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Biomedical subjects

T Kamada

Publications and source records attributed to T Kamada.

At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Changes in index-F and index-delta 4P in normal pregnancy, labor and the puerperium].

Index-F and index-delta 4P (cortisol and progesterone which are not bound to corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) in the umbilical cord vein and the maternal blood were determined during pregnancy, at delivery and puerperium. Index-F and index-delta 4P were calculated as the total cortisol or total progesterone X% unbound to CBG divided by 100. The level of index-F showed a gradual rise during pregnancy, and in late pregnancy reached about 1.5 times as high as that of non-pregnant women, whereas the total cortisol level was about 3.3 times. Near delivery, index-F was almost completely stable, but at delivery, it increased suddenly in proportion to the rise in the total cortisol level. This rise is probably due to stress. In the umbilical cord vein blood, the level of index-F was 1.5 times higher than that in the maternal plasma before delivery; however the total cortisol level was lower than that of the maternal plasma. The levels of both index-delta 4P and total progesterone showed a gradual increase during pregnancy in parallel, and each value in late pregnancy was about 4.5 to 4.9 times that of early pregnant women. At or near delivery, the level of index-delta 4P was almost stable and no decrease occurred. In the umbilical cord vein plasma, the levels of index-delta 4P and total progesterone were extremely high. However, the meaning of these results isn't clear.

Carrier Proteins↗
PubMed1983

Metabolic dependence of the fluidity of intact erythrocyte membrane.

The motion of spin labeled phosphatidylcholine embedded in the lipid bilayer of erythrocyte membrane increased in association with metabolic ATP-depletion. The fluidity change was reversed by subsequent ATP-replenishment. However, levels of cellular 1,2-diacylglycerol, GSH or intracellular Ca2+ contributed little to the fluidity change. Temperature dependence of the fluidity indicated the disappearance of inflection points in ATP-depleted cells, thereby suggesting alterations in protein-lipid interactions. The fluidity change was also reproduced with oxidizing agents which cross-link spectrin. We suggest that the lipid phase state of membrane is maintained by protein-lipid interactions which depend on the metabolic state of the cells, particularly ATP levels.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1983

Mapping of the auditory area in the cerebellar vermis and hemispheres of the mustache bat, Pteronotus parnellii parnellii.

Microelectrode mapping of the auditory areas in the cerebellar vermis and hemispheres of mustache bats, Pteronotus parnellii parnellii, reveals that a large area of the bat's cerebellum contains units responding to acoustic signals. A study of frequency tuning of isolated units shows that there are two large groups of auditory units. The units of one group are sharply tuned to a very narrow band of frequency with BFs between 60 and 64 kHz. The units of the other group are broadly tuned, with BFs between 47 and 59 kHz. These two groups of units are probably involved in processing the predominant CF and FM portions of the bat's orientation sounds during echolocation.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1983

Noninvasive assessment of microcirculation of living organs and tissues using laser.

For studying microcirculation of intact tissues or organs, a new noninvasive, heat-transient method using laser photoexcitation is described. As a heating source an argon ion laser or R6G dye laser was used via a quartz fiber optic guide. Infrared radiation from heated tissue was detected by a thermography apparatus. After switching the laser irradiation on and off, a thermal transient curve of a model tissue, the skin, was biphasic: a component with a fast time constant and the other with a slow time constant. The temperature increases of both phases following laser irradiation were linear to the applied power from the laser onto the tissue. The temperature rises as a function of the wavelength of irradiated light have shown that the absorption of the light by tissue hemoglobin is a main heat-generation source. Furthermore, the temperature rises as a function of tissue blood volume and flow have shown that the component with a slow time constant is more related to the tissue hemoglobin concentration and tissue blood flow and heat conductivity. Thus, the analysis of heat-transient curves following laser irradiation gives information as to regional tissue blood volume, blood flow, and tissue heat conductivity.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Low Km ALDH isozyme and alcoholic liver injury.

To assess the relationship between the polymorphism of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) isozyme and alcoholic liver injury, ALDH isozyme was analyzed by isoelectric focusing electrophoresis in hair roots from normal volunteers and alcoholics with chronic liver disease. Liver biopsy specimens from alcoholics and non-alcoholics with chronic liver disease were also analyzed. It was found that (1) the frequency of low Km ALDH isozyme in hair roots from chronic alcoholics with liver injury was 90%, which was significantly higher than those from normal volunteers (44%) and from non-alcoholics with chronic liver disease (56%); (2) the isozyme pattern of liver specimens analyzed coincided with that of hair roots; (3) the low Km ALDH isozyme-positive subjects including alcoholics showed no facial flushing, and negative subjects showed facial flushing after drinking alcohol. It is concluded that a much higher frequency of low Km ALDH isozyme was found in chronic alcoholics with liver injury. There was no apparent difference in hepatic biochemical and histological findings between chronic alcoholics with and without low Km ALDH isozyme, suggesting that acetaldehyde does not play a primary role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1983

Effect of acute and chronic ethanol consumption on hepatic tissue oxygen tension in rats.

In vivo hepatic tissue oxygenation was investigated in chronically ethanol-treated rats using micro oxygen electrode and reflectance spectrophotometry. Effect of acute ethanol administration was also studied. Hepatic oxygen tension of rats treated with ethanol chronically (daily ethanol intake, 9-12 g/kg for 9 months) was very low as compared with that of normal rats, the decrease being comparable to that of rats treated with carbon tetrachloride. The hepatic oxygen tension in normal controls shortly after ethanol ingestion increased from basal level (median, 23 mmHg) to 40-70 mmHg, while in chronically ethanol-treated rats, the hepatic oxygen tension decreased transiently, followed by a gradual increase, but it still remained low. In CCl4-treated rats, the hepatic oxygen tension decreased further after the ethanol ingestion. It is concluded that chronic ethanol consumption in rats resulted in hepatic hypoxia with decreased liver blood flow and volume. Also acute ethanol administration does not induce hepatic hypoxia in normal rats, while in rats with injured liver it induces hypoxia.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1983

Lower levels of erythrocyte membrane fluidity in diabetic patients. A spin label study.

The dynamic properties of intact erythrocyte membrane in diabetic patients were investigated by means of electron spin resonance using three stearic acid spin labels (SAL): 5-, 12-, and 16-SAL. Significantly lower levels of erythrocyte membrane fluidity were revealed with 16-SAL as a probe in diabetic patients when compared with normal controls. However, there were no significant differences in fluidity values using 5- or 12-SAL between the two groups. Therefore, it became obvious that the decrease in fluidity was located in deeper sites (hydrophobic region) of the erythrocyte double membrane in diabetic patients. It was strongly suggested that changes in the membrane cholesterol to phospholipid molar ratios are not a principal factor contributing to the fluidity change. A significant increase of sphingomyelin and decrease of phosphatidylethanolamine were found in the erythrocyte membrane of diabetic patients and an alteration in membrane phospholipid classes and their acyl-chains could conceivably be related to the fluidity change. There were no significant correlations between change in membrane fluidity and most plasma lipids, plasma lecithin-cholesterol acyl-transferase activities, erythrocyte glycosylated hemoglobin, erythrocyte adenosine triphosphate, fasting blood glucose or duration of the disease. Plasma cholesterol of high-density lipoprotein showed a significant negative correlation with the membrane fluidity values. Some of the possible factors contributing to and the significance of the lower levels of erythrocyte membrane fluidity were discussed in conjunction with both metabolic and clinical aspects in diabetic patients.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1983

Hepatic hemodynamics in patients with chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis as assessed by organ-reflectance spectrophotometry.

Hepatic hemodynamics in patients with chronic liver disease has been studied by reflectance spectrophotometry of the liver in situ during peritoneoscopy. An organ-reflectance spectrophotometer used in this study was equipped with a branched optic fiber bundle, which coupled the liver surface with the spectrophotometer. The spectrophotometry could measure qualitatively and quantitatively the absorption of hemoglobin in the liver in situ, thus estimating the regional hepatic tissue blood hemoglobin concentration and the saturation level of hemoglobin in the regional tissue blood. The analysis of 42 cases has shown that the estimated regional hepatic tissue blood hemoglobin concentration and saturation level of hemoglobin decreased in most cirrhotic livers, suggesting that even in cirrhotic livers the hepatic oxygen extraction increased, concomitant with a decrease in the regional hepatic tissue blood hemoglobin concentration. The hepatic blood hemoglobin concentration estimated on the surface layer of the liver was positively correlated with the regional hepatic blood flow measured by radioisotope clearance technique. The estimated hepatic blood hemoglobin concentration was also correlated positively with serum albumin level and prothrombin time, and negatively correlated with plasma retention of indocyanine green at 15 min. It is concluded that the hepatic tissue blood hemoglobin concentration decreases significantly with progress of chronic hepatitis to cirrhosis. This decrease in hepatic blood hemoglobin concentration and flow is concomitant with a decrease in metabolic functions, which is not compensated by an increased hepatic oxygen extraction.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical study on combination chemotherapy of primary liver cancer].

Three regimens were comparatively studied by a randomized trial in 95 patients with hepatic, biliary or pancreatic carcinomas: Group 1; Futraful (FT) alone, Group 2; FT plus cyclophosphamide (Ex), and Group 3; FT plus Carboquone (CQ). There was no difference in overall response rate among the three groups, evaluated by three valuables, i.e., improvement of subjective symptoms, improvement of laboratory examinations, and regression of the tumor. Group 2 demonstrated a favorable result in regression of the tumor as compared with other groups. In cases where the improvements of subjective symptoms and laboratory examinations were observed, the survival duration was prolonged, but in cases of the tumor regression, the survival was not prolonged. The improved survival rate was observed in Group 1, but neither in group 2 nor 3. There was no difference in the frequency of hematotoxicity among three groups (the frequency was as low as 3.4-8.8%). The frequency of side effect in subjective symptoms was 22% for the Group 1, 68% for the Group 2, and 62% for the Group 3, respectively.

Adult↗