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Biomedical subjects

T Kachi

Publications and source records attributed to T Kachi.

87 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

The further investigation on the gastric acid secretion in the primary hyperparathyroidism.

The gastric acid output was studied in the 11 patients of hyperparathyroidism before and after parathyroidectomy. The gastric acid output before operation was almost equal to the normal control in our hospital. After the correction of serum calcium by parathyroidectomy, the gastric acid output and serum gastrin were decreased. The decreased gastric acid output was recovered as the days passed since operation and approached to the preoperative level. The acid output in hyperparathyroidism was less in the case whose activity of alkaline phosphatase was more, which suggested that the calcium deposition on gastric mucosa might damage the parietal cell as the result of long lasting hypercalcemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Neural control of glycogen content and its diurnal rhythm in mouse pineal cell.

In adult male dd mice, possible mechanisms regulating the glycogen content in the pineal cell were investigated by a semiquantitative histochemical method, with particular reference to the role of the sympathetic innervation. Reserpine, superior cervical ganglionectomy (SCGX), or decentralization of the ganglia (DC), as well as continuous light, prevented the nocturnal decrease in the glycogen content, causing a marked increase, and caused a gradual decrease in the size of the pineal cell. In the SCGX or DC group, the glycogen content reached a peak at 2 days and then decreased gradually. The nocturnal decrease was also prevented by propranolol. Noradrenaline caused a marked decrease in the glycogen content. These findings support the hypothesis that the glycogen metabolism and its diurnal rhythm in the pineal cell are regulated by the sympathetic nerve terminals innervating the pineal gland, presumably by the release of noradrenaline. In addition, the nature of the internal mechanism in the organism generating the pineal glycogen rhythm was examined. Light was considered to induce a phase shift in such a mechanism, but reserpine was not.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1977

Functional relationships between sympathetic nerves and pinealocytes in the mouse pineal: quantitative electron microscopic observations.

Quantitative electron microscopic observations on the pineal gland of the mouse were made in order to demonstrate ultrastructural changes in response to various conditions of illumination in sympathetic nerve fibers as well as in pinealocytes and, thus, to establish some morphological correlates of a functional relationship between sympathetic nerves and pinealocytes. The diurnal change in the number of the small granulated vesicles (60 nm in diameter) in sympathetic nerve fibers of the mouse pineal is similar to that of the noradrenaline content in the rat pineal; increasing at night to reach the maximum level at the beginning of the light period of the day. A marked decrease of the small granulated vesicles seen after the onset of darkness may be correlated with a release of noradrenaline from the nerve fibers. Since the diurnal change in the number of the granulated vesicles (100 nm in diameter) and the glycogen content in the mouse pinealocytes closely resemble each other, the diurnal variation in the number of the granulated vesicles and the amount of glycogen may be influenced by a diurnal rhythm in the release of noradrenaline. The number of the granulated vesicles and the glycogen content in the pinealocytes show another striking similarity in that their remarkable increase is induced by continuous light for relatively short periods. It is speculated that light suppresses the release of noradrenaline from the nerve fibers and, thus, causes an increase of the glycogen content as well as the number of the granulated vesicles in the pinealocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Postnatal observations on the diurnal rhythm and the light-responsiveness in the pineal glycogen content in mice.

In mice of both sexes ranging in age from five days to two years, the development and time course of diurnal rhythm and light-related variations in pineal glycogen were systematically studied by a semiquantitative histochemical method. When the animals were maintained under the usual diurnal lighting conditions (12L:12D), the diurnal rhythm and light-related changes in pineal glycogen appeared first at 22 days of age and persisted until two years. The glycogenic response was most prominent between 60 and 150 days, and declined slightly in mice older than one year. The glycogenic response and cell size tended to differ in the distal, middle and proximal portions of the body of the pineal. These regional differences change with the ages of the animals. When mice were kept in continuous darkness for seven days starting from 15, 23 or 60 days of age, the pineal showed a diurnal rhythm in pineal glycogen. When mice were kept in altered light regimens such as continuous darkness, continuous lighting or 6L:6D from birth up to 30 days, no diurnal variation in pineal glycogen developed.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The corticomotoneurone connection is normal in Parkinson's disease.

Voluntary movements in Parkinson's disease are initiated and executed slowly. It is assumed that the motor cortex and its output pathway are intact and that bradykinesia is due to abnormal motor commands delivered to a normal corticospinal system. We have tested this assumption using electrical stimulation of the motor cortex through the scalp in three patients with severe Parkinson's disease, studied during fluctuations from relatively normal mobility when receiving drugs (ON) to severe bradykinesia when not receiving drugs (OFF). Thresholds and latencies for motor cortex stimulation to excite thumb flexor muscles and the resulting fast mechanical responses were the same in both ON and OFF conditions, even though the patients were unable to execute fast thumb flexion movements voluntarily when OFF. We conclude that the excitability and conduction velocity of the corticospinal motor pathways are normal in Parkinson's disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pineal effects on adrenal medulla, area postrema and brain water content in relation to intracranial surgery.

We aimed to explore whether and how the pineal influences the adrenal medulla, the area postrema and the brain water content; and is influenced by sham pinealectomy (SPX) in its structures and melatonin secretion. Quantitative morphological methods were mainly used in rats and golden hamsters. Experimental results showed: (1) Pineal effects on the A cell system of the adrenal medulla were inhibitory to the synthesis and secretion of epinephrine into the perivascular space and stimulatory to the opioid synthesis, and augmented by SPX. Time-of-day changes were also influenced by SPX and PX. (2) The sizes of a part of the nuclei of nerve and glia cells in the area postrema and the brain water content increased by SPX depending on the presence of the pineal, suggesting the pineal's stimulatory effects on these following SPX. (3) SPX caused morphological changes suggesting an increased activity of pinealocytes. However, corresponding consistent increases in plasma melatonin levels were not seen following SPX. Possible interpretations of these observations were discussed.

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Circadian changes in adrenal dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity: dependency of change at darkness onset, and the effect of pinealectomy, on animal strain and age.

In a previous study we found a daily darkness- and pineal-dependent rise in adrenal dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity in 4-month-old S1 rats. The present investigation shows that aged (12 to 14-month-old) S1 rats do not have such a change in DBH activity. Similarly in the relatively younger (100-day-old) rats of a different (Holtzman) strain such a change was not found. Also pinealectomy did not seem to have any effect on adrenal DBH in either of these two strains of rats, young or old at times just before and after the onset of darkness. In both S1 and Holtzman rats, the concentration of copper-sensitive endogenous inhibitors of DBH remained unaltered following the surgical extirpation of pineal. Photoperiodic change from light to dark also had no significant effect on the inhibitor content in these two strains of rats. It is concluded that there are age and strain dependencies in the behavior of adrenal DBH activity at the daily onset of darkness.

Adrenal Glands↗