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Biomedical subjects

T Johnsson

Publications and source records attributed to T Johnsson.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Primary and secondary maternal cytomegalovirus infections and their relation to congenital infection. Analysis of maternal sera.

4 382 new mothers were examined retrospectively with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgG activity to cytomegalovirus (CMV) during pregnancy. Some of them were also studied with the indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) test for CMV-IgM antibodies. All the infants had been studied for CMV excretion within the first week of life. Nineteen of them had been shown to be congenitally infected with CMV. 1 218 (28%) women lacked CMV-IgG activity at their first antenatal visit (usually in months III-IV). Fourteen of them seroconverted before parturition (primary infection). Thirteen of the seroconverters were shown to develop CMV-IgM activity. In 6 (43%) cases the primary infection was transmitted to the offspring. The remaining 13 congenitally infected infants were born to mothers with a positive IgM-test at their first antenatal control. Only one of these mothers had a clearly positive IgM-test. She was shown to lack CMV-antibodies before conception (primary infection during the first trimester). Preconceptional sera were obtained from further 4 of the 13 seropositive mothers of congenitally infected infants; all 4 had CMV antibodies before pregnancy (secondary infection during pregnancy). The combined studies of the mothers and infants revealed that 21-63% of the congenital infections could have been caused by secondary maternal infections. Prospectively performed, the study would only have disclosed one of the three fetal CMV infections that resulted in neurological sequelae.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1982

IgM antibody to the hepatitis B core antigen in acute hepatitis determined by SPRIA--diagnostic value.

A solid phase radio-immunoassay (SPRIA) was developed for the detection of anti-HBc IgM. The assay proved sensitive and easy to perform and rheumatoid factor did not affect the test results. Anti-HBc IgM titres were followed in consecutive samples from 15 patients after uncomplicated acute hepatitis B. In the acute phase anti-HBc IgM titres ranged from 10(-5) to 10(-7) (mean 10(-6.4)). One year after onset of disease ten of the 15 had titres below 10(-4) and between two and three years after onset most patients had titres 10(-3). Anti-HBc IgM titres were determined in six episodes of acute hepatitis B, all HBsAg negative but anti-HBc positive in the first samples obtained (within 8 days) and developing anti-HBs during convalescence. Acute phase anti-HBc IgM titres in these patients ranged between 10(-5.5) and 10(-7) (mean 10(-6.5)) and were thus identical with HBsAg positive cases. When acute phase sera from 168 episodes of acute hepatitis primarily classified as non-A, non-B, were tested for anti-HBc IgM titres above 10(-5), sera from 13 episodes were positive and in seven of these hepatitis B diagnosis could be confirmed by rising anti-HBs titres in convalescence. Sera from four of the 13 patients contained HBeAg, which was thus demonstrated in the absence of HBsAg. The results show that testing for anti-HBc IgM is important for a true non-A, non-B diagnosis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Acute hepatitis A, B and non-A, non-B in a Swedish community studied over a ten-year period.

985 episodes of hepatitis representing 98% of all acute hepatitis episodes found in a Swedish city during a 10-year period were analyzed for anti-hepatitis A IgM antibodies and hepatitis B surface antigen. Hepatitis A was diagnosed in 311 episodes (32%), hepatitis B in 494 (50%), simultaneous acute hepatitis A and B in 12 (1.2%), and 168 episodes (17%) were classified as hepatitis non-A, non-B. The majority of the hepatitis A cases were drug addicts (58%), and all were concentrated in 3 outbreaks of 1-2 years duration. 16% of all hepatitis A cases were probably imported. Hepatitis B cases decreased significantly (p less than 0.001) between the first and second half of the study period. 47% were drug addicts. Hepatitis non-A, non-B was also dominated by drug addicts (61%). Approximately 20% of the cases in all 3 types of hepatitis had no identifiable source.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1981

Risk of cytomegalovirus infection in nurses and congenital infection in their offspring.

The risk of contracting cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in nursing of infants and of congenital CMV infection in infants born to such nursing personnel were investigated. The investigation comprised 292 women working in paediatric clinics or day nurseries and a control group of 163 women who had no professional contact with infants. Among the women younger than 25, those who had tended infants for more than six months were significantly (p less than 0.001) more often seropositive for CMV than were those--mainly student nurses--with less than six months' infant nursing service, but ot more often than control women. At ages above 25 there was no demonstrable difference between the groups. In a separate study the occupation of 36 mothers of infants with congenital CMV infection was investigated. Compared to a control group no overrepresentation of nurses was found. All six congenitally infected infants born to nurses developed normally.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Incidence of Legionella pneumophila in acute lower respiratory tract infections.

The etiological role of Legionella pneumophila and other infectious agents in acute lower respiratory tract infections in 112 patients attending an infectious disease clinic was estimated by a serological study of paired sera and bacteriological culture of nasopharynx swabs and culture and immunoelectroosmophoresis of expectorates. Only 2 of the patients had a 4-fold rise in antibody titre to L. pneumophila, suggesting a similar incidence of legionnaires' disease as reported from USA.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Seasonal fluctuations in the occurrence of enterotoxigenic bacteria and rotavirus in paediatric diarrhoea in Addis Ababa.

This study (March 1977-February 1978) was performed at the Ethio-Swedish Pediatric Clinic, Addis Ababa, to determine whether there were any seasonal fluctuations in the occurrence of diarrhoea associated with enterotoxigenic enterobacteria (ETEB), rotavirus and two parasites (Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica).A total of 1161 children (962 patients and 199 controls) were investigated. ETEB were isolated in 12.2% of the patients and 4.5% of the controls, rotavirus in 27.8% and 8%, and parasites in 6.8% and 1%, respectively. There is a statistically significant difference in the isolation rates between patients and controls (P<0.001 for rotavirus, P<0.01 for ETEB and parasites). Rotavirus was most prevalent in the 7-12 months age group and ETEB during the second year of life, while parasites showed a continuous increase with age.Two peaks in the occurrence of ETEB were found during the year, the first in August (32.6%), the second in January (19.2%). Two peaks for rotavirus though not as distinct as for ETEB, were seen in June (42.7%) and November (36.4%). The isolation rate of parasites showed no consistent pattern during the year.This study suggests a seasonal occurrence of ETEB and rotavirus but with no apparent correlation to climatological factors.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Prevalence of nine different micro-organisms in the female genital tract. A comparison between women from a venereal disease clinic and from a health control department.

In a study of the prevalence of nine different micro-organisms in the female genital tract in a Swedish population, significantly higher isolation rates occurred among women attending a venereal disease clinic than among those attending a gynaecological health control department. The prevalence of Candida albicans, however, was similar in different groups, individual susceptibility being the most important factor. Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Mycoplasma hominis occurred concomitantly with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, indicating a similar epidemiology for all these agents. Younger patients seemed to have an increased susceptibility to C. trachomatis whereas older patients had an increased susceptibility to T. vaginalis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

An outbreak of hepatitis A investigated by immune electron microscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

In a small outbreak of hepatitis A among members of a hospital staff, excretion of hepatitis A virus could be detected by immune electron microscopy (IEM) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 3 out of 3 cases tested. Significant increases in antibody titre could be shown in 4 out of 6 cases (IEM), and development of virus specific IgM was shown in all 6 cases (ELISA). Among these patients IgM could be detected after 3 months, while sera drawn after 10 months were negative.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1979

A prospective study on congenital and acquired cytomegalovirus infections in infants.

A preliminary report is presented on a current prospective virological and clinical study of congenital and acquired infant cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections. During a 1-year period, 7/2200 newborn Swedish infants investigated (0.3%) had a congenital CMV infection as shown by positive virus isolation. Two of them had typical symptoms, hepatosplenomegaly and petechiae in one case and splenomegaly in the other one. All of them had a normal birth weight and normal head circumference. No sequelae have been observed during an observation period of up to 9 months. Five out of 10 control infants followed-up acquired a CMV infection within a few months. 5/7 mothers of the congenitally infected infants and 3/14 mothers of the control infants were primiparas.

Cytomegalovirus Infections↗
PubMed1979

Fulminant hepatitis A.

During a small epidemic of infectious hepatitis, a fulminant infection with fatal outcome occurred in a 54-year-old woman. IgM antibody to hepatitis A virus was demonstrated in the serum and large amounts of hepatitis A virus were found in the liver. It is suggested that the pathogenesis may be different for fulminant hepatitis A and B infection.

Female↗
PubMed1978

Congenital and acquired cytomegalovirus infections. Virological and clinical studies on a Swedish infant population.

The study included two clinical materials. First, the frequency of cytomegalovirus and its clinical significance were studied among 661 Swedish children under one year of age admitted to a paediatric hospital. Before the age of one week 4/326 (1%) children excreted virus. At one month the frequency had risen to 6/52 (12%) and after this age the frequency was constant around 20--25%. Sixty per cent of infants born to immigrants were infected after one month of age. One of the four congenitally infected children had symptoms at birth followed by neurological sequelae. The majority of the infections acquired at birth or in early infancy seemed to be subclinical and without sequelae. Second, a retrospective investigation of 18 695 children born during a six-year period was performed. Two cases of virologically confirmed congenital cytomegalic inclusion disease was found. Regarding seven microcephalic patients in the retrospective study congenital CMV-infection could be excluded in four cases. In the remaining three cases the data did not permit any conclusions regarding the etiology.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1977

Family infections by reo-like virus. Comparison of antibody titres by complement fixation and immunoelectroosmophoresis.

The families of 31 index cases infected by reo-like virus were examined for gastroenteritis symptoms, virus excretion and serological evidence of infection. Excretion of virus was seen only among the children in the families, and it occurred together with gastroenteritis symptoms in 97.2% of all cases. Virtually all infected children had a significant rise in titre in paired sera. Among the parents 25.0% had a significant rise in titre associated with infections with gastroenteritis symptoms and 28.6% with symptomfree infections. A comparison between complement fixation and immunoelectroosmophoresis for detection of antibody showed that the tests gave similar results.

Adult↗