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Biomedical subjects

T J Haley

Publications and source records attributed to T J Haley.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Human poisoning with pentachlorophenol and its treatment.

A case of intentional intoxication with pentachlorophenol has been described. Salient features observed included pyrexia, diaphoresis, hyperkinesis, muscle twitching, tremors, epigastric tenderness, leg pain, tachypnea, and tachycardia. The patient's restlessness and agitation were controlled with phenytoin and phenobarbital. Forced diuresis with furosemide and mannitol resulted in a large increase in urinary excretion of pentachlorophenol. It is suggested that such therapy may be life saving in such intoxications.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Maleic hydrazide: should the Delaney amendment apply to its use?

The chemistry, metabolism, toxicology, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity of maleic hydrazide have been reviewed. There is little doubt that this chemical is a mutagen and a carcinogen in cell cultures and animals, but no evidence is available on human carcinogenicity regardless of population exposure in manufacturing, agriculture, and the food chain (i.e., potato chips). An epidemiology survey should be conducted to ascertain possible human carcinogenicity in these populations. A long-term ingestion experiment should be conducted in several animal species to establish whether maleic hydrazide is carcinogenic by this route. Biotransformation studies should be undertaken along with pharmacokinetic studies to obtain a better understanding of the chemical's metabolism and excretion. Such investigations would firmly establish whether the tolerance formaleic hydrazide should remain or whether the use of the compound should be banned under the Delaney Amendment.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Pharmacological comparison of R(+), S(-) and racemic thiopentone in mice.

The i.p. LD50's of the enantiomorphs of thiopentone have the following increasing order of lethality R(+), racemate and S(-). Whereas the racemate and the S(-) compound have similar therapeutic indices, the R(+) compound has the highest value. The S(-) isomer is the most potent anesthetic agent, followed by the R(+) and the racemate. In the ability to block pentylenetetrazol- and strychnine-induced seizures, the compounds are ranked in the following order of decreased potency: S(-), racemate and R(+). The differences in potency between antipodes have been related to absolute steric configuration of the molecules. Differences in potency of the stereoisomers have been discussed in relationship to known metabolic conversions of thiopentone and its rapid penetration into body fat depots.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Strain differences in histopathologic, hematologic, and blood chemistry changes induced in mice by a technical and a purified preparation of 2,4,5-trichlorphenoxyacetic acid.

Including controls, 978 mice were studied. On days corresponding to days 6 through 14 of pregnancy, groups of pregnant and nonpregnant CD-1 mice and male and nonpregnant female dihybrid cross F2 mice received by gavage 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) ranging in dosage from 30 to 140 mg/kg. Some groups received a technical preparation containing 97.9 +/- 0.4% 2,4,5-T and some a purified preparation containing 99 +/- 0.3% 2,4,5-T. Mice were sacrificed when they became moribund and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 11 days after beginning treatment. Sick or moribund mice sacrificed after 2-9 doses of 2,4,5-T often showed severe myocardial lesions, hypocellularlity of the bone marrow, and depletion of lymphocytes in the thymus, spleen or lymph nodes. They also showed marked hematologic and blood chemistry changes. Treated mice remaining healthy showed few or no lesions or blood chemistry changes, but often developed a mild anemia attributable to a hemolytic effect of 2,4,5-T. The incidence of animals becoming moribund was less than 1% in the CD-1 mice, including those given 140 mg/kg, and 53-82% in groups of male and female F2 mice receiving 120 mg/kg 2,4,5-T. The incidence of moribund mice tended to be higher in male than in female F2 mice and in those given the purified compound. These findings indicate that impairment of maternal health by severe lesions early in gestation is not the primary cause of an increase in incidence of fetal abnormalities observed in mice given 2,4,5-t. they also indicate that the lesions are due primarily to 2,4,5-T, rather than contaminants in the technical preparation, and illustrate the importance of using more than one strain of mouse in a toxicologic or teratologic study.

2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗
PubMed1976

Dose-response hyperplasia and neoplasia from feeding N-2-fluorenylacetamide (2-FAA) to BALB/c mice for varying time intervals.

Hyperplasia induced by N-2-fluorenylacetamide requires the continuous presence of the chemical for its maintenance. Feeding the chemical at levels of 8 to 86 ppm results in a dose-response related urinary bladder hyperplasia and, after 9 to 12 months, in bladder neoplasia at the higher dose levels. Neoplasia of the lungs, liver, parotid gland, lacrimal gland, harderian gland, and submaxillary gland was also observed. Measurement of oncogenic viruses revealed no synergism with 2-FAA and no relationship between virus counts and neoplasia. Calcareous pericarditis was observed and most general toxicological effects occurred in the liver. A pronounced sex difference in response was observed with the males giving greater responses than the females in all instances.

2-Acetylaminofluorene↗
PubMed1975

Estimation of the LD1 and extrapolation of the LD0.1 for five organophosphate pesticides.

The oral LD50,s for organophosphate pesticides have been determined in CD-1 strain male and female mice. The values in mg/kg are: Trichlorfon, 800 and 800; Naled, 409 and 330; Dichlorvos, 139 and 133, GC6506, 23.4 and 17.8; Fospirate, 225 and 263 respectively. Toxicity was greater in males with Fospirate and greater in females with Naled and GC6506. The predicted LD1's and the extrapolated LD0.1's have been determined for the 5 organophosphates from an unbalanced design, loaded heavily toward the lower end of the dose-response curve. It has been shown that the slopes of the curves obtained with 50, 100 and 660 animals are parallel for all compound except Fospirate in the 660 mouse experiments. This is probably related to excessive female deaths in the upper segment of the dose-response curve. Sex dependent lethality was observed with Trichlorfon, Dichlorvos and Fospirate with the males being more susceptible than the females except in the case of Fospirate where there was a reversal at the LD50 with greater susceptibility in the females. The conditions for obtaining accurate results in such experiments have been established. The implications of human exposure to low levels of the environmental pollutants have been discussed.

Animals↗