Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T J Divers

Publications and source records attributed to T J Divers.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Diagnosis and surgical correction of patent ductus venosus in a calf.

Patent ductus venosus was diagnosed in a 10-week-old Holstein heifer with acute onset of collapse and marked tenesmus. Additional clinical signs observed during the course of hospitalization included depression, anorexia, hind limb ataxia, bruxism, and poor growth. Clinicopathologic test results included high blood ammonia concentration, prolonged sulfobromophthalein half-life, and high serum bile acid concentration. Liver biopsy revealed mild periportal fibrosis, but no appreciable hepatocyte atrophy. Mesenteric portography and percutaneous ultrasonography confirmed the patent ductus venosus. An atrial septal defect prosthesis was placed in the ductus venosus, using a catheterization technique. After surgery, however, clinicopathologic test results were unchanged. Ultrasonography revealed that the prosthesis had pulled away from one side of the vessel. When the calf was 10.5 months old, surgical correction was achieved by a transhepatic ligation technique. Ultrasonography confirmed closure of the ductus venosus during and after surgery. Blood ammonia and serum bile acid concentrations and sulfobromophthalein half-life were normal 3 weeks after surgery. The calf had no further episodes of hepatoencephalopathy and was successfully bred at 18 months of age.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Correction of bilateral ureteral defects in a foal.

Bilateral ureteral defects were diagnosed as the cause of depression and azotemia in an 8-day-old Thoroughbred filly. The azotemia resulted from accumulation of urine in the retroperitoneal area. A ventral midline laparotomy was performed, and defects found in both the left and right ureter were repaired. Uroperitoneum and abdominal distention, presumably from urine leakage at the left ureteral surgery site, were detected on the fourth postoperative day and necessitated abdominal drainage. Thirty-six hours later, the leakage stopped spontaneously, and the foal recovered normally. This report should help to differentiate ureteral defects in foals from the more common syndrome of ruptured bladder.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Acute renal failure associated with administration of excessive amounts of tetracycline in a cow.

High doses of intravenously and intramuscularly administered oxytetracycline were believed to be responsible for acute renal failure in a dehydrated cow. Signs of renal disease included oliguria, perirenal edema, marked azotemia, moderate proteinuria, tubular casts in urinary sediment, and inability to concentrate urine. Concurrent intravenous administration of fluids and diuretics (mannitol and furosemide) resulted in reestablishment of normal urine production. Because of its nephrotoxic potential, oxytetracycline should be used cautiously and at recommended dosages in ruminants that have prerenal azotemia or otherwise reduced renal function.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1987

Hemolytic uremic-like syndrome in two horses.

A syndrome characterized clinically by oliguria, progressive severe azotemia, and edema of the abdomen and groin was seen in 2 horses. Treatment with fluids, diuretics, and corticosteroids administered intravenously was ineffective, and the horses were euthanatized. Microscopically, there was severe necrotizing angiopathy with profuse fibrin deposition in renal glomeruli and sinusoids of peripheral lymph nodes. The signs observed in the horses resembled hemolytic-uremic syndrome in human beings.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Pancytopenia caused by bone marrow aplasia in a horse.

Pancytopenia was evaluated in a mature Quarter Horse gelding. A diagnosis of bone marrow aplasia was made on the basis of bone marrow hypocellularity. History of drugs administered included penicillin, oxytetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfadiazine, phenylbutazone, dipyrone, flunixin meglumine, and isoxsuprine. Clinical remission was observed after treatment with glucocorticoids, androgens, and broad-spectrum antimicrobials.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Botulism as a sequel to open castration in a horse.

Clostridium botulinum and type-B C botulinum toxin were isolated from a necrotic wound that developed subsequent to castration in a 2-year-old Thoroughbred gelding. The horse had clinical signs of botulism and was successfully treated with wound debridement, C botulinum type-B antitoxin, potassium penicillin, and supportive care.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Laminitis and decreased milk production in first-lactation cows improperly fed a dairy ration.

First-lactation cows that were improperly fed a grain ration developed chronic, nonsuppurative laminitis, resulting in profound lameness in all 4 limbs, thin body condition, and poor milk production. Results of ration analysis indicated that the cows were receiving 10% to 40% more energy than that recommended by the National Research Council. The following management changes were instituted for first-lactation cows: the absolute amount of concentrate offered was decreased by 10% to 25% (depending on each cow's milk production), the rate of increase in concentrate fed was lessened to achieve maximal intake in 21 days, feed was made available more frequently and in smaller amounts during the day, sequence feeding was implemented, forage was provided before grain when possible, and sodium bicarbonate (1%, on a dry-weight basis) and fat (5%, on a dry-weight basis) were added to the grain mix. These management changes normalized rumen fermentation, and the clinical problems did not develop in the 20 subsequently fresh heifers. Therefore, the ration should be analyzed when first-lactation cows begin developing lameness and poor milk production.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1987

Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in 48 foals: response to antimicrobial therapy.

Case records of 48 foals with pneumonia due to Rhodococcus equi were reviewed. Twenty of the 48 foals survived and 28 died or were euthanized. There was no significant difference between the survivors and non-survivors in the age of onset of illness, duration of illness prior to admission, the mean white blood cell (WBC) count, or the mean plasma fibrinogen content. All foals had R. equi isolated from a tracheobronchial aspirate or lung specimens obtained at necropsy. All organisms were susceptible in vitro (Kirby-Bauer) to erythromycin and gentamicin. Susceptibilities to other drugs were: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (88%), tetracycline (87%), chloramphenicol (83%); 97% were resistant to cephalothin and 83% to penicillin. Thirteen of the 20 surviving foals were treated with erythromycin and/or rifampin. A decline in mortality rate was observed with the introduction of the combination of erythromycin and rifampin. None of the 17 foals treated with penicillin and gentamicin survived. Chronic, active, non-septic synovitis was confirmed in 17 foals. These foals had joint distension with mild or no apparent lameness.

Actinomycetales Infections↗
PubMed1987

Acute renal failure in six horses resulting from haemodynamic causes.

Six horses had been admitted to the hospital because of illness other than renal failure; diarrhoea, myositis, abdominal pain and/or suspected bacterial sepsis. Hypotension and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy were frequent findings in the horses. Abnormally high serum creatinine concentration and urine specific gravity of less than 1.022 were found in the horses with acute renal failure. Hyponatraemia and hypochloraemia were the most common abnormal electrolyte findings. Pronounced hyperkalaemia was not found. Variable degrees of tubular necrosis were seen in three of the four horses that had kidney sections submitted for microscopic examination. Renal cortical necrosis occurred in one horse. Intravenous fluid and electrolyte replacement was the most important therapy in those cases that were non-oliguric. Furosemide, mannitol and dopamine were used in horses with oliguria. The prognosis was generally good if the predisposing cause could be corrected and the acute renal failure was not oliguric.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1987

Plasma antithrombin-III values in healthy horses: effect of sex and/or breed.

Plasma antithrombin-III (AT-III) values were determined in 74 healthy horses by an automated spectrophotometric assay. The mean plasma AT-III value was 218% +/- 18% of normal human plasma. Plasma AT-III values did not differ significantly (P less than 0.05) among Thoroughbred, Standardbred, Quarter Horse, and other breeds or among mares, geldings, or stallions.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Blindness and convulsions associated with vitamin A deficiency in feedlot steers.

Blindness and convulsions were the predominant clinical signs in a group of feedlot steers inadvertently fed a vitamin-A deficient diet. Although vitamin A had been added to the feed at the time of preparation, it was believed that the vitamin A had been destroyed by heat, humidity, and minerals mixed in the feed. Feedlot heifers fed the same high-grain diet were clinically normal, and one heifer from which a blood sample was obtained had normal serum vitamin A content. The ingestion of sparse grasses and weeds found along the fence row of the heifers' pens was thought to have provided sufficient vitamin A to these animals. This episode demonstrated the importance of monitoring vitamin A and vitamin A precursor concentrations in stored feeds, especially those stored under adverse conditions and those fed to animals ingesting only a high-grain diet.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1986

Intracranial lymphosarcoma in a Holstein bull.

A 2-year-old Holstein bull was examined because of decreased appetite. Clinical signs included head tilt, circling, head pressing, ptosis, hypesthesia of the face, and dysfunction of the parasympathetic component of cranial nerve III. Necropsy revealed intracranial lymphosarcoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Clostridium botulinum type B toxicosis in a herd of cattle and a group of mules.

Clostridium botulinum type B toxicosis was diagnosed as the cause of generalized weakness and death in a group of cows and mules fed from the same batch of rye silage. One severely affected cow was treated and recovered, as did other less severely affected cows. All affected mules died. The remaining cattle in the herd were then vaccinated before continued feeding of the silage.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Anaerobic bacteria in 21 horses with pleuropneumonia.

Anaerobic bacteria are important and overlooked bacterial pathogens of the lower respiratory tract in horses. Twenty-one of 46 horses with pleuropneumonia had anaerobic bacteria isolated from pleural fluid or from tracheobronchial aspirate. Bacteroides oralis and B melaninogenicus were the anaerobes most frequently isolated. Survival was significantly less for horses from which anaerobes were isolated than for horses from which anaerobes were not isolated. Putrid odor was associated with the pleural fluid and/or breath in 62% of the horses from which anaerobes were isolated. In these horses, the survival rate was significantly less than for horses from which odoriferous specimens were not isolated.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Choledocholithotripsy in a mare.

Obstructive choledocholithiasis in a 12-year-old mare was corrected surgically by choledocholithotripsy. The mare had a history of chronic weight loss, intermittent fever, partial anorexia, jaundice, recurrent abdominal pain, and an abdominal mass palpable per rectum. Values for alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transferase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, and bromsulpthalein half-life were increased and bilirubinuria was evident before surgery. Two liver biopsies revealed periportal and portal fibrosis, bile duct proliferation, cholestasis, and variable amounts of hepatocellular necrosis, with infiltration by polymorphonuclear cells. Immediate clinical improvement was seen after surgery, and results of selected liver function tests gradually returned to normal. Since surgery, the mare has returned to her normal weight, has remained clinically normal for liver disease for 28 months, and has been useful as a broodmare.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Bilateral bicipital bursitis in a cow.

A 5-year-old Ayrshire cow with severe forelimb lameness of 6 weeks' duration was determined to have bilateral bicipital bursitis. Results of synovial fluid analyses were compatible with nonseptic bursitis. The cow's lameness resolved in 7 days after box stall confinement, parenteral treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and a single intrabursal injection of a combination of methylprednisolone, sodium hyaluronate, and gentamicin sulfate. Lameness had not recurred during the 22 months since discharge.

Animals↗