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Biomedical subjects

T J Divers

Publications and source records attributed to T J Divers.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime in neonatal pony foals.

Serum concentrations of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime were measured in 1-week-old pony foals after IV administration of a single dose of cefotaxime. The cefotaxime disposition data conformed to a two-compartment model with elimination half-life of 0.60 hour. The combined cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime data was best described by a four-compartment model. The apparent half-life describing the disappearance of desacetylcefotaxime was 1.69 hours. Dosage of 40 mg/kg of body weight given IV every 4 to 6 hours for neonatal foals with gram-negative septicemia and every 2 hours for foals with meningitis is recommended for further study.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Renal dysfunction associated with infection of Leptospira interrogans in a horse.

Renal failure associated with infection of Leptospira interrogans was detected in a horse. Fever, leukocytosis, pyuria, isosthenuria, and azotemia were suggestive of an inflammatory urinary tract disease. Despite persistent pyuria, no bacteria were found during routine microscopic examinations or bacteriologic culturing of urine. A fluorescent antibody examination of the urine was positive for L interrogans. Serologic testing during a 6-month period, supported an acute infection with L interrogans serovar pomona. Treatment with intravenously administered fluids and antimicrobials resulted in clinical recovery. Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona has been reported as causing fever, uveitis, or abortion in horses.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1992

Disposition of gentamicin administered intravenously to horses with sepsis.

Plasma concentration of gentamicin was measured 1, 4, and 6 hours after IV administration in 35 hospitalized adult horses on days 1, 3, 5, and 10 of treatment. The mean apparent elimination rate constant beta was 0.53 +/- 0.10 h-1 on day 1 for horses with normal plasma creatinine concentration and 0.41 +/- 0.13 h-1 for horses with abnormally high plasma creatinine concentration. There was no significant difference between beta of the hospitalized horses and of 6 healthy horses treated with gentamicin, but total clearance for the hospitalized horses with normal plasma creatinine concentration was significantly greater than that of the healthy horses and the hospitalized horses with abnormally high plasma creatinine concentration. Gentamicin clearance was significantly correlated with plasma creatinine concentration for healthy horses and hospitalized horses, and beta was significantly correlated with plasma creatinine concentration for hospitalized horses. Twelve of the 35 hospitalized horses required an adjustment in gentamicin dosage. Ten required a reduction, 1 an increase, and 1 a change in dosage and interval with no net change in total daily dose. One horse of 35 (2.9%) developed signs compatible with nephrotoxicosis on day 14 of treatment, despite appropriate gentamicin concentrations on day 10.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Equine glomerulonephritis and renal failure associated with complexes of group-C streptococcal antigen and IgG antibody.

A 12-year-old thoroughbred gelding died from diffuse global glomerulonephritis, 3 months after a lower respiratory infection from which Streptococcus zooepidemicus was isolated. Immunopathological studies (immunofluorescence, immunodiffusion, immunoperoxidase testing and immunoblotting) indicated the presence of an immune reactant renal disease associated with IgG antibody and streptococcal antigens.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Assessment of the urinary system.

History and physical examination alone will most often provide conclusive evidence of urinary tract disorders in ruminants. Detailed examination of the urinary system is described, and examples of disease are presented. Ancillary testing may be indicated to confirm the diagnosis, direct treatment, or clarify the prognosis. Serum chemistry interpretation, urinalysis, urinary tract endoscopy and radiography, ultrasonography, abdominocentesis, and renal biopsy are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Severe masseter myonecrosis in a horse.

A 6-year-old Quarter Horse was examined because of acute, severely swollen masseter muscles (palpation of which elicited pain response), exophthalmos, severe chemosis, and protrusion of the third eyelids. Blood selenium and vitamin E concentrations, and results of feed analysis and muscle biopsy supported a diagnosis of nutritional myopathy. The horse was treated and was clinically normal 2 weeks after discharge from the hospital.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Obstructive nephrolithiasis and ureterolithiasis associated with chronic renal failure in horses: eight cases (1981-1987).

Eight adult horses with obstructive nephrolithiasis and/or ureterolithiasis were examined between 1981 and 1987. One horse had bilateral ureteral obstruction at hospital admission; the others had unilateral ureteral obstruction. All horses had similar bilateral renal pathologic findings that were compatible with chronic intermittent or complete obstruction. Horses were referred for evaluation of weight loss, poor performance, and/or decreased appetite. Clinical findings, laboratory results, and/or postmortem findings in all horses supported the diagnosis of chronic renal failure. Age of the 8 horses varied between 2 and 17 years; 5 of the 8 were between 2 and 3 years old. Seven horses were Thoroughbreds and 1 was a Standardbred. Of the horses examined, 4 were females and 4 were males (2 geldings). Diagnosis of obstructive nephrolithiasis and/or ureterolithiasis was made in all of the hospitalized horses based on examination per rectum and/or renal ultrasonographic findings. Surgical removal of the obstructing calculi was performed in one horse. Although etiopathogenesis could not be proven, histopathologic findings in the kidneys of the horses of our study were suggestive of renal failure secondary to obstructive urinary disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Ultrasonographic findings in horses with cholelithiasis: eight cases (1985-1987).

Cholelithiasis and/or obstructive biliary tract disease was diagnosed ultrasonographically in 8 horses, 5 to 15 years old. Ultrasonographic findings revealed greater than normal amount of hepatic parenchyma in the right side of the abdomen in 8 horses and in the left side in 3 horses. The echogenicity of the liver was greater than normal, and thick distended bile ducts were seen in all horses. Choleliths were imaged ultrasonographically in 6 horses. Subsequently, postmortem findings in 6 horses revealed periportal and intralobular fibrosis, moderate bile duct dilatation, proliferation, and cholestasis. One or more choleliths were found in all horses. Ultrasonographic findings accurately depicted the histologic changes in the hepatic parenchyma in horses with cholelithiasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Protozoal encephalomyelitis in horses: 82 cases (1972-1986).

Medical records of 82 horses with clinical signs of neurologic disease and histologic lesions suggestive of protozoal encephalomyelitis were reviewed. The presence of a protozoan parasite in the CNS was not influenced by prior treatment of the horse with corticosteroids. Prior treatment of horses with trimethoprim-sulfonamide alone or in combination with pyrimethamine resulted in a decreased number of horses in which a protozoan parasite was detected in the CNS at necropsy. The mean age of affected horses was 3.62 +/- 2.78 years, with male and Standardbred horses being overrepresented, compared with that of the hospital population of horses that were studied at the same time.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

The use of parenteral nutrition in calves.

Parenteral nutrition has been an important adjunct to therapy of abdominal diseases in calves, with chronic diarrhea and wasting being the most common indication. Parenteral nutrition is administered on a short-term basis to prevent further protein-energy malnutrition in debilitated calves that cannot or will not consume adequate quantities of milk. Parenteral nutrition solutions consist of a protein source (amino acids) and energy sources (glucose and lipid emulsions), supplemented as needed with balanced electrolytes and vitamins. Complications due to PPN are rare, and it is the authors' clinical impression that survivability is enhanced when PPN is employed, although enhanced survivability was not demonstrated in one controlled experimental trial.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Extrapyramidal side effects caused by fluphenazine decanoate in a horse.

To provide long-term sedation, a horse was given fluphenazine decanoate, a human antipsychotic drug. The horse was progressively agitated and made unusual repetitive motions. Sedation with barbiturates was an effective treatment. This case is not unusual, and the use of fluphenazine by veterinarians in horses as a mild long-acting tranquilizer is not uncommon.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Percutaneous nephrostomy in short-term management of ureterolithiasis and renal dysfunction in a filly.

Percutaneous nephrostomy was used to provide urine output in a 3-year-old Thoroughbred filly with azotemia and obstructive ureterolithiasis. Previous left ureteral surgery had failed to provide clinical improvement, and the filly became more azotemic. Nephrostomy was performed in the standing patient, with ultrasonographic guidance and local anesthesia. Continuing IV fluid therapy and diuresis through the nephrostomy tube resulted in a decrease in clinical signs of azotemia. However, the filly developed a cecal impaction, which ruptured during surgery because of colic, and was euthanatized.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Serratia marcescens septicemia associated with infusion of an amino acid solution in two horses.

Clinical septicemia developed in 2 clinically normal horses after both were administered a portion of an amino acid solution IV. Serratia marcescens was subsequently isolated from blood of both horses. The isolates were shown to be identical on the basis of antibiograms and plasmid biochemistry, incriminating the infusate as the source of bacterial infection. The horses recovered after supportive and antimicrobial treatment.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1989

Mycotic omasitis and rumenitis as sequelae to sepsis in dairy cattle: six cases (1979-1986).

Medical records of 6 cows with mycotic rumenitis or omasitis, but no history of grain engorgement, were reviewed. A diagnosis was made at necropsy in all cows, although the condition was suspected before euthanasia in 3 cows. Common clinical findings included inappetence, rumen stasis, fluid rumen contents, and scant, pasty, or loose feces. Postmortem findings included severe ulcerative rumenitis or omasitis, with thrombosis of blood vessels in the submucosa, and branching, septate fungal hyphae abundant in inflamed tissues. In these cows, mycotic omasitis and rumenitis were thought to be sequelae of sepsis, with reflux of abomasal fluid into the forestomach and broad spectrum antimicrobial therapy as possible predisposing factors for mycotic infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Cholelithiasis in horses: ten cases (1982-1986).

Ten horses with clinical signs consistent with cholelithiasis were evaluated. Fever, icterus, mild intermittent colic, and weight loss were reported. Clinical laboratory abnormalities included leukocytosis, hyper-proteinemia, and hyperfibrinogenemia. Gamma glutamyltransferase and liver isoenzyme of lactate dehydrogenase activities also were high. Choleliths were observed via ultrasonography of the liver in 5 of the 8 horses evaluated, and increased echogenicity of the hepatic parenchyma and dilated bile ducts were observed in all horses. Seven horses were treated medically, 5 of which died or were euthanatized. Three horses were treated surgically, of which only 1 survived. Cholelith composition varied, but cholesterol, calcium bilirubinate, and mixed bile pigments were most commonly observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Nephrolithiasis resulting in intermittent ureteral obstruction in a cow.

Bilateral nephrolithiasis with intermittent ureterolithiasis was diagnosed in a 7-year old Holstein cow. Two episodes of ureterolithiasis resulted in severe azotemia which resolved after spontaneous movement of the stone. A third episode of obstruction one year after the initial episode resulted in rupture of one kidney, necessitating euthanasia. The histopathological examination of the kidney was diagnostic for chronic pyelonephritis. Corynebacterium sp. was cultured from a nephrolith. In this case it is believed that the chronic pyelonephritis predisposed to the calculi formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Variations in serum sorbitol dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase, and isoenzyme 5 of lactate dehydrogenase activities in horses given carbon tetrachloride.

Seven horses were given 0.5 mg of carbon tetrachloride/kg of body weight via a nasogastric tube. Subsequent hepatocellular damage was monitored by serum enzyme determinations of sorbitol dehydrogenase, isoenzyme 5 of lactate dehydrogenase, and aspartate transaminase activities. Creatinine kinase activity was evaluated as an indicator of muscle cell damage. Sorbitol dehydrogenase, isoenzyme 5 of lactate dehydrogenase, and aspartate transaminase activities were significantly (P less than 0.05) increased by 24 hours after carbon tetrachloride administration. Isoenzyme 5 of lactate dehydrogenase and sorbitol dehydrogenase activities returned to baseline several days before aspartate transaminase activity returned to baseline. Creatine kinase activity remained unchanged.

Animals↗