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Biomedical subjects

T Iwai

Publications and source records attributed to T Iwai.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Analysis of reruptured cerebral aneurysms and the prophylactic effects of barbiturate therapy on the early stage.

During the past seven years, we have studied 661 cases of ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Rebleeding occurred in 65 cases (10%) and, within this group, 43 cases (70%) rebled within the first 6 hours after initial subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Analysis of these 43 cases led to the following conclusions: 22 patients incurred rebleeding from causes such as transfer (6 cases), neuroradiological examinations (13 cases), and tracheal intubation during anaesthesia etc. (3 cases), while no special causative factors were discovered in the other 21 cases. Rebleeding occurred in 19 patients even while on absolute bed rest and in 11 patients who had induced systemic arterial hypotension (under 140 mmHg) through treatment. Six cases experienced rebleeding while undergoing angiography within 6 hours after the first subarachnoid haemorrhage. Eight of 17 reruptured anterior cerebral complex (Acom) aneurysm cases and 8 of 11 reruptured middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm cases had an intracerebral haematoma on initial CT-scan following the first attack, demonstrating that the risk of rebleeding was very high in cases of intracerebral haematoma. The mortality rate for these rebleeding cases was high i.e. 65%. Therefore, because the time factor could precipitate rebleeding, early transfer and operation was considered optimal for minimizing rebleeding soon after an aneurysm rupture, even though angiography within 6 hours of the first SAH was a serious risk. Barbiturate therapy, performed as early as possible for serious cases, was considered to be effective in preventing rebleeding.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Studies on bacterial contamination of chlorhexidine coated filaments of the toothbrush].

The purpose of the present investigation was to determine bacterial contamination of chlorhexidine coated and uncoated (normal) nylon filaments of toothbrushes. Ten healthy subjects were employed in this study and the test toothbrush of four lines and thirty-eight tufts were used twice a day. Test periods were 1, 8, and 20 days for each filaments of toothbrush and after they brushed the used toothbrush was kept at the constant condition (20 degrees C, 65% RH). After each test period, those toothbrushes were immediately collected and kept at the same condition for drying. After 0, 3, 6, 9, and 24 hours of drying, two tufts of filaments were pulled out from the toothbrush and cutted into two parts (end- and root-side of tufts) by sterile scissors. Each cutted part of filaments was washed with PBS and the aliquots was incubated on Brucella blood agar plate at 37 degrees C for 48 hours. The number of bacteria attached to filaments was enumerated. The results were as follows: 1. The number of bacteria attached to both end- and root-sides of chlorhexidine coated filaments decreased with the time of drying. 2. At the root-side of the normal filaments, the number of contaminated bacteria increased with the test periods. 3. The isolated bacteria from tested toothbrushes were mainly gram positive at shorter period, however, gram negative rods were also found at longer period. 4. The anti-bacterial activity of the end-side of chlorhexidine coated filaments diminished at eight days of the use, however, their activity at the root-side still remained even at twenty days. From these results, it was clear that the bacterial contamination of toothbrush was affected by several factors such as the condition of drying, the site of tufts, the using period of toothbrush and so on. To prevent this problem, it is important to keep it at good storage condition and to change it periodically. The developed chlorhexidine coated filaments of the toothbrush also indicates to be one of the useful way for prevention of bacterial contamination of toothbrush.

Chlorhexidine↗
PubMed1989

[Evaluation of the extended operation in stage 4 esophageal cancer].

For the last four years, 174 cases of thoracic esophageal cancer have been resected in our department. Stage 4 cancer cases were encountered in 73 cases (42%) of total resected cancer cases. As the location of lesion, 1m was most frequent in 52%, followed by Ei in 23%. The 2-year and 3-year survival rate were 25% and 17% respectively. Analyzing 73 cases of stage 4 cancer, a0-2n3,4 was found in 52 cases (71%), a3n0-2 12(16%), a3n3,4 7(10%) and M1 2(3%). Invasion to the trachea and bronchi was seen in 11 and that to the aorta was in 7. As for surgical procedures, the combined resection of the aorta was performed in two cases. The postoperative course was smooth, however, the prolonged survival was not obtained due to the recurrence of cancer. The lymph node metastasis was widely observed in the cervical region, mediastinum and abdominal cavity. The thoracic paratracheal lymph node metastasis was the most frequent. The lymph node dissection was necessary in these three regions. Especially the sufficient dissection in the upper mediastinal lymph nodes, that is, the right recurrent nerve nodes, the left recurrent nodes and the infraaortic arch nodes, was very important.

Aorta↗
PubMed1988

Stimulatory effect of vanadate on hyaluronic acid synthesis in mesothelial cells from rabbit pericardium.

Vanadate dose-dependently stimulated the incorporation of [3H]glucosamine into glycosaminoglycan, especially hyaluronic acid, in mesothelial cells from rabbit pericardium. The activity of hyaluronic acid synthase in the mesothelial cells treated with 50 microM vanadate for 0.5-1 h was stimulated to a level about 2 times over that of the control. Neither DNA synthesis nor protein synthesis in the mesothelial cells under the same experimental conditions was affected. The enhancement of the activity of hyaluronic acid synthase in the mesothelial cells treated with vanadate (50 microM) was not inhibited by the addition of cycloheximide (1 microgram/ml). These results suggest that vanadate stimulates the hyaluronic acid synthesis by activation of hyaluronic acid synthase in mesothelial cells from rabbit pericardium.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Popliteal vein entrapment caused by the third head of the gastrocnemius muscle.

Three cases of the popliteal vein entrapment syndrome have been encountered during the past 3 years. The third head of the gastrocnemius muscle appeared to be the cause of this rare condition with the vessels in their normal position. Partial resection of the excess muscle was sufficient to relieve symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Pathological considerations of reoperative vascular patients.

Since vascular disease is always progressive and a perfect vascular prosthesis has yet to be developed, postoperative complications are almost inevitable. In this paper, case histories of those who had to have a second operation or, in other words, re-operated patients, have been examined to ascertain the current problems in vascular surgery. Of 176 vascular reconstructive operations performed between January 1, 1980, and December 31, 1986, 29 re-operations were performed on 19 patients (mean age: 64 years; 15: male). The incidence of late graft failures was 8.4% and, of these, anastomotic aneurysms seemed to be the most serious complication (3.1% incidence rate). Late graft failures included intimal hyperplasia, occurring within two years in five cases, and four cases of progressing atherosclerosis, which appeared three years after the initial operation. In all cases of anastomotic aneurysm, arterial wall failure, possibly combined with the changing of implanted grafts, was considered to be related to the false aneurysmal formation. Knitted Dacron demonstrated susceptibility to atherosclerotic progression, whereas the major fault of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts was the insufficiency of the anastomotic diameter. In conclusion, it was revealed that many factors can provoke late graft failure. Improvement of long-term patency seems to be achieved by a more increased understanding of the pathological meaning of these factors, along with the proper application of medical techniques suited to the causes of vascular obstruction.

Aneurysm↗