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Biomedical subjects

T Ishida

Publications and source records attributed to T Ishida.

At least 1,009 records · Page 56Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Clinical study on the effect of chemotherapy in the treatment of pancreatic cancer].

The effect of chemotherapy in the treatment of pancreatic cancer was evaluated on the basis of prognosis in 299 patients treated at the Kobe University Hospital and the Interhospital Cooperative Study Group for Multidisciplinary Approaches to Treatment of Pancreatic and Biliary Cancer. One hundred forty-three patients with pancreatic cancer were treated with a number of chemotherapeutic agents, while ninety-eight patients did not receive any chemotherapy. There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics between the two groups. The treated patients had a median survival time of 6 months and a one-year cumulative survival rate of 25.3%. These were significantly different compared with figures of 3 months and 9.5% for non-treated control patients. A chemotherapy regimen consisting of fluoropyrimidines was also confirmed to be effective. These results suggest that the chemotherapeutic approach appears quite promising and is effective for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1988

Structure-activity relationship of aldose reductase inhibitors based on X-ray crystal structures of oxazolecarbamate derivatives.

In order to elucidate the key atoms and/or stereostructures necessary for the inhibitory emergence of aldose reductase, crystal structure determinations were carried out for 11 oxazolecarbamate analogues, which have similar chemical and physicochemical properties but different inhibitory activities. The molecular conformations, revealed by X-ray analyses, were also ascertained to be energetically stable from theoretical conformational energy calculations. A surprising degree of conformational similarity was observed for the potent inhibitors. The analyses of the quantitative structure--activity relationships showed that the molecular conformation and the dipole moment, as well as the hydrophobicity at the oxazole C5-site, were important for high activity.

Aldehyde Reductase↗
PubMed1988

Isolation of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis from water.

In recent years, a number of sporadic or community infections of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis were observed in several mountain area of Okayama Prefecture, Japan. Epidemiological observations strongly suggested that drinking water in those areas, i.e. non-chlorinated water from mountain stream or wells, must be the source of the infection, so we examined the waters from the epidemic areas to detect the organisms. The examinations revealed the germs in the waters; the contamination rate of water from the northern areas is higher than that from the southern urban regions. The isolation procedures for the germs were also studied and improved. The media added with blood or hemin proved to be better for isolation of the organism.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1988

Three outbreaks of yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection.

Three outbreaks of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection during 1982 to 1984 in Okayama Prefecture, Japan are described. In outbreak A, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis a causal organism was detected in 16 patients (serotype 5A). The latent period of the infection was 2 to 20 days estimating, from time of ingesting food suspected of being contaminated and onset of the illness. Outbreak B and C occurred in remote mountain areas. In outbreak B, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis bacilli were detected in the feces of 35 out of 276 people (serotype 4B in 34 stools, 2C and 4B in one stool). In outbreak C, 12 children became sick; one of the 4 patients whose stools were examined, showed an organism belonging to serotype 4B. The inhabitants in the area of outbreak B and C took unchlorinated mountain stream and well water for drinking. After the outbreak B and C, we examined water and wild animals fecea in these areas for the bacilli. As a result, they were detected in 3 out of 51 water samples (serotype 4A in one, 6 in 2 samples) and 2 out of 57 wild animal fecal samples (serotype 2C in 2 samples) in B area, and 4 out of 33 water samples (serotype 4A in 2, 4B in 2 samples) in C area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Measurements of active and passive force of horizontal muscles in strabismus.

A precision device was developed for quantitative measurement of the active and passive forces of the horizontal muscles in several different types of strabismus. The device consists of a tension gauge for measuring isometric muscle tension (active force) and passive length-tension (passive force), and a circular-motion guide mechanism. In normal subjects, the active force showed nearly linear changes with the eye position, as was reported in past studies. A similar relationship between the active force and the eye position was observed also in strabismus patients in our study. Normal subjects showed a stronger force in the medial than the lateral rectus muscle. Among strabismus patients, those with normal retinal correspondence (NRC)-intermittent exotropia showed a force closest to that of the normal controls. However, the force of the lateral rectus muscle was significantly greater in those with constant exotropia than in the normal controls. The active force of the medial rectus muscle was significantly smaller in those with dual retinal correspondence (DRC)-intermittent exotropia and constant exotropia. Conversely, the active force of the medial rectus muscle was significantly greater in those with esotropia, compared with the normal group. As for the passive force, there was no significant difference between the temporal passive force and the nasal passive force in the normal and esotropic groups, but the temporal passive force was significantly greater in the esotropic group. The magnitude of the force was greater in both directions when traction was applied against the muscle having the stronger active force. These results suggest that the lateral rectus muscle force is relatively stronger in patients with DRC-intermittent exotropia due to a weakness of the medial rectus muscle force, and that the absolute strength of the lateral rectus muscle force is increased in patients with constant exotropia, but in NRC-intermittent exotropia the muscle forces are almost normal. Those with esotropia are considered to have an absolute increase in the medial rectus muscle force.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[An experimental study of PGE1 infusion into the liver circulation].

The present study was performed to determine the effects of PGE1 on the liver circulations. Adult mongrel dogs were used for this experimental study. Following the continuous infusion of PGE1 to the hepatic artery (HA) and portal vein (PV), the change of hepatic arterial flow (HAF) and portal venous flow (PVF) was measured by the electromagnetic flow meter, and hepatic tissue flow (HTF) by the hydrogen clearance meter. Hepatic enzymes were also measured at the same time. A single infusion of saline was done for the control. HAF and HTF increased significantly by the continuous infusion of over 0.5ng/Kg/min of PGE1 to HA. PVF and HTF also showed an increase by the continuous infusion of 100ng/Kg/min of PGE1 to PV. Compared with the control group, lactate acid and pyruvate acid levels remained low in the PGE1 infused group. The optimum dose of PGE1 to HA was thought to be 1.0-2.0ng/Kg/min. The results of experimental studies suggest that the direct infusion of PGE1 to the liver may prevent the ischemic change of hepatic metabolism during and after the surgical interventions.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1988

[A clinicopathological study of multiple thyroid carcinomas].

Thyroid cancers associated with multiple cancerous lesions that were detected by clinical and/or histological examination, namely, multiple thyroid carcinomas have been studied clinicopathologically. Of 443 cases of primary thyroid cancers, 111 (25%) had multiple cancerous lesions. Histologically, most multiple cancers consisted of papillary carcinomas. In 66% of the cases, the size of the second cancer was 1.0 cm or less. Fifty-three percent of multiple cancers were located in both the right and left thyroid lobes. Therefore, it is important to examine the contralateral lobe at operation to be certain that there are no other nodular lesions. Since lymph node metastasis was positive in 83% of the cases, it is necessary to perform bilateral neck dissection in multiple cancer cases of not only the bilateral but also of the unilateral type.

Carcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of mass screening for thyroid cancer.

Mass screening for detecting both thyroid and breast cancer in adult women was carried out in Gunma Prefecture, Japan, between 1980 and 1986. The total number of subjects during the seven years was 152,651. The first screening was by inspection and palpation using experienced surgeons. Thyroid abnormalities were found in 5,902 subjects (3.9%) and 3,804 (2.5%) were required to attend a second examination. Thyroid carcinoma was detected in a total of 216 subjects, a detection rate of 0.14%. The detection rate for thyroid cancer was twice as high at the initial screening (0.19%) than that at subsequent periodic screenings (0.09%). Histological classifications of the detected thyroid cancers were: papillary carcinoma, 189 cases (87.5%); follicular carcinoma, 26 (12%); medullary carcinoma, 1 (0.5%). Eighty-seven percent of the thyroid cancers were asymptomatic at the time of screening. The tumor size were 2 cm or less in 126 patients (58.3%). Thyroid cancer detected by mass screening was revealed at an earlier stage and showed a significantly better survival rate compared to that of our usual outpatients. As differentiated carcinoma has been found at a higher incidence by mass screening, the program is useful for the early detection and treatment of thyroid cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[A clinico-pathological study regarding the incidence of intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions (ICI) in cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma].

Intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions (ICI) in 38 cases of thyroid papillary carcinomas have been studied as to the relationship between the frequency of ICI and the clinical, histological, and cytological findings of the carcinoma. ICI were present in all cases. The frequency of ICI in the cases studied ranged from +/- (one per several fields) to ¿ (more than ten per one field), using a microscope of 400 magnifications, and from 1.3% to 11.6% (mean value: 3.9%) of the nuclei of the carcinomas. The frequency of ICI was found to be influenced by the state of the nuclear chromatin and pleomorphism, but was not influenced by the papillary or follicular tumor growth. The relationship between the frequency of ICI and the tumor size and the existence of lymph-nodes metastasis, however, was not clarified.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Stress distribution in mandible induced by occlusal force in different horizontal mandibular positions].

The objective of this study was to investigate the stress distribution in the mandible induced by occlusal forces in a various different horizontal mandibular positions identified as neutroclusion, distoclusion, mesioclusion, and laterally shifted occlusion. A three dimensional Finite Element Method (3D-FEM) was applied to an artificial model of a simulated mandible constructed as a homogeneous, isotropic and elastic body. This model was divided into 480 elements with 785 nodes. The right and left heads of the mandibular condyles and the occlusal surfaces of the posterior teeth of the model were restrained. These restraints acted against the loading of the masticatory forces which consisted of a pair of masseter, temporal, and also the lateral and medial pterygoid muscles. The stress distributions analyzed by 3D-FEM were graphically demonstrated on a three dimensional display system. The data obtained were summarized as follows: I. Neutroclusion (1) Tensile stress appeared along the anterior border of the ramus, and compressive stress appeared along the angular portion of the ramus. (2) Compressive and tensile stress appeared on the external and the internal surfaces of the anterior portion of the mandibular body. II. Distoclusion and mesioclusion (1) As the position of the mandible was moved distally, the absolute values of the stress tended to increase on the same areas which is the external and the internal surfaces of the anterior portion of the mandibular body. (2) Compressive stress which appeared on the occlusal surfaces of the posterior teeth was very great in distoclusion. At the same time, the stress that appeared on the heads of the mandibular condyle was also great in mesioclusion. III. Right laterally shifted occlusion (1) Tensile stress appeared along the left sides of both of the left and right rami, and compressive stress appeared along the right side of both of the left and right rami. (2) A great amount of stress appeared on the left occlusal surfaces of the posterior teeth and on the left portion of the mandibular body. From these results, it was determined probably that the mandibular morphogenesis was influenced by a series of stress factors which were induced by the forces of the masticatory muscles.

Bite Force↗
PubMed1988

[Two cases of a lipid-secreting carcinoma of the breast].

Two very rare cases of a lipid-secreting carcinoma of the breast are reported, and a review of the pertinent literature. The patients were both women, aged 70 and 81, respectively. Both of their clinical stagings were T2aN1aM0, stage II., and radical mastectomies were performed. On examination of the resected specimens, the tumors did not differ from the general findings of breast cancer. Microscopically, H-E stain showed the tumor cells to have a foamy and vacuolated eosinophilic cytoplasm. Lipid stain and an electron microscopic study were performed and showed that the tumor cells contained large amounts of neutral lipid droplets in their cytoplasm.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[Local forms of the treatment of recurrent breast cancer].

Recurrent breast cancer was classified into the following three groups; I: local skin (chest wall) recurrence including regional lymph nodes (61 cases), II: distant metastasis (93 cases), and III: local plus distant metastasis (33 cases). In this study, the results and evaluation of local forms of treatment for these recurrent breast cancers were analysed. Radiation therapy and surgical resection were mainly used for 61 patients with local recurrence at the primary site (32 skin, 24 lymph node and 5 skin plus lymph node). In most cases, however, various systemic treatments were combined or given consecutively. Response rate to radiation was high. The five-year survival rate after therapy for recurrence was 17% for radiation, 24% for resection with or without combination therapy and 14% for combined or other treatments. Surgical resection produced more long-term surviving patients. The solitary large nodule type of skin recurrence showed better prognosis than multiple small nodules or the diffusely infiltrating type. Recently, wide excision of the anterior breast wall with reconstruction has been performed and this contributes to improving the quality of life and survival. In addition, it is important that local treatment for recurrent breast cancer should be conducted along with a multidisciplinary approach using systemic combination therapy.

Adult↗