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Biomedical subjects

T Ishida

Publications and source records attributed to T Ishida.

At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Physicochemical properties of dexamethasone palmitate, a high fatty acid ester of an anti-inflammatory drug: polymorphism and crystal structure.

Two polymorphic crystalline forms of dexamethasone palmitate were obtained from acetone (Form A) and n-heptane (Form B), and characterized by X-ray powder patterns and IR spectra. The crystal structure of Form B was further analyzed by the X-ray diffraction method. The molecular conformation of the hydrocarbon chain was shown to be fully extended and nearly at right angles to the dexamethasone ring. A definite separation between the lipophilic and hydrophilic rows, which consist of palmityl and dexamethasone layers, respectively, was evident in the crystal structure. Utilizing the conformational and molecular packing similarities between dexamethasone palmitate and phospholipid molecules, a possible interaction mode between them is proposed and outlined in this paper.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1989

Sarcoma-180 cells are more sensitive to heat than are mouse normal tissues: esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, spleen, and kidney.

Sensitivity of various mouse tissues to heat was determined using mouse sarcoma-180 (S-180) cells and normal tissues: esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, spleen, and kidney. The in vitro succinate dehydrogenase inhibition (SDI) test was used. The succinate dehydrogenase (SD) activity of tissue fragments was assayed, following exposure to a temperature of 43 degrees C (heat treatment) or 37 degrees C (control) for 1, 2, 5, or 10 hr. The sensitivity to heat treatment was estimated by the percentage of SD activity of the heat-treated cells, compared to that of the control cells. The decrease in SD activity following exposure to heat varied with the tissue. The SD activity decreased to a greater extent in the S-180 cells than in the normal tissues. In the normal tissues, the order of sensitivity to heat was stomach, spleen, large intestine, small intestine, esophagus, kidney and liver. These results show that hyperthermia is tissue selective, hence heat treatment of a malignant lesion should be carefully designed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Surgical treatment of patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung: a histochemical and immunohistochemical study.

Thirty-three patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung were treated surgically, and immunohistochemistry of the cell differentiations was examined in detail. The overall 5-year survival rate was 38% and the rates in patients with stage I or stage III were 57% and 11%, respectively (P less than 0.05). Survival rates in patients with the oat cell type and intermediate type were 24% and 44%, respectively, but with no significant difference. This carcinoma seemed to originate from primitive multipotential stem cells, i.e., those of a neuroendocrine or epithelial nature. Histochemically and immunohistochemically, argyrophilic granules and neuron-specific enolase, neuroendocrine markers, were detected more frequently in the oat cell type rather than in the intermediate type. In contrast, keratin, epithelial membrane antigen, and carcinoembryonic antigen, epithelial origin markers, were present more frequently in the intermediate type than in oat cell type. However, the difference was significant only in case of detection of argyrophilic granules and the carcinoembryonic antigen (P less than 0.05). Our current recommendation is that surgical resection should be done in the earlier stage in both subtypes. A more favorable prognosis can be expected when adjuvant chemotherapy is prescribed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the tracheobronchial tree: clinicopathology and immunohistochemistry.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the tracheobronchial tree in five patients was treated surgically and the clinicopathologic manifestations and histogenesis were examined in detail. Symptoms such as cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, and atelectasis on chest X-ray were present in four patients, and the other patient was asymptomatic. Histologically, growth patterns were classified as tubular, cribriform, and solid. The solid pattern was the most aggressive with extensive perineural invasion. Immunohistochemically, secretory component, lactoferrin, and epithelial membrane antigen were present in the cells lining the gland-like lumen of tissues with the tubular and cribriform patterns, but was rare in those with a solid pattern. Desmin and S-100 protein were detected in the nonlining cells of tissues with all three patterns. These findings suggest that this tumor originates from the myoepithelial cells of the bronchial gland and that the solid pattern was the most poorly differentiated form.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Arteriovenous malformation of the spinal cord. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the intramedullary abnormal vessels.

We report a case of spinal arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in which detailed morphological examination of the intramedullary vascular lesion was carried out employing serial section studies. The relationship of the malformation to parenchymal lesions was evaluated. An abnormal vessel at the spinomedullary transition, whose lamina elastica was partially interrupted, was suggestive of a shunt vessel. The location of the intramedullary abnormal vessels and foci of softening of the spinal cord almost overlapped in distribution. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the intramedullary abnormal vessels demonstrated marked elongation and tortuosity of the original vascular architecture and they ended in the extramedullary abnormal vessels with thickened wall. Thus, our study showed that the intramedullary abnormal vessels were the result of secondary changes subsequent to pressure and volume overload inflicted upon the spinal venous system through AVM. Compression by tortuous elongation of the intramedullary vessels is the apparent cause of the parenchymal softening. A traumatic factor in the aetiology of the AVM was also discussed, since the patient had had two preceding episodes of traffic accidents with cranial and lumbar injury. Trauma seemed to be significant factor as a trigger of symptoms.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Inflammatory pseudotumor of the lung in adults: radiographic and clinicopathological analysis.

Inflammatory pseudotumors of the lung are rare in adults. We treated 7 patients with such tumors and describe the histological evidence, radiographic findings, and surgical treatment. In 5 patients, lung cancer was suspected preoperatively on the basis of the radiographic findings. Intraoperatively, the gross appearance of the pleura resembled lung cancer in 6 patients; the parietal pleura was involved in 3, and pleural indentation was present in the other 3. Two patients underwent partial resection, as the frozen section revealed a benign tumor, and 5 patients underwent lobectomy for what appeared to be lung cancer or a large mass. All of the patients are doing well without other therapy. We believe the lesion should be differentiated from lung cancer at operation by frozen sections, even though this proved pertinent in only 2 of the 7 patients. Limited resection is recommended if the lesion is an inflammatory pseudotumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Longer survival after resection of non-small cell lung cancer in Japanese women.

From 1974 to 1988, 492 patients (361 male and 131 female) with non-small cell lung cancer underwent pulmonary resection at our department. A retrospective study was done with special reference to the sex of the patients. There was no sex-related association with age distribution, operation, pathological T or N status, or staging. On the other hand, 77.9% of women had an adenocarcinoma and only 44.6% of men had this type of lesion. This was considered at least partly a result of sex difference in smoking habits. Women survived for a significantly longer time (p = 0.0036), and this difference could not be explained by differences in histological type. Presumably, hormonal factor(s) may contribute to the prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Phenotypic characterization of lymphokine-activated killer cells from human lymph node lymphocytes.

We previously reported that lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity can be generated in human lymph node lymphocytes (LNL) at the same level as that in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), despite the absence of active natural killer (NK) cells. In the present study, we investigated the surface phenotype of LNL-LAK cells by fractionation of lymphocytes, using a panning method. LNL isolated from lung cancer patients were cultured in the presence of recombinant interleukin 2 for 8 days and separated into T cells and non-T cells according to the expression of CD3 antigen. LAK effectors were enriched in the CD3- non-T cells. However, the CD3+ cells also mediated a low but substantial level of LAK activity, which was attributed to a CD8+ T-cell subset. Further investigation of the CD3- cells revealed that most of the CD3- effector cells expressed neither B-cell (CD20) nor NK-cell (CD16) markers. Precursors of this CD3-CD20-CD16- (null) population appeared to be also CD3-, CD20-, and CD16-. From these results, we would stress the significant contribution of CD3-CD20-CD16- null cells to the LAK phenomenon, which has not been focused on in PBL.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Induction of twinning in crossbred heifers by ipsilateral frozen embryo transfer.

Induction of twinning by means of nonsurgical ipsilateral transfer of two frozen embryos or of demi-embryos was attempted in 297 virgin crossbred dairy heifers that were kept at the following locations: in stables at our breeding station (Group 1), in a mountain field (Group 2) and at a private farm (Group 3). Of these, 187 heifers (63%) were diagnosed pregnant at 25 d after embryo transfer and 134 heifers (45%) were diagnosed pregnant at 60 d after transfer by ultrasonic echography or by palpation per rectum. At calving, 118 heifers produced 46 sets of twins and 72 single calves, for a total of 164 calves sixteen pregnant heifers aborted fetuses between 2 and 7 mo. The pregnancy rate of Group 1 (39%) was lower than that of Group 2 (48%) or Group 3 (50%). Abortion and mortality rates for Group 3 (8% and 8%, respectively) were significantly lower (P<0.05) than for Group 1 (16% and 12%) or Group 2 (13% and 18%). Twin calves had lower birth weights (P<0.05) than singles, but at 270 to 330 d of age, there was no significant difference between the weights of single and twin calves. Dystocia or difficult delivery was not observed heifers producing twins. Retention of the placenta was observed in twin calving heifers, with placenta retention levels the highest in Group 2 (33%) than followed by Group 1 (14%) and Group 3 (10%). When gestation periods were compared between single and twin calves in Groups 1 and 2, the gestation period of single calves was 5.0 to 7.0 d shorter than that of twin calves. No significant difference was observed between the gestation periods of single and twin births in Group 3.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

Feline immunodeficiency virus infection.

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) (formerly feline T-lymphotropic lentivirus or FTLV) was first isolated from a group of cats in Petaluma, California in 1986. The virus is a typical lentivirus in gross and structural morphology. It replicates preferentially but not exclusively in feline T-lymphoblastoid cells, where it causes a characteristic cytopathic effect. The major structural proteins are 10, 17 (small gag), 28 (major core), 31 (endonuclease?), 41 (transmembrane?), 52 (core precursor polyprotein), 54/62 (reverse transcriptase?), and 110/130 (major envelope) kilodaltons in size. The various proteins are antigenically distinguishable from those of other lentiviruses, although serum from EIAV-infected horses will cross-react with some FIV antigens. Kittens experimentally infected with FIV manifest a transient (several days to 2 weeks) fever and neutropenia beginning 4 to 8 weeks after inoculation. This is associated with a generalized lymphadenopathy that persists for up to 9 months. Most cats recover from this initial phase of the disease and become lifelong carriers of the virus. Complete recovery does not occur to any extent in nature or in the laboratory setting. One experimentally infected cat died from a myeloproliferative disorder several months after infection. The terminal AIDS-like phase of the illness has been seen mainly in naturally infected cats. It appears a year or more following the initial infection in an unknown proportion of infected animals. FIV has been identified in cats from all parts of the world. It is most prevalent in high density populations of free roaming cats (feral and pet), and is very uncommon in closed purebred catteries. Male cats are twice as likely to become infected as females. Older male cats adopted as feral or stray animals are at the highest risk of infection, therefore. The infection rate among freely roaming cats rises throughout life, and reaches levels ranging from less than 1% to 12% or more depending on the area. Clinically affected cats tend to be 5 years or older at the time of hospitalization. Experimental and seroepidemiologic studies suggest that FIV is transmitted mainly by bites. Intimate, non-traumatic contact (mutual grooming, shared use of food, water and litter pans) is inefficient in transmitting the infection. In utero and venereal transmission could not be demonstrated in laboratory settings. There is no statistical linkage between FIV and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infections in nature. The FeLV infection rate in FIV-infected animals is the same as it is for non-FIV-infected cats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Implication of activation of intraperitoneal macrophages with bio-degradable microspheres.

To estimate the possibility that biological degradable starch microspheres (DMS) activate abdominal or intraperitoneal macrophages (IMP), two sizes of DMS (Spherex, Pharmacia, Sweden) were injected into the peritoneum of the ICR mice of 4 to 8 weeks of age. Three days after the injection, peritoneal fluid was collected and incubated for one hour at 37 degrees C under 5% CO2. The cells which adhered to the petri dish were IMP, to which DMS was added for 18 hrs. The cultured IMP were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the ratio of the active type to the total number of IMP was counted as an index of the effect of DMS to IMP. The activation effect of DMS on the incubated IMP was significant in the group which was cultured with 2 microns DMS after the 45 microns DMS injection. That indicated the possible DMS function as a potential IMP activating factor (MAF).

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Radiation therapy for brain stem tumor with special reference to CT feature and prognosis correlations.

Seventy-nine patients with tumors of the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain treated by radiation therapy between 1962 and 1987 were analyzed. According to histology obtained in 28 cases, 61% were high-grade astrocytomas and 39% were low-grade astrocytomas. The 5- and 10-year survival rates of 71 patients who completed radiotherapy were 17 and 15%, respectively. Various potential prognostic factors were analyzed, and patients with a midbrain tumor, with a low-grade tumor, and without cranial nerve paresis were found to have a better prognosis. Computed tomography (CT) was performed both before and after radiotherapy on 42 patients. The volume of the tumor estimated from the CT image was various, but the tumors could be classified into three types according to the pattern of contrast enhancement (CE). Twenty-three tumors showed no CE, 15 showed a diffuse CE, and 4 showed a ring CE. No-CE tumors were generally hypodense on plain scan and were mostly large, whereas diffuse- or ring-CE tumors were relatively small. A complete response (CR) or partial response was obtained with 77% of the no-CE tumors, 64% of the diffuse-CE tumors, and 50% of the ring-CE tumors. The CR rate was higher in the tumors with a smaller volume. The 5-year survival rates for diffuse-CE, no-CE, and ring-CE tumors were 33, 15, and 0%, respectively. The 5-year survival rate was 56% for tumors smaller than 6 cm3, 16% for tumors between 6 and 20 cm3, and 0% for tumors larger than 20 cm3. In conclusion, (a) ring-CE tumors exhibited a poor prognosis; and (b) a diffuse-CE tumor, or a small or middle-sized no-CE tumor is most likely to be controlled by conventional radiation therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Granular cell ameloblastoma. A rare variant.

A rare case of granular cell ameloblastoma in the anterior mandible of a 59-year-old man has been studied by light and electron microscopy. In some areas, the tumor was very similar to an oncocytoma (oxyphilic adenoma). Almost all tumor cells were full of eosinophilic granules, whereas in the common type of granular cell ameloblastoma, only the cells located in the central portion of the tumor are granular.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1989

Human chorionic gonadotropin in colorectal cancer and its relationship to prognosis.

The presence of human chorionic gonadotropin in large bowel cancers was studied immunohistochemically using an immunoperoxidase technique. HCG-positive tumour cells were present in 42 of 194 adenocarcinomas examined (22.0% of colon cancer and 21.2% of rectal cancers). On histological grading, the hCG-positive rate tended to rise as the degree of differentiation decreased. HCG was detected more frequently in cancers invading the total bowel wall (27%) than in those invading the partial wall (17.1%). Lymph node, liver or peritoneal metastases were present more frequently in hCG-positive tumours than in hCG-negative tumours. Furthermore, there was an intimate correlation between the presence of hCG-positive tumour cells and CEA doubling times in nine cases with untreated liver metastasis. The survival rate for patients with tissue hCG-positive cells was lower than for those with hCG-negative tumours. Thus, the presence of tissue hCG in colorectal cancers may be a biological marker of prognostic significance.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

The specific guanine binding site of the ribonuclease T1 family enzymes and of G-proteins is modeled in the cocrystal formed by 7-methylguanosine-5'-phosphate and phenylalanine.

In the cocrystal formed by 7-methylguanosine-5'-phosphate.phenylalanine.6H2O, the interactions between guanine and phenylalanine are similar to those observed in the complex of ribonuclease T1 with 2'-guanylic acids, and those of the two G-proteins, Elongation Factor-Tu and ras oncogene p21, with GDP. They are similar in the following three points: (a) guanine N(1)H and N(2)H donate cyclic N-H...O hydrogen bonds to the carboxylate group of phenylalanine in the former cocrystal and to the side chain carboxylate group of Asp or Glu in the latter proteins, (b) O(6) of guanine accepts hydrogen bond(s) from main-chain NH group(s), and (c) the purine moiety is sandwiched between aromatic (or hydrophobic) amino acid side chains.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1989

Mass screening for breast cancer: comparison of the clinical stages and prognosis of breast cancer detected by mass screening and in out-patient clinics.

To establish the criteria for assessing the life-prolonging effect of mass screening for breast cancer, clinical stage and prognosis of breast cancer detected by mass screening in 11 regions of Japan were compared with those for matched patients in out-patient clinics. A total of 728 patients detected by mass screening and 1,450 found in the out-patient clinics were reviewed. The stage of the disease was Tis or I in 40.9% of the patients detected by mass screening, and 28.7% of those found in the out-patient clinics. In contrast, stage III was found in 9.3% and 14.6%, respectively, indicating that early stages were significantly more common in the patients detected by mass screening. The overall survival curve for the patients detected by mass screening was compared with that for those found in the out-patient clinics. The 5-year survival rate was significantly higher in the patients detected by mass screening (91.7% vs. 85.6%; P less than 0.01), while the 10-year survival rate was slightly higher in the same group of patients, but the difference from the other group was not significant (80.5% vs. 78.1%). Women who had conducted breast self-examination (BSE) showed a higher survival rate than those who had not conducted BSE.

Breast Neoplasms↗