Biomedical subjects

T Hirose

Publications and source records attributed to T Hirose.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources

PubMed1989

The spontaneous electrical and mechanical activity of human bronchial smooth muscle: its modulation by drugs.

1. Tissue taken at operation was used to study the electrical and mechanical properties of human bronchial smooth muscle with intracellular microelectrodes and isometric recording of tension changes. 2. Over 90% of the muscle strips exhibited spontaneous tone and 70% produced spontaneous phasic contractions. The resting membrane potential of the smooth muscle cells ranged between -40 to -50 mV with a mean value of -44.9 +/- 5.2 mV (n = 92 +/- s.d.). Spontaneous oscillations of the membrane potential (slow waves) were observed in 90% of the cells examined. 3. The electrical slow waves, phasic contractions and spontaneous tone were greatly reduced by FPL 55712 (10(-6)-10(-5) M). Indomethacin (1-5 x 10(-5) M), atropine (10(-6) M) or a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, AA 861 (5 x 10(-6) M) each reduced spontaneous mechanical tone. Indomethacin and atropine each caused minor reduction in the amplitude of electrical slow waves. 4. Leukotriene C4 (10(-8) M), physostigmine (10(-6) M) and K+-rich physiological salt-solution (containing atropine 10(-6) M) each caused tone development in tissue treated with AA 861 (5 x 10(-6) M). In the case of leukotriene C4 and physostigmine, phasic contractions were superimposed on the developed tone. 5. Electrical field stimulation evoked an excitatory junction potential (e.j.p.) followed by a small group of slow waves. Repetitive field stimulation (2-20 stimuli at 20 Hz) markedly enhanced the amplitude of oscillatory slow waves. FPL 55712 (1.9 x 10(-6) M) abolished the oscillatory slow waves following the e.j.p., and physostigmine (10(-6) M) enhanced the amplitude of the e.j.p. and slow waves. 6. These results indicate that, under in vitro conditions, the electrical activity of human bronchial smooth muscle comprises slow wave discharge which may be related to the spontaneous contractions and generation of basal tone.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Recording pattern reversal visual evoked response with the scanning laser ophthalmoscope.

We recorded visual evoked responses (VERs) to alternating, checkerboard pattern stimuli using the scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO). Retinal position and focus of checkerboard stimuli were monitored on the SLO video monitor throughout testing. Checkerboard size, check size, and retinal positions were varied. Consistent with other, well-established pattern reversal techniques, the SLO method produced: 1) reliable VERs with amplitudes of 2 to 10 microvolts, 2) maximum amplitudes at an intermediate check size for a fixed overall pattern size, and 3) variations in VER amplitude depending on stimulus retinal position relative to the fovea. Hence, the SLO-VER technique would be useful for clinical VER measurements when precise retinal stimulus position and focus are desired.

Computer Systems↗

PubMed1989

[Study of the prophylactic and therapeutic effect of human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) on experimental pyelonephritis induced by pseudomonas aeruginosa in neutropenic mice].

We investigated the prophylactic and therapeutic effect of human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) on mice with ascending pyelonephritis induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (G-group). This experimental model was established by a two course administration of cyclophosphamide, so that it kept the mice in a neutropenic status (around 2000 white blood cells/mm3) from the time of infection to the time of sacrifice. The cyclophosphamide-treated group increased their susceptibility more than the control group. In the cyclophosphamide-treated group, the prophylactic administration of G-CSF (2 micrograms/day/mouse) yielded a lower incidence of infection and of infection-induced mortality than that of saline alone. However, the therapeutic administration of G-CSF did not produce significant decreases of these rates, suggesting that this type of administration had no effect on infection. At the time of sacrifice, the prophylactic administration of G-CSF increased the number of neutrophils, while at the time of induced infection, no increase of neutrophils was found. G-CSF therapeutic administration was not able to increase neutrophils during the experiment. An investigation of the bacterial capacity of peritoneal exudate neutrophils revealed that G-CSF prophylactic administration accelerated its capacity, although cyclophosphamide alone did not. These results suggest that G-CSF has a prophylactic effect on bacterial infection in neutropenic mice, and that this effect, in part, depends upon both the increase of neutrophils and the acceleration of bactericidal capacity produced by G-CSF.

Agranulocytosis↗

PubMed1989

[The study on Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in a hospital--2. Bacteriological study].

We investigated the hospital acquired infection of P. aeruginosa in urological wards by determining the serotype and testing the sensitivity of this bacteria to antibiotics. The results were as follows: 1. 92 strains of G-serotype (22.2%), 76 of A-serotype (18.3%) and 65 of B-serotype (15.7%) were predominantly found in the serotype distribution of 415 P. aeruginosa strains isolated from urine or feces. 2. Comparing the sensitivity of P. aeruginosa to various antibiotics determined by MIC50 (the concentration to inhibit growth of 50% of the objective bacteria), Dibekacin showed MIC50 of 0.78 microgram/ml, Ceftazidime 1.56 micrograms/ml, Cefsulodin 3.13 micrograms/ml, and Polymixin-B, Piperacillin, Aztreonam 6.25 micrograms/ml. The analysis of the relationship between serotype and sensitivity to antibiotics demonstrated that K-serotype of P. aeruginosa tended to be highly sensitive and M-serotype be less sensitive to only Dibekacin. There was no definite relation of serotype to sensitivity against any other antibiotics. The comparison of sensitivity to antibiotics determined by MIC50,80 between P. aeruginosa isolated from urine and that from feces revealed that the former was less sensitive by one to four grades than the latter. The sensitivity of P. aeruginosa isolated from feces at admission was not different from that at discharge. In the chronological changes in sensitivity of P. aeruginosa isolated from urine, the strains highly resistant to Cefsulodin, Ceftazidime, Aztreonam and Dibekacin had increased in 1984 and 1985. 3. These highly resistant strains tended to break out in the urological wards, which suggested the need for more intensive prophylactic measures against hospital acquired infection.

Cross Infection↗

PubMed1989

[Study of the prophylactic effect of human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) on experimental pyelonephritis induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in diabetic mice].

The compromised host has recently increased because of the improvement of medical diagnosis and technology. Infection in the compromised host is somewhat different from that in common patients, since this infection is caused by impairment of the host defense mechanism. And the compromised host easily suffers from opportunistic infections. This situation prompted us to study the effect of biological response modifiers (BRMs), which activate the host defense mechanism against infections in the compromised host. We used streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice, as experimental models of the compromised host. First, we investigated the bactericidal capacity of the perineal exudating neutrophils in diabetic mice, as one of the host defense mechanism. Second, we also studied the effect of Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) on diabetic mice with ascending pyelonephritis by P. aeruginosa. At 1 and 2 weeks after inducing the diabetic state, no difference was found in the bactericidal capacity of the perineal exudating neutrophils between normal mice and diabetic mice. At 3 weeks, however, this bactericidal capacity was markedly suppressed in these mice. This result suggested that a depression of host defense mechanisms in diabetics was caused by, in part, a suppression of bactericidal capacity of neutrophils. When G-CSF (2 micrograms/mouse) was injected subcutaneously once a day into diabetic mice, the suppression of the bactericidal capacity of neutrophils significantly recovered. We thus studied the effect of G-CSF on diabetic mice against infection. Diabetic mice increased their susceptibility to bacterial infection more than normal mice. In diabetic mice, administration of G-CSF (2 micrograms/mouse) yielded a lower incidence of infection and infection-induced mortality than those of controls. These data show that G-CSF may be of great value for prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in the compromised host, especially in patients whose bactericidal capacity of neutrophils is depressed, as in diabetics.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

[Study of the prophylactic effect of ubenimex on experimental pyelonephritis induced by Pseudomonas in neutropenic mice].

We investigated the prophylactic effect of Ubenimex on mice with ascending pyelonephritis induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (G-group). This experimental model was established by a two course administration of cyclophosphamide, so that it kept the mice in a neutropenic status (around 2000 white blood cells/mm3) from the time of infection to the time of sacrifice. The cyclophosphamide-treated group increased their susceptibility more than the control group. In the cyclophosphamide-treated group, the prophylactic administration of Ubenimex (100 micrograms/day/mouse) did not produce significant decreases of infection-induced mortality rate, but yielded a lower incidence of infection than of saline alone. Administration of Ubenimex was not able to increase the number of neutrophils during the experiment. An investigation of the bactericidal capacity of peritoneal exudating neutrophils revealed that Ubenimex prophylactic administration accelerated its capacity, although cyclophosphamide alone did not. These results suggest that Ubenimex has a prophylactic effect on bacterial infection in neutropenic mice, and that this effect, in part, depends upon the acceleration of bactericidal capacity of neutrophils produced by Ubenimex.

Agranulocytosis↗

PubMed1989

[Clinical studies on the continent ileocecocolonic reservoir].

Continent urinary reservoir has recently been paid much attention by urologists for its contribution to improvement in quality of life in patients who are in need of urinary diversion. We, herein, present some preliminary result in the operation of continent ileocecocolonic (ICC) or ileocecal reservoir which was performed on 13 patients. Since several improvements have been made on the operative procedures for ICC reservoir, the most recent techniques are described below: A 20-25 cm of cecocolonic and 12 cm of terminal ileal segment were isolated after a full length mesenteric incision. The cecocolonic segment was longitudinally split open in 15-20 cm on its antimesenteric border to be re-configuration later. The mesentery was detached for 8 cm in the terminal ileum which was randomly incised into its seromuscular layer. Following the intussusception of the terminal ileum into the cecal lumen, the nipple valve of the ileum was stabilized by three row-staples and two row-paired nonabsorbable sutures. The valve was re-enforced by nonabsorbable sutures and dacron mesh which were placed at the base of the intussusception. The ureter was implanted in the tenia of the colon with antireflux technique of the submucosa tunnel. The distal end of the split cecocolonic segment was, the, folded to and sutured with its proximal end, making a Heineke-Mikulicz type of re-configuration reservoir. A flush type of stoma was constructed, with dacron mesh placed around the ileum which was fixed to the rectus muscle and its anterior sheath.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Coated fibronectin induces adhesion in the human monocytic cell line U937.

The differentiation inducing effect of coated human fibronectin (HFN) on U937 was investigated. U937 cells usually proliferate without stimuli. HFN induced the adhesion of about 20% of U937 cells in a serum free medium. HFN did not inhibit cell growth nor induce CD14 expression. The adhesion inducing activity of HFN was completely blocked by addition of anti-HFN antibody. Phorbor 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), another differentiation inducing agent, inhibited the growth of U937 cells but did not induce adhesion in the serum free medium. These data imply that HFN has a differentiation inducing effect on a human monocytic cell line and could be used as a biological response modifier.

Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic↗

PubMed1989

[Morphological changes of vascular network of the midpalatal suture and palate mucosa after rapid maxillary expansion].

Rapid maxillary expansion has been utilized for years in the treatment of transverse maxillomandibular discrepancies. It is important to understand the changes of the vascular network in midpalatal suture following rapid maxillary expansion. The reason is because it is critical to maintain the blood supply and circulation for the osteogenesis and bone remodeling after the expansion. The purpose of this study was to examine the morphological changes in the vascular network of the palate regions following rapid maxillary expansion. A total of 30 dogs were divided into 6 groups of 5 dogs each, of which one group was used as a control. A skeleton type rapid maxillary expansion appliance was utilized in the 5 experimental groups. Transverse expansion was accomplished by activating the appliances 0.4 mm each day for 10 days, achieving a total of 4.0 mm of width increase. The animals were sacrificed and injected with acrylic resin through the maxillary artery at 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The thin sections were examined with a light microscope and fine vascular corrosion specimens were examined with a scanning electron microscope. The results were as follows: 1. Vascular network in the midpalatal suture. 1) The suture appeared as an interdigitating bony processes separated by a relatively narrow gap. The blood vessels were running in the direction from the posterior to anterior in the control. 2) 3 days after the expansion, the suture had separated. The hemorrhage which accompanied the expansion was not observed, though hyperemia and enlargement of the blood vessels were observed. The stretched blood vessels from the bone walls observed along the stretched fiber bundles were remarkable. A few new blood vessels were observed in various places in the bone walls. 3) 7 and 14 days after the expansion, the number of new blood vessels increased significantly and anastomosed. The tube-shaped new bone formation was observed in parts of the bone walls along the stretched fiber bundles and surrounding the blood vessels. 4) 21 days after the expansion, the sutural area was filled by new bone and the new blood vessels were embedded in the bone and the number of those had decreased. The new bone had thickened and joined in various ways. 5) 28 days after the expansion, the number of blood vessels decreased further and the bone formation was more progressed than the 21 day group. Those new bones had matured respectively. 2. Vascular network in the palate mucosa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1989

[Statistical investigation on orthodontic patients who received treatment at Fukuoka Dental College during 15 years].

It has been fifteen years since the Department of Orthodontics started in 1973, and this report concerns mainly the results of clinical observations during these period. The results were as follows: 1) Three thousand four hundred and three patients visited during a fifteen years period and 2,065 (61%) of them received orthodontic treatment. This statistical investigation was performed on 2,065 patients. 2) The numbers of treated patients increased from 1973 to 1983 without 1980 but have almost unchanged with about 180 patients from 1984 to 1987. 3) The male patients were less than the female by the ratio of 1:1.67. As to age, the patients from 6 to 12 years old accounted for 72% of all the treated. 4) Analyzed by dental age categories, patients at the stage of III A and III B comprised 54% of all the treated. 5) Analyzed by month, the patients visited on March, July and August in spring and summer vacations. 6) Most of the patients (92%) lived in Fukuoka Prefecture and 38% of them lived in Sawara-ku, where lay in the south-western part of Fukuoka city. 7) Fifty six per cent of all patients were introduced by doctors and dentists. 8) As to malocclutions, the number of mandibular protrusion was the largest, crowding case was next, and maxillary protrusion was third. The total sum of these three cases accounted for 78% of all the treated. 9) In the initial orthodontic appliances, the use of the multi-brackets appliances was first, the chin cap appliances was second and plate appliances was third. The total sum of these three appliances accounted for about 73%. 10) Analyzing to age and initial orthodontic appliances, plate, chin cap, F. K. O. and I. M. A. appliances were used at the age from 7 to 8. Lingual arch appliances were also used at the age of 8. The multi-brackets appliances increased remarkably during the recent five year period and were used at the age of 10 to 11 and over 20 years.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

[Anesthetic management in surgery of thoracic aortic aneurysms--a report of eleven cases].

Anesthetic management of patients with thoracic aneurysm is discussed. During a period of two years, 11 cases were observed; 7 cases of dissecting aneurysm and 4 cases of true aneurysm. Dissecting aneurysms were of DeBakey's type 1 in 5 cases and of DeBakey's type 2 in 2 cases. Four cases had hypertension. As many of these patients often have hypertension, it is important not to change the circulatory dynamics during induction of anesthesia. We employed high dose fentanyl in 9 cases and used nitroglycerin or nitroprusside to control systolic blood pressure at about 100-120 mmHg. Massive bleeding can occur during intraoperative period and it is important to secure a sufficient number of intravenous routes to protect the central nervous system during cardio-pulmonary bypass.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

[Preoperative evaluation of digital subtraction pulmonary angiography in primary lung cancer].

The preoperative evaluation of the resectability for primary lung cancer was studied by using digital subtraction pulmonary angiography (DSA-PAG). Thirty operative cases with primary lung cancer performed DSA-PAG as preoperative test at random for 3 years from June 1985 were subjected in this study. The apparatus used is DSA device (Angiotoron) of a product of Siemens Co., Ltd. The findings obtained by DSA-PAG were retrospectively studied according to the surgical findings, operative modes and postoperative histopathological findings. Moreover, at the same time, usefulness of DSA-PAG was evaluated comparing its findings with preoperative enhanced CT interpretation. The useful findings were obtained in 10 cases of 30 cases (33%). Its contents were 2 cases with invasion of the left atrium, 2 cases with invasion of superior and inferior pulmonary vein, 5 cases with invasion of truncus pulmonary artery and 1 case with interlobar invasion. The findings in all cases were superior to those obtained by the enhanced CT. The decision of operative modes confirming invasion of tumor or metastatic lymph node is one of the important aims of the preoperative test. DSA-PAG can be carried out simply and safely on out-patient basis, additionally, favorable result can be especially obtained in invasion lesions of blood vessels of hilus regions. From the result, informations of regions unknown by preoperative CT were accurately obtained. As a rule, DSA-PAG should be performed by the preoperative routine test of primary lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1989

[Comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1986). III. Secular changes in susceptibility].

Changes in the susceptibility of various infectious microorganisms to antimicrobial agents from 1982 to 1986 were evaluated. The microorganisms investigated were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp., Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients with urinary tract infections. We compared susceptibilities of microorganisms obtained from simple urinary tract infections with those from complicated infections with or without indwelling catheter. Among penicillins, mecillinam (MPC) showed the strongest activity against E. coli obtained from the patients: 3.13 to 6.25 micrograms/ml of MPC inhibited the growth of over 90% of the isolates. Among the second and the third generation cephalosporins, cefotiam and cefmenoxime (CMX) showed the strongest activity and the growth of isolates was inhibited at concentrations of 0.39 to 0.78 microgram/ml and below 0.10 to 0.20 microgram/ml, respectively. The activities of penicillins against Klebsiella spp. were weak. CMX showed strong activity against Klebsiella spp; 91.7% of the isolates from patients with simple infections were inhibited at 0.39 microgram/ml of the agent; 90.7% and 91.6% of isolates from patients with complicated infections with or without indwelling catheter were inhibited at 0.78 microgram/ml and 1.56 microgram/ml of the agent, respectively. Gentamicin (GM) also showed strong activity against isolates from patients with simple infections and weaker activity against isolates from patients with complicated infections with the catheter; 0.78 microgram/ml of ofloxacin (OFLX) inhibited the growths of 90% of the isolates from these patients. Penicillins showed weak activity against Citrobacter spp. obtained from the patients. Among the second and the third generation cephalosporins, CMX and latamoxef (LMOX) showed strong activities against the Citrobacter isolates; about 50% of the isolates were inhibited at 0.20 microgram/ml of either agent. 1.56 microgram/ml of minocycline inhibited the growth of 75 to 90% of the isolates and 1.56 microgram/ml of OFLX inhibited the growth of 93 to 100% of the isolates. Against isolates of Proteus spp. penicillins also showed weak activities. Among them, however, piperacillin (PIPC) inhibited the growth of over 90% of the isolates at concentrations ranging from 0.78 to 1.56 micrograms/ml. Among the second and third generation cephalosporins, CMX and LMOX showed strong activities; 0.20 microgram/ml of CMX inhibited the growth of 94.4%, 90.4%, and 83.1% of isolates from the 3 types of the patients, respectively. 0.20 microgram/ml of LMOX inhibited the growth of 94.4%, 91.8%, and 88.3% of the isolates, respectively. Enterobacter spp. showed resistance to the beta-lactam antibiotics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1989

[The influence of cigarette smoke on metabolism of eicosanoids in rat lung in terms of variation of 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and 11-dehydrothromboxane B2].

We investigated the effects of cigarette smoking on metabolism of two eicosanoids, 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) and 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 (11-dehydro-TXB2) in the lung. Twelve female Wistar rats aged between 5 and 6 weeks were chosen and the smoking group (SG, n = 6) was compared to the control group (CG, n = 6). Cigarette smoke exposure was performed using a Hamburg-II inhalation apparatus and the dose was 10 cigarettes in 30 min. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was conducted 30 min after smoking exposure and the recovered BAL fluid was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min. The levels of 15-HETE and 11-dehydro-TXB2 of the supernatant were measured by radioimmunoassay in each sample. Recovered 15-HETE significantly increased in SG (SG: 490 +/- 109 pg, CG: 191 +/- 63 pg, p less than 0.05), while there was no significant difference in recovered protein (SG: 2.64 +/- 0.50 mg, CG: 2.23 +/- 0.10 mg), 11-dehydro-TXB2 (SG: 128 +/- 13 pg, CG: 156 +/- 7 pg). We conclude that acute cigarette smoke exposure increases recovered BAL fluid 15-HETE, a potent inflammatory mediator and that 15-HETE in BAL fluid may indicate lung injury induced by smoking.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

[Spontaneous production of interleukin-1 and B cell stimulating factors by B cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus].

In order to investigate the mechanism of polyclonal B cell activation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), spontaneous production of interleukin 1 (IL-1) and B cell stimulating factor (BSF) activity by B cells from SLE patients and normal subjects were examined. In both active and inactive SLE, spontaneous IL-1 and BCDF production was significantly increased as compared with normal subjects. However, BCGF activity of B cells from patients with SLE was not significantly increased. After IL-1 activity was absorbed by anti-IL-1 antibody, BCGF and BCDF activities were remained. Low density (larger) B cells separated by Percoll gradient was significantly increased in percentage in SLE patients. However, the population of higher density (smaller) B cells could produce BCGF and BCDF activity in SLE. It is suggested that SLE B cells produce IL-1 and BSF spontaneously and that these factors may play an important role for polyclonal B cell activation in SLE.

B-Lymphocytes↗

PubMed1989

[Comparison of surgical therapy and combined irradiation in rectal cancer--first report, effect of irradiation on the tumor. Study Group of Surgical Therapy and Combined Irradiation in Rectal Cancer].

In order to establish the best protocol for the treatment of rectal cancers, a cooperative study on preoperative radiation therapy was conducted by 44 institutions in eastern Japan. A total of 166 cases that did not receive preoperative chemotherapy were analyzed, and the following conclusions were obtained. A comparison between two groups of patients, one that had received preoperative irradiation and the other that had not, revealed remarkable tumor regression in the former along with reduction of in rectal stenosis, condition of the border of the lesion, bleeding, constriction and central excavation. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of lymph node metastasis. Histological examination based on the criteria established by Oboshi and Shimosato showed radiation effects better than grade II b in 32.1% primary tumors and in 33.3% of metastatic lymph nodes within the radiation field. No significant differences in the incidence of side effects or complications were noted between the two groups.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Surgical treatment of a case of multiple lung cysts infected with aspergillosis].

An 18-year-old male case in which multiple lung cysts with Aspergillus infection was diagnosed is reported. The case was recognized during the clinical course of bilateral pneumothorax, and chest X-ray showed cystic shadows in the middle field of the right lung. At first, bullectomy and partial cystectomy of the lung was performed, and Aspergillus fumigatus was cultured from the fluid in the cysts. The cysts were located in the right upper and middle lobe, so upper and middle lobectomy was performed in the second surgical operation. In this case, the check valve mechanism caused by the pneumothorax provided the conditions for Aspergillus infection. In cases of air-fluid levels shown by chest X-ray such as this, Aspergillus infection should be suspected.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

[Comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1986). I. Susceptibility distribution].

Susceptibilities to various antibacterial and antibiotic agents of bacterial strains isolated from urinary tract infections at 8 hospitals in Japan from July to October in 1986 are summarized as follows. 1. Enterococcus faecalis was susceptible to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (ST) and imipenem (IPM) with MIC90s of 0.78 and 1.56 microgram/ml. Minocycline had the strongest activity against Staphylococcus aureus; the MICs for all strains tested were lower than 0.39 microgram/ml. The MIC80s of dicloxacillin, and arbekacin (HBK) were 0.20 and 0.78 microgram/ml, respectively. Among the cephems, the MIC80 of flomoxef was 25 micrograms/ml, whereas those of cefmenoxime (CMX) and cefotiam (CTM) were 50 micrograms/ml. 2. Escherichia coli was most susceptible to ofloxacin (OFLX) among the oral antibacterial and antibiotic agents tested. OFLX showed the minimum inhibitory concentration against 90% (MIC90) of the 274 strains of E. coli tested to be lower than 0.10 microgram/ml. The antibacterial activities of the third generation cephems such as CMX and latamoxef (LMOX) were the strongest among the injectable antibiotics tested. The MIC90s of CMX and LMOX were lower than 0.10 and 0.20 microgram/ml, respectively. CTM and cefmetazole, the second generation cephems, were also highly active against E. coli with MIC90s of 0.39 and 1.56 micrograms/ml, respectively. 3. Among the oral antibacterial and antibiotic agents tested, OFLX was the most active against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Its MIC90 was 0.78 microgram/ml. Among the injectable antibiotics tested, CMX was the strongest with an MIC90 of 0.20 microgram/ml; MIC90 of CTM and LMOX were 0.39 microgram/ml. 4. The tested antibacterial and antibiotic agents were generally less active against Citrobacter freundii than against other bacteria. The MIC80 of OFLX was 0.39 microgram/ml. Gentamicin (GM) and ST were slightly active against C. freundii. Among the cephems, CMX had the MIC80 of 25 micrograms/ml. 5. Enterobacter cloacae was less susceptible to the cephems tested. OFLX, GM, and mecillinam were active against this bacteria with MIC80s of 0.78, 0.78 and 1.56 micrograms/ml, respectively. 6. Among the oral antibacterial and antibiotic agents and penicillins examined, piperacillin (PIPC) was the most active against Proteus mirabilis. Its MIC90 was 0.39 microgram/ml. Those of sulbenicillin, cefaclor, ampicillin, OFLX, and ST were 0.78, 0.78, 1.56, 3.13 and 3.13 micrograms/ml, respectively. CMX was highly active against P. mirabilis with an MIC90 of less than or equal to 0.10 microgram/ml; LMOX followed with an MIC90 of 0.20 microgram/ml among the injectable antibiotics tested. CTM was also active against this bacterium; the MIC90 was 0.39 microgram/ml. 7. The antibacterial and antibiotic agents were generally only slightly active against Proteus vulgaris.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗