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Biomedical subjects

T Harada

Publications and source records attributed to T Harada.

At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Effects of trospium chloride on the lower urinary tract function].

The effects of trospium chloride on the lower urinary tract function were studied by combined recording of cystometry and sphincter electromyogram in 13 decerebrated dogs. Micturition was induced by bladder filling before and after drug administration. A statistical analysis was carried out on the urodynamic parameters. Trospium chloride at the dose of 0.1 mg/kg showed a small but significant decrease in the threshold pressure during the collecting phase. In the urodynamic parameters of the emptying phase which is considered to be influenced by cholinergic activity, there was a significant decrease in maximum bladder pressure at 0.03, 0.1, and 0.3 mg/kg and a significant increase in residual urine at 0.3 mg/kg. Trospium chloride is probably acting as a antimuscarinic agent in this study. Trospium chloride appears to be useful for the relief of symptoms associated with hyperactive bladder contraction.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Nasal allergy in medical students.

The incidence of nasal allergy in medical students was studied in our University from 1983 to 1987. Intradermal skin tests were performed using six allergens: house dust (HD), ragweed, Japanese cedar, orchard grass, candida and broncasma berna. 154 out of 471 students (32.7%) had symptoms indicative of nasal allergy. HD and Japanese cedar were the main allergens and their positive rates were 66.4% and 51.0%, respectively in symptomatic cases. However, 34.4% of asymptomatic students also showed positive reactions to HD and 19.6% to Japanese cedar. In nasal provocation tests, 53.8% of symptomatic students who reacted positively to HD skin test showed positive reactions, while even 34.8% of asymptomatic students also showed positive reactions. The same results were obtained for Japanese cedar. It seemed that some asymptomatic students who had positive reactions to skin tests have latent allergies. A long-term follow-up would be necessary for these cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Effects of photocoagulation on diabetic macular edema].

Retrospective analysis of clinical cases observed for three years with respect to the appearance of the fundus and visual acuity was conducted to evaluate the effect of photocoagulation therapy on macular edema in relation to whither diabetic retinopathy was accompanied by, focal or cystoid, macular edema. In addition to glycemic control, focal and direct treatment of responsible lesions was found effective for focal macular edema in simple diabetic retinopathy. Concerning all types of retinopathy, the prognosis of focal macular edema was significantly favorable to that of cystoid macular edema. Blood sugar control also influenced the prognosis of focal edema. The changes of retinopathy were closely associated with the prognosis of focal macular edema in preproliferative and proliferative retinopathy. Disseminated photocoagulation and panretinal photocoagulation showed no difference as to the results of indirect treatment of focal macular edema in preproliferative retinopathy. Macular alterations other than macular edema occurred in a higher proportion of cases of proliferative retinopathy than in simple or preproliferative retinopathy. This accounted for low visual recovery in the former group in comparison to simple retinopathy. It was concluded that the direct treatment of the involved lesions is effective for focal macular edema in simple retinopathy and that extensive photocoagulation in preproliferative and proliferative retinopathy indirectly has a favorable influence on focal edema by means of amelioration of retinopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Experimental study on the optimal treatment schedule for combination of BRM (immunostimulators, cultured killer cells or interleukin-2) and chemotherapy].

In the present study we tried to reevaluate the optimal combination timing in the experimental treatment with BRM and chemotherapeutic agents. BALB/c mice with advanced malignant ascites tumor (MOPC 104 E) were treated with cyclophosphamide (CPA, 2 mg/kg) and BRM such as immunostimulator (OK-432, Lentinan or Bestatin), interleukin-2 (IL 2) or cultured killer cells. The survival of mice was prolonged when immunostimulators were given before CPA. However, no combined effect was seen when immunostimulators were administered after CPA. Treatment with cultured killer cells and in vivo IL 2 after immunochemotherapy (immunostimulator followed by CPA) was the most effective protocol in which immunostimulator, chemotherapy, killer cells and IL 2 respectively seemed to induce, regulate, supplement and amplify anti-tumor effector cells.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1990

[A case of medial pneumothorax in the aged].

A 81-year-old man was admitted because of left recurrent pneumothorax with pleural adhesion. A drainage tube was inserted through the left lateral thoracic wall. The lung seemed to be fully expanded in the AP chest X-ray film but his dyspnea was not relieved. The CT examination showed severe medial pneumothorax. He was operated on and recovered uneventfully. It is important to note medial pneumothorax in patients in the supine position and/or with pleural adhesion.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Application of lectin histochemistry to various types of corneal dystrophy].

We described the staining pattern of deposits in 4 cases of the staining method employing corneal dystrophy by avidin-biotin peroxidase complex employing biotinated lectins as intermediate products. The specimens consisted of 8 keratoplasty specimens obtained from 2 cases of granular dystrophy and 4 cases of lattice dystrophy and one case each of primary droplet dystrophy and Reis-Bücklers dystrophy. In two cases with granular dystrophy, deposits stained positively with WGA and with Con A in one case. The deposits found in lattice dystrophy were stained with WGA in 3 cases and with Con A in one case. The deposits noted in primary gelatinous droplet dystrophy were stained with WGA and those in Reis-Bücklers dystrophy were not stained with any lectin. The staining patterns suggested that the deposits found in granular and lattice dystrophy possess N-acetyl-D-glucosamine as a sugar residue. They may possess alpha-D-mannose and/or alpha-D-glucose.

Acetylglucosamine↗
PubMed1990

[A case of perianeurysmal fibrosis treated by the thrombo-exclusion technique].

A very rare case of perianeurysmal fibrosis was presented. A 65-year old man was admitted with the complaint of abdominal pulsatile mass and intermittent claudication of right lower limb. Aortography revealed fusiform, calcified aneurysm of the infrarenal abdominal aorta and severe stenosis of right common iliac artery. CT scan demonstrated a soft tissue density structure around the aortic aneurysm which was enhanced after contrast medium injection. At surgery, the aneurysm had a thick, firm, smooth wall which was shiny white in appearance and adherent perianeurysmal fibrosis was marked. In order to avoid injury to surrounding tissue such as the duodenum or vena cava, thrombo-exclusion method was chosen. Histological examination of the aneurysmal wall showed fibrous tissue infiltrated with mononuclear cells such as lymphocytes and plasma cells. The postcontrast enhancement of aortic wall and perianeurysmal sheet disappeared on CT on the post-operative 57th day and no recurrence has been observed.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Purification and characterization of rat liver GTP cyclohydrolase I. Cooperative binding of GTP to the enzyme.

GTP cyclohydrolase I, an enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the biosynthetic pathway of tetrahydrobiopterin, has been purified about 38,000-fold to apparent homogeneity from rat liver extract with a yield of 5%. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 300,000 by gel filtration on Ultrogel AcA 34. The purified enzyme gave a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at a position corresponding to a molecular weight of 30,000. N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis gave a single amino acid at every step of the Edman degradation up to residue 10. These results suggest that the enzyme is probably a homopolymer. The enzyme showed positive cooperativity with a Hill coefficient of 2.4 at a substrate (GTP) concentration of 10-50 microM. The Vmax value of the enzyme was 45 nmol/min.mg protein. The GTP concentration producing half-maximal velocity was 30 microM at a KCl concentration of 0.1 M. This value increased as the KCl concentration rose, without any change in Vmax or Hill number. Biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin may be controlled by the intracellular level of GTP.

Aminohydrolases↗
PubMed1989

Isolation from pig lens of two proteins with dihydrodiol dehydrogenase and aldehyde reductase activities.

Dimeric and monomeric proteins containing dihydrodiol dehydrogenase and aldehyde reductase activities were purified from pig lens. The dimeric enzyme of Mr 65,000 specifically oxidized the trans-dihydrodiols of naphthalene and benzene with NADP+ as a strict cofactor, and reduced alpha-diketones, aromatic aldehydes and glyceraldehyde with NADPH as a cofactor. The monomeric enzyme of Mr 35,000, although identical with aldose reductase, oxidized the trans-dihydrodiol of naphthalene at a pH optimum of 7.6. These results suggest that the two enzymes are involved in the pathogenesis of naphthalene cataract.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1989

Human leukocyte antigen in childhood unilateral deafness.

Human leukocyte antigen frequencies were examined in 40 Japanese patients with severe unilateral sensorineural hearing loss found in childhood. Human leukocyte antigen-Bw54 was significantly increased in frequency. No statistically significant deviation in the Bw54 frequency was observed among several possible subgroups studied. Although this group of patients may have various causes, and underlying mechanism is still unclear, this preliminary study suggests that childhood unilateral deafness may be associated with a genetically determined factor(s).

Child↗
PubMed1989

Squamous cell carcinoma with cyst of the thyroid.

Two cases of primary squamous cell carcinoma associated with a thyroid cyst in the thyroid are described. The majority of squamous cell carcinomas reported so far have had some degree of co-existing adenocarcinoma, while the cases presented in this report had no glandular component at all. The histogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma is not clear, but at present, it is believed that most cases arise from the follicular epithelium. In our cases, in spite of an intensive examination of serially sectioned specimens, no areas of adenocarcinoma, squamous metaplasia from the follicular epithelium, or congenital squamous remnants could be found.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Hemophilus influenzae adherence to and absorption from the nasal mucosa of guinea pigs.

The adherence to and the absorption from nasal mucosal epithelium of type b and non-typeable strains of Hemophilus influenzae were studied in guinea pigs. H. influenzae bacteria were administered to the nose as 4 x 10(7) organisms in 1.0 ml saline. The outer membrane vesicles (OMV) of H. influenzae were used in the absorption study. Scanning electron microscopic studies showed that H. influenzae cells attached to both ciliated and non-ciliated cells of the nasal mucosa. Histological studies showed that OMV were absorbed through the nasal mucosa, mainly from ciliated cells. Further, penetration of OMV through the nasal mucosa of immunized animals was reduced when compared with that of non-immunized ones.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

A comparative evaluation of the surgical and radioiodine treatments for Graves' disease.

Radioactive iodine treatment is currently the most popular treatment modality for hyperthyroidism in many patients of the world. In Japan, however, a considerable number of patients with hyperthyroidism have undergone successful surgery. To elucidate the advantages and disadvantages of surgical and 131I treatment, the thyroid function of 66 patients from each group was compared, 5 to 8 years after treatment. None of the surgically treated patients had been reoperated upon on, whereas 12 (18 per cent) of the patients treated with 131I required 2 or more doses. The number of patients with normal ranges of serum T3, T4 and TSH values was almost identical: 33 (50 per cent) of the postoperative patients and 31 (47 per cent) of the post-irradiated patients. In the surgically treated group, there was no tendency for hypothyroidism to develop with the passage of the time. However, although the distribution of T3 and T4 in the normal control and postoperative groups showed a normal bell-shaped distribution, the post-irradiated group did not exhibit this distribution. The normal control group and the postoperative group showed positive correlations of T3 and T4 but the post-irradiated group did not (p less than 0.05). When the titers of antithyroglobulin and antimicrosomal antibodies prior to therapy were compared with those following therapy, they had decreased in 41 per cent and 76.8 per cent, respectively, of the postoperative cases, but in only 24.2 per cent and 45.5 per cent of the post-irradiated cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

A case of gallbladder carcinoma producing both alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA).

A 73-year-old woman with gallbladder carcinoma infiltrating to the liver presenting high serum values of AFP and CEA was reported. Serum values of AFP and CEA were remarkably high (165,000 ng/ml and 1,070 ng/ml). Immunohistochemically the tumor cells were stained for AFP and CEA by the PAP method. Serum AFP subfraction was analyzed by crossed immunoaffinoelectrophoresis with lentil lectin and concanavalin A, which showed most of the serum AFP bound to both lentil lectin and concanavalin A. As a case of gallbladder carcinoma presenting a high serum value of AFP is rare, it may imply a diagnostic challenge.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Platelet 3H-clonidine and 3H-imipramine binding and plasma cortisol level in depression.

Platelet 3H-clonidine (alpha 2-adrenergic agonist) binding and 3H-imipramine binding were measured and the Dexamethasone Suppression Test performed in 17 normal controls and 14 unmedicated depressed patients in order to clarify the relationship among these three biological markers. Increases in the Bmax and the Kd for 3H-clonidine binding and decreases in the Bmax for 3H-imipramine binding of the platelets from depressed patients were observed when compared with controls. There was a significant positive correlation among 3H-clonidine Bmax, the basal (predexamethasone) plasma cortisol levels, and the severity of depression, as indicated by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. On the other hand, no significant correlation was observed in 3H-imipramine binding between the Bmax and the severity of depression or between the Bmax and the basal plasma cortisol levels. There was no statistically significant correlation between the Bmax of 3H-clonidine binding and that of 3H-imipramine binding in depression, but there was a trend toward correlation in normal controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Epiphyseal lesions of the femur and tibia in rats following oral chronic administration of zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate (ziram).

A 24-month chronic feeding toxicity study with zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate (ziram) was performed on Fischer 344 rats of both sexes (80 animals/sex per group) at dietary levels of 0, 20, 200, or 2000 ppm. Eight animals of either sex from each group were sacrificed after 26, 52 and 78 weeks, and all surviving animals were killed after 104 weeks. Epiphyseal abnormalities in the long bones of the hind legs were observed in both sexes at 2000 ppm. Clinically, 3 male rats showed partial paralysis of the hind legs. At necropsy, marked curvature of the proximal end of the crus which could cause a restricted extension of the tibio-femoral joint was seen in 11 of 34 males killed at terminal sacrifice. While females had neither clinical signs nor gross abnormalities during the study, histopathological examination revealed retarded epiphyseal closure of the proximal end of the tibia in both sexes. Females also showed the epiphyseal lesion at the distal end of the femur. In severely affected rats marked proliferation of epiphyseal cartilaginous tissue was also noted together with the irregular arrangement of chondrocytes. These changes were evident only in aged animals. The incidence of the lesions in all males and females examined in this group was 22/77 (29%) and 13/73 (18%), respectively. The occurrence of the lesions appeared to be caused by impaired regulation of epiphyseal closure which might be related to the treatment with ziram.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

A novel EBV-related nucleo-cytoplasmic antigen in a null cell-line (HLN-STL-C) reactive to antibodies in the sera from patients with Sjögren's syndrome.

We have established a non-T- and non-B-cell line, HLN-STL-C(STL-C), which harbors the EBV genome, from the lymph node cells of a Japanese ATL patient. This cell line expresses a unique Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related nucleo-cytoplasmic (N-C) antigen which is detected by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) with the sera from patients with nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC), infectious mononucleosis (IM) or adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). One of the molecular components of this antigen is proved to be STL-C specific 125 kD molecule by immunoblot analysis (IB). To study the involvement of EBV in Sjögren's syndrome (SS), we examined the reactivity of the N-C antigen with the sera of SS patients by IF and IB. Among 24 cases examined, the sera of 21 cases (87.5%) positively stained the N-C antigen by IF. The staining patterns were divided into two types. Type I, (seven cases) showed positive staining for only N-C antigen, and Type II, (14 cases) was positive for N-C antigen associated with diffuse nuclear staining due to antinuclear antibodies in the SS patient's sera. Only one out of 11 non-Sjögren's patients' sera, which were almost all healthy controls, was positive for N-C antigen in this study. By IB, however, only two out of 15 IF-positive SS patients' sera reacted with STL-C specific 125 kD molecule. These results suggested the presence of heterogenous components in the N-C antigen. Our findings may support the hypothetical conception that EBV plays an etiological role in SS.

Adult↗