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Biomedical subjects

T Harada

Publications and source records attributed to T Harada.

At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Benign lymphoepithelial lesion with large cysts: case report.

A case of benign lymphoepithelial lesion with two large cysts and many foci of duct dilatation is reported. Clinical features, except for absence of dry eyes, indicated the case was Sjögren's syndrome. The cysts were found in the left parotid gland of a 60-yr-old woman and were surgically removed. The size of each cyst was 20 mm in diameter and one of them was located in the lymph node. Because of the HLA-DR expression by the epithelium, the cysts are considered to have formed as a result of duct dilatation due to autoimmune response. As for one cyst, it is also possible that the pre-existing lymphoepithelial cyst might be involved in the autoimmune phenomenon because of its relation to the lymph node.

Cysts↗
PubMed1990

Preparation of species-specific murine monoclonal antibodies against the yeast phase of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis.

A panel of four murine monoclonal antibodies showing species specificity for the yeast phase of the pathogenic dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis was produced by using a modification of the standard monoclonal antibody technology. This involved the use of the immunosuppressive drug cyclophosphamide to suppress the immune response of test animals to fungi showing cross-reactivity, i.e., to Histoplasma capsulatum. One monoclonal antibody, P4, which had a high titer by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, was shown to recognize a linear antigenic epitope of P. brasiliensis at a molecular size of 70,000 to 75,000 daltons by Western blot (immunoblot) analysis. The potential use of these monoclonal antibodies, which are the first species-specific probes to P. brasiliensis that have been produced, in the field of serodiagnosis is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Remote afterloading transurethral radiotherapy for prostatic cancer.

We have developed a technique of transurethral radiotherapy for prostatic cancer using a remote after-loading system. The radioactive source is a cobalt-60 pellet with 3.7-Ci activity. Four patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate were treated. In all patients, the local tumor response was rapid and satisfactory as judged by physical examination as well as ultrasonography. Serious complications were not seen. A new technique and preliminary clinical results are reported.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Specular microscopic observation of posterior corneal vesicles.

Specular microscopic investigation was conducted on 5 cases with the diagnosis compatible with posterior corneal vesicles. Endothelial cells were considerably enlarged with a more or less indistinct margin. Deposits onto endothelial cells were occasionally seen. The results of specular microscopy suggest that posterior corneal vesicles be classified as a nonfamilial, unilateral variant of posterior polymorphous dystrophy of the cornea.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Endotoxin and lysosomal protease activity in acute and chronic otitis media with effusion.

Endotoxin levels and lysosomal protease (collagenase, cathepsin B, and lysozyme) activity were measured in 104 middle ear effusions (MEEs) from patients with otitis media with effusion (OME). The MEE samples were classified into four groups: pediatric serous, mucoid, and acute, and adult serous. Endotoxin levels and lysosomal protease activity in MEEs were significantly different in the following order: adult less than serous less than mucoid less than acute groups, indicating that both endotoxin and lysosomal proteases are more closely related to the pathogenesis of pediatric chronic OME than to adult OME. In pediatric serous and mucoid effusions, endotoxin level had a significant correlation with activity of the lysosomal proteases. In conclusion, endotoxin enhances leukocyte infiltration into the middle ear, and lysosomal proteases released from leukocytes damage the middle ear mucosa and thereby prolong mucosal inflammation, which may be responsible for delayed recovery from acute OME.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Morphologic and biochemical study of vascular permeability of the middle ear mucosa in experimental otitis media.

The vascular permeability of the middle ear mucosa of chinchillas was examined by light and electron microscopy using horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Two kinds of experimental otitis media were used: serous otitis media (SOM) produced by eustachian tube obstruction and purulent otitis media (POM) produced by inoculation with Streptococcus pneumoniae type 7F. Normal mucosa showed no leakage of HRP. In SOM, vessels were dilated and tortuous, but they did not show HRP leakage. In POM, vessel leakage of HRP was extensive. Biochemically, we measured the middle ear effusion-to-serum ratio of both albumin and alpha 2-macroglobulin by an immunodiffusion method. The ratios of the two marker proteins for vascular permeability were significantly higher in POM than in SOM. This suggests that POM increases vascular permeability to a higher degree than SOM, and morphologic findings in the middle ear mucosa correlate with the biochemical composition of the middle ear effusion.

Albumins↗
PubMed1990

Effects of mononuclear cell leukemia on altered hepatocellular foci in Fischer 344 rats.

Quantitative stereologic analyses were conducted on hematoxylin and eosin-stained liver sections to investigate the potential effects of the presence of mononuclear cell leukemia in Fischer 344 rats on the occurrence of altered hepatocellular foci (AHF). The study consisted of 132 male and 144 female rats taken from control groups at the termination of seven, 2-year National Toxicology Program (NTP) carcinogenicity studies. A minimum of 10 male and 10 female rats were killed at 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 months into the seven NTP studies to assess progressive development of AHF. At the end of the studies, 43 males and 35 females had histologic evidence of mononuclear cell leukemia in the liver. There were no differences in the morphologic features of AHF between leukemic and non-leukemic rats; however, there was a decreased incidence of clear AHF in both sexes and in basophilic, vacuolated, and mixed-cell AHF in males. Stereologic analysis revealed that there was also a 40 to 73% reduction in the density of basophilic, clear, vacuolated, and mixed-cell AHF in male rats with leukemia and a 31 and 70% reduction in basophilic and clear AHF, respectively, in females with leukemia. The number of eosinophilic AHF was statistically unchanged in both sexes. The eosinophilic AHF, however, were 2.3 times larger and occupied a 4.3-fold greater volume fraction of the liver in leukemic male rats. Changes in the incidence and density of AHF were directly associated with the severity of the leukemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Allergen skin tests to insects, chironomid, caddis fly and silkworm moth, in patients with nasal allergy].

The present study was undertaken to assess the importance of insects as allergens causing nasal allergy. We performed intradermal skin tests with extracts from three insects, chironomid, caddis fly, and silkworm moth, on patients with nasal allergy and on volunteers among medical students. Twenty-two (27.5%) of 80 nasal allergic patients showed positive reactions to chironomid allergen and 9 (11.3%) had positive reactions to caddis fly allergen and 18 (22.5%) to silkworm moth allergen. These positive rates were as frequent as those to Candida or ragweed. Medical students were divided into two groups, symptomatic and asymptomatic, according to the presence or the absence of nasal allergy. Three (11.5%) of 26 symptomatic group showed positive reactions to chironomid and one (3.8%) to caddis fly and 5 (19.2%) to silkworm moth. While even 4 (8.3%) of 48 asymptomatic group showed positive reactions to chironomid, 2 (4.8%) to caddis fly, and 6 (12.5%) to silkworm moth. These results suggested that these insects, chironomid, caddis fly, and silkworm moth, are relatively common than we expected and suspected as important allergens in nasal allergy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[The histologic study of the inner ear in guinea pigs on anaphylatoxin].

Complement is known to relate to many inflammatory reactions. C4a, C3a and C5a, known as anaphylatoxins, are known to cause strong inflammatory reactions. In this study, the role of anaphylatoxins on the pathogenesis in the cochlea was examined. On hundred forty six male Harley guinea pigs, weighing about 350 grs, all susceptible to preyer's reflex, were used in this study. Anaphylatoxins were made from guinea pig serum treated with zymosan, and inoculated into the carotid artery of the guinea pigs. Parts of these animals were sacrificed and examined at ten minutes, one day, two days, three days, seven days, ten days and fifteen days after injection of anaphylatoxins. Pathological changes in inner ears were observed by light microscopy. After 10 minutes, inner ears were found morphologically normal. After one day, inner ears were found to be almost morphologically normal but the stria vascularis was observed with cystic formation. After two days, cystic formations in the stria vascularis were enlarged and Reissner's membranes were collapsed in some other animals. After three days, the stria vascularis in the various cochlear turns except in the basal turn, were extremely atrophied, some cochlear nerves showed degeneration and some cochlea showed endolymphatic hydrops. After seven days, ten days and fifteen days, the morphological changes showed atrophy in the stria vascularis similar to the results observed on the third days. Atrophy in the stria vascularis was improved gradually with time, but the degeneration of the cochlear nerve was not improved. Opinions have been divided on the cause of inner ear disease including Meniere's disease. Many authors have reported that infectious diseases, for example mumps, measles and cytomegalovirus infection, have caused human sensorineural hearing loss. These diseases have been reported to result in atrophy in the stria vascularis, degeneration of the cochlear nerve and some other pathological changes. In this study, it was clearly observed that the atrophy of the stria vascularis, the endolymphatic hydrops and other morphological changes were caused by introduction of anaphylatoxins. These results were similar to the pathological changes observed in inner ear diseases in human beings. Therefore, inflammatory substances, including anaphylatoxins, were closely related to the cause of inner ear diseases. The animal model used in this report is considered to be important for elucidating the pathogenesis of inner ear diseases.

Anaphylatoxins↗
PubMed1990

[Clinicostatical study on the sensorineural hearing loss accompanying otitis media with effusion].

It is pointed out that sensorineural hearing loss sometimes accompanies otitis media with effusion. In order to clarify the incidence and clinical features of sensorineural hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion, the cases over the past ten years were reviewed. During the period from January 1979 through December 1988, 1338 patients were diagnosed to have otitis media with effusion and showed reliable audiograms in our clinic. Among these patients, 237 patients (17.7%) showed sensorineural hearing loss, defined as a bone conduction loss of 25 dB or more at any one of the frequencies of 500 through 4 kHz. The incidence of sensorineural hearing loss increased as the age of the patients increased. By analyzing their clinical course, these 237 patients were classified into 3 groups according to the etiological relationship of sensorineural hearing loss and otitis media with effusion. In Group A which comprises 14 patients (1.0%), a strong causal relationship was suspected. This group was further divided into 2 subgroups. In one subgroup of 4 patients, sensorineural hearing loss developed rather rapidly during the course of otitis media with effusion and recovered gradually. In the other subgroup of 10 patients, sensorineural hearing loss progressed and did not recover. The clinical features of these 2 subgroups were quite different. In Group B which comprises 50 patients (3.7%), causal relationship was suspected but was not confirmed. Many of the patients in this group showed unilateral otitis media with effusion and the sensorineural hearing loss in the same ear, which was characteristically demonstrated as bone conduction loss at 2 and 4 kHz.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical observations of acute low-tone sensorineural hearing loss considered as cochlear hydrops].

Acute low-tone sensorineural hearing loss (ALHL) has the following three criteria; obscure origin, acute onset and sensorineural hearing loss limited to low frequencies. Sixteen cases of ALHL which were considered as cochlear hydrops using glycerol test and electrocochleogram were studied. All patients visited our department within two weeks after onset and were followed up for one year or more after initial examination. The subjective symptoms, the character of vestibular and hearing impairment and prognosis of 16 cases with ALHL were also investigated. The results were as follows. 1. Patients complained of ear fullness rather than hearing impairment. Four patients were unaware of hearing loss. 2. Recruitment phenomenon was found in all of 15 cases examined. Vestibular findings were mostly normal, except that spontaneous nystagmus was found in two cases and head-shaking nystagmus in one. 3. Recurrence and fluctuation of hearing impairment occurred in 14 cases. Three cases had an attack of rotatory vertigo once and two has diagnosed as Meniere's disease later. 4. During three months prior to last examination, hearing was stabilized in nine cases and continued to fluctuate in seven cases. In the former, hearing was improved in four cases, unchanged in three, and worsened in two. 5. Two patients underwent an endolymphatic sac operation and have had a good prognosis. 6. The authors suggest that most of ALHL should be considered as transient cochlear hydrops because the subjective symptom and audiological and vestibular findings of our cases are similar to those of cases which were reported as ALHL by other investigators. According to the findings of glycerol test and electrocochleogram, endolymphatic hydrops in ALHL is considered to exist in all turns of cochlea.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical evaluation of Cernilton on benign prostatic hypertrophy--a multiple center double-blind study with Paraprost].

A multiple center double blind study was performed to study the effectiveness of Cernilton (CN) on benign prostatic hypertrophy in comparison to Paraprost (PP). Among a total of 192 patients, overall effect was studied on 159 patients, overall safety rate on 178 patients and rate of effectiveness on 159 patients. There were no differences between the two groups in the selected patients, criteria for exclusion and drop out cases or background data of the patients. Impression of patients and overall effect by committee and physician judgment were slightly higher in the CN group compared to the PP group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. For the improvement in subjective symptoms, the rate of moderate improvement or more after 4 weeks by committee judgement was higher in the CN group compared to the PP group. The rate of improvement in protracted miction, which is an effective marker of urinary disturbance, was also higher in the CN group compared to the PP group. An analysis of objective symptoms showed a significant improvement in residual urinary volume, average flow rate, maximum flow rate and prostatic weight in the CN group. A significant improvement in the phased change of residual urinary volume was also seen in the CN group. No side effects or abnormalities in clinical test levels were noted in the CN group. By committee judgement, the rate of more than moderate effectiveness was 49.1% in the CN group compared to 41.2% in the PP group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. By physician's judgment, the rate of more than moderate effectiveness was 49.4% in the CN group compared to 46.3% in the PP group, but there was also no significant difference between the two groups. These results suggested that Cernilton was an effective drug for benign prostatic hypertrophy.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Hemostasis of the thyroid carcinoma invading the skin and trachea. Conservative treatment.

In most instances, the prognosis of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma is generally favorable and adequately controlled by surgery alone. In some cases, however, in which the tumor has remained or in recurrent cases, infiltrates surrounding the skin or trachea can result in uncontrollable hemorrhage which cannot be treated with conventional medical or surgical therapy. We present our attempts at hemostatic procedures in such cases. When a thyroid cancer for which radical surgery is not indicated invades the skin with hemorrhage, we remove the ulcerated skin area with as much of underlying cancerous tissue as possible, and cover the defect skin area with a Bakamjian's deltopectoral flap or a musculocutaneous flap. In the 4 cases we have experienced, there had been no ulceration of the flap skin or recurrent. When a thyroid cancer invades the tracheal wall resulting in an intratracheal tumor accompanied by hemoptysis, we attempt to perform bronchoscopic cauterization using Nd-YAG Laser. Cauterization is repeatedly performed weekly, up to five times in one series. In all cases, radioiodine therapy is used before or after treatment. In all 4 cases we have experienced, hemostasis and shrinkage of the tumor was achieved. No complication such as ulcer formation or perforation was noted.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[A study on preoperative administration of doxifluridine in carcinoma of the colon and rectum].

The usefulness of preoperative administration of Doxifluridine (5'-DFUR) for treating carcinoma of the colon and rectum was studied through a determination of 5-FU concentration in carcinoma, normal intestine, serum and lymph nodes concerned. 1,200 mg/day of 5'-DFUR was administrated orally to 16 patients with carcinoma of the colon and rectum over four days before surgery, and the specimens obtained by resecting the carcinoma were subjected to the mass spectrometry using a gas chromatography to determine 5-FU concentrations. The time needed for collection of the specimen from the final administration of 5'-DFUR was 3.0 to 20.5 hours (10.7 +/- 6.6 hrs). 5-FU concentrations were as follows: 75.8 +/- 61.2 ng/g in the carcinoma, 39.9 +/- 63.5 ng/g in the normal intestine and 26.8 +/- 52.4 ng/g in the lymph nodes concerned, which were significantly high as compared to serum level of 2.3 +/- 4.9 ng/ml (p less than 0.05). Further, a high level of 90.1 +/- 29.3 ng/g (n = 6) of the carcinoma was sustained even at 12 hours or more since final administration of 5'-DFUR. In view of histological patterns, the levels were 139.5 +/- 69.5 ng/g (n = 5) in well differentiated carcinoma and 46.9 +/- 27.4 ng/g (n = 11) in moderately differentiated carcinoma, the level being significantly high in the former (p less than 0.05). A histologic therapeutical effect was shown in one out of 16 cases, with the improvement that remained the score to grade 1. This was deemed due to the small dosage and a short duration of 5'-DFUR.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

[Guillain-Barré syndrome and disturbance in multiple organs associated with cytomegalovirus infection].

We presented a case of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) associated with pneumonitis, liver, pancreatic and renal dysfunction, and encephalopathy, who showed an increase in anti-cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody titer of the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A 41-year-old male admitted to our hospital with complaints of gait disturbance and muscle weakness in the extremities. The symptoms appeared following common cold, and developed gradually. Neurological examination showed mild mental symptoms, bilateral abducens, facial and bulbar palsy. Muscle weakness was shown on the neck and four extremities. Bilateral hand tremor, glove and stocking type sensory disturbance, and dysautonomia were also presented. Examination of the CSF revealed albumin-cytologic dissociation, and the anti-CMV antibody titer of the serum and CSF increased significantly. The titer of anti-CMV IgG antibody was 1:6400 in the serum, and was 1:80 in the CSF. Immunological examination showed no immunodeficiency. The conduction velocity of the peripheral motor and sensory nerves was decreased. The coefficient variation (CV%) of the R-R interval was also decreased. P1 and P2 latency and central conduction time for a somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) were also elongated, and paroxysmal abnormality was present on electroencephalogram (EEG). Two days after admission, pneumonitis appeared, leading to respiratory insufficiency. He needed respirator because of bulbar and respiratory disturbance. The chest roentgenogram revealed a consolidation-like shadow in the right upper lung filed. Two weeks after admission, liver, pancreatic and renal dysfunction was noted by biochemical examination of the blood, urinalysis, and abdominal echography. Since 10 days after the onset of GBS, 70 mg/day prednisolone was administered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗