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Biomedical subjects

T Goto

Publications and source records attributed to T Goto.

At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources

Evaluation of the chronotropic property of captopril in hypertensive patients.

Captopril was administered (50 mg orally) to 88 untreated hypertensive patients (70 with essential hypertension, eight with renal arterial disease, 10 with renal parenchymal disease) and to 25 hypertensive patients treated with sympatholytic or beta-blocking agent (20 with essential hypertension, five with renal arterial disease). In the former group, captopril caused a decrease in heart rate (HR) in 18 patients and an increase in only two. As a whole, captopril caused significant decreases in blood pressure without increase in HR. Significant negative correlation was observed between change in HR and plasma renin activity obtained before captopril administration (n = 79, r = -0.425, p less than 0.0001). Hypotensive and chronotropic effects of captopril were almost identical in untreated and treated patients. Hypotensive effects caused by captopril and nifedipine (20 mg orally) were almost identical. Nifedipine caused reflex tachycardia, while captopril caused slight bradycardia. Absence of compensatory tachycardia appears to be related to reduction of endogenous angiotensin II by captopril.U

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗

Effect of dietary sodium intake on the metabolism of prostaglandins in the kidney in hypertensive patients.

To investigate the role of renal prostaglandins (PGs) in the renal handling of sodium, urinary excretion of PGE, PGF2 alpha and PGF2 alpha MUM (main urinary metabolite of PGF2 alpha) were measured after various manipulations of dietary sodium intake in 8 hypertensive patients. A low sodium intake increased urinary excretion of PGF2 alpha MUM (p less than 0.05), but failed to change urinary excretion of PGE and PGF2 alpha. In contrast, a high sodium intake increased urinary excretion of PGE (p less than 0.01) and decreased urinary excretion of PGF2 alpha MUM (p less than 0.02). A low sodium intake decreased the ratio of urinary PGE/PGF2 alpha MUM and high sodium increased it (both p less than 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between urinary excretion of sodium and that of PGE (p less than 0.001). Additional oral administration of potassium chloride did not change urinary excretion of PGs. These results may suggest that dietary sodium intake may be one of the regulators of the metabolism of PGs in the kidney, supporting the hypothesis that renal PGE has a natriuretic action in humans.

Adult↗

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with demonstration of virus-like particles.

Two kinds of virus-like particles, doughnut-shaped particles and particles with dense core, were discovered in a brain tissue from a patient with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The two types of virus-like particles are similar to immature type C and type C particles. although no direct relationship between Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and these virus-like particles can be established, these facts may suggest that viruses play some role in the pathogenesis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Aged↗

[Optimal administration schedules of antineoplastic antibiotics based on their pharmacokinetics, with special reference to bleomycins and anthracyclines].

Optimal dose schedule of administration of antitumor antibiotics-bleomycin, adriamycin and aclacinomycin A-was reviewed from a point of view of pharmacokinetics. In case of bleomycin, according to its fast disappearance from blood, fast and significant excretion into urine, cell-cycle-dependent antitumor action, fast repair of potentially lethal damage, and pulmonary toxicity due to damage in endothelium of pulmonary capillary caused by high blood concentration of bleomycin, continuous intravenous administration seems to be a useful method to prevent pulmonary toxicity and to enhance antitumor effect. In case of adriamycin, according to its cardiotoxicity due to damage in cardiac muscle cell caused by high blood concentration on adriamycin, drip infusion or weekly low dose schedule is a safe, effective therapy to prevent cardiomyopathy. In case of aclacinomycin A, based on the mechanism of action of its marked inhibition in RNA synthesis compared to adriamycin, daily administration for certain days is an effective method.

Aclarubicin↗

[Experimental and clinical studies of cefmenoxime in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

The study group was organized to evaluate the usefulness of cefmenoxime (CMX) injection, a new synthetic cephalosporin, for the treatment of infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. Fundamental and clinical studies were made by the society and the following results were obtained. 1. The peak distribution of CMX's MIC for E. coli, Klebsiella sp., Enterobacter sp., Bacteroides sp. and Peptococcus sp. isolated from obstetrical and gynecological infections with relatively high frequencies area 0.1, less than or equal to 0.05, 0.2, 3.13, 1.56 micrograms/ml, respectively, with an inoculation of 10(6) cells/ml. 2. When 1 g of CMX is administered by intravenous drip infusion for 1 hour, the maximum concentrations in various tissues of female genital organs were as follows: 14.2 and 13.2 micrograms/g in ovary and oviduct, respectively, at 1.20 hours after the start of administration, and 16.9 and 26.3 micrograms/g in corpus uteri and cervix uteri, respectively, after 1 hour. As for the transfer to the exudate in the pelvic dead cavity, the peak concentration was 15.6 micrograms/ml after 2.13 hours. 3. In the clinical studies, CMX was given to 258 cases with female genital organ infections and others. As for the clinical effects, with exclusion of 3 cases in which other antibiotics are concomitantly used, responses were excellent in 76 cases, good in 162 cases and poor in 17 cases, among 255 cases in total. The efficacy rate was 93.3%. The efficacy rates by diseases were 97.1% (68/70) for intrauterine infections, 88.8% (79/89) for intrapelvic infections, 98.4% (62/63) for adnexitis, and 100% (23/23) for infections of external genital organs. As for the clinical effects on causative bacteria, the efficacy rates were 100% (19/19) for single infections due to Gram-positive bacteria, 94.8% (55/58) for single infections due to Gram-negative bacteria, and 88.2% (15/17) for single infections due to anaerobic bacteria. And its efficacy rates were 89.6% (69/77) for mixed infection cases. Side effects were observed in 2 cases (0.8%); 1 case with eruption, and 1 case with diarrhea and vomiting. As for abnormal laboratory findings, lower white blood cell count was observed in 2 cases and elevation of the values regarding hepatic functions in 9 cases. All cases were returned to the normal after the completion of the administration. Cefmenoxime showed a satisfactory clinical efficacy and a potent bacteriological effect in treatment of the infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, and it has been concluded that cefmenoxime will be useful addition to the antibiotics for the therapy of these infections.

Adolescent↗

Effect of acute water loading on urinary excretion of prostaglandin E in hypertensive patients.

To assess the relationship or urine flow to the urinary excretion of prostaglandin E (PGE), urinary excretion of PGE was measured before and after acute water loading (20 ml/kg orally) in patients with hypertension. Water loading promptly increased urinary excretion of PGE as well as urine flow rate and decreased urine osmolality (all p less than 0.001), but did not affect urinary excretions of sodium, potassium and creatinine, plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration. There was a significant positive correlation between urine flow rate and urinary PGE excretion rate (p less than 0.01). Urinary PGE concentration correlated negatively with urine flow rate when the flow was lower than 5 ml/min (p less than 0.01). Urinary PGE concentration correlated negatively with urine flow rate when the flow was lower than 5 ml/min (p less than 0.01), whereas it did not change when the urine flow rate was larger than 5 ml/min. These results may support the hypothesis that urinary excretion of PGE is determined mainly by urine flow rate in the situation of water diuresis.

Adult↗

Comparative study of bioavailabilities of different phenytoin preparations.

A comparative study of the serum phenytoin (PHT) concentration levels during the treatment with different PHT preparations (powders or tablets) manufactured by two Japanese pharmaceutical companies gave the following results: 1) The serum PHT concentration levels (S in microgram/ml) of children (aged 7-11) who were taking Company A's powder and phenobarbital were less than 2.0 microgram/ml in 21 out of 24 (87.5%) cases without correlation with the dosage (D in mg/kg). The levels in 19 children of the same ages taking Company A's tablets showed significant correlation with the dosage, and the regression line was S = 1.9D - 2.65 (r = 0.86). 2) In 33 cases, previously administered Company A's powder was substituted with different PHT preparations of the same or a lesser dosage; Company A's tablet in group I; powderized Company A's tablet in group II: Company B's powder in group III; and Company B's tablet (solid or powderized) in group IV. In all cases, the PHT S/D ratio increased after the substitution and the mean increase +/- SD was 1.3 +/- 1.2 (p less than 0.001) for group I, 1.0 +/- 0.1 (p less than 0.001) for group II, 0.45 +/- 0.1 (p less than 0.005) for group III, and 1.6 +/- 0.4 (p less than 0.015) for group IV. 3) Tested in five patients using three specially prepared phenytoin powders with different particle sizes clearly demonstrated the fact that the smaller the PHT particle, the higher the PHT S/D ratio. 4) It was suggested that the factors other than particle size of the drug should be taken into consideration in the interpretation of different bioavailabilities of different PHT preparations.

Administration, Oral↗