Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to T Goto.
A new antitumor antibiotic, FR900840, was isolated from a culture broth of Streptomyces strain No. 8727 as a pale yellowish prism and the molecular formula was determined to be C7H11N3O5. The antibiotic exhibited prominent antitumor effects on human tumor cell lines both in vitro and in vivo.
The structure of FR900840, a new antitumor antibiotic produced by a strain of Streptomyces has been deduced as 1 on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence and finally confirmed by synthesis from L-threonine and L-serine.
FR900840 [2S)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl (3R)-2-diazo-3-hydroxybutyrate), a new antibiotic with antitumor activity was isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces sp. No. 8727. Its antitumor activity was examined in three mouse tumor systems and ten human tumor systems. FR900840 had no clear effect on mouse ascitic tumors, P388 and L1210, and the B16 melanoma line, but had prominent antitumor effects on several human solid tumors. Its antitumor activity against A549 human lung adenocarcinoma was stronger than those of vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin. These results suggest that FR900840 may become a useful prototype antitumor drug.
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To study the nature and extent of mast cell heterogeneity within a single species, we have developed methodologies to isolate rat lung mast cells (LMC) and have compared these to peritoneal mast cells (PMC) and intestinal mucosal mast cells (IMMC). In normal and athymic nude (rnu/rnu) rats, a single intratracheal administration of bleomycin (5 U/kg) leads to pulmonary fibrosis accompanied by parenchymal hyperplasia of mast cells that are histochemically like PMC rather than IMMC. Using collagenase digestion of fibrotic rat lungs (30-80 days after bleomycin treatment), we recovered an average of 58.1 x 10(6) viable cells per rat, containing 2.5% mast cells. Control experiments in which PMC were subjected to the isolation procedure used for LMC showed that there was no qualitative effect on PMC, but that a reduction of 26-60% in responsiveness to secretagogues occurred. Isolated LMC secreted histamine in response to 48/80, A23187, substance P, VIP and somatostatin and bradykinin, but at lower levels than PMC. The anti-allergic compound theophylline, which does not inhibit antigen-induced histamine secretion by IMMC, was effective against both LMC and PMC. Taken together, the thymus independence of pulmonary mast cell hyperplasia, the histochemical characteristics and the responsiveness to secretagogues and anti-allergic compounds indicate that the majority of dispersed LMC are similar to PMC rather than to IMMC. Whether LMC should be considered analogous to PMC or, because of their size, histamine content and responsiveness to many secretagogues, intermediate between PMC and IMMC, remains to be determined through additional studies.
Influence of properties on bending strength of OPTEC porcelain, an experiment on four-point bending test was studied using four kinds of specimens (5 X 3 X 20) made of OPTEC porcelain (INCISAL) each of which was surface-treated; (1) glaze firing (no treatment) (2) polishing by emery paper #150 (3) polishing by alumina powder (0.3 microns) (4) glaze firing after polishing by emery paper #150 The test specimens were immersed in distilled water maintained at 37 +/- 1 degrees C broken into four-point bending at 1.0 mm/min, and their bending jig had on inner and outer span of 5 mm and 15 mm. The specimens graze fired after polishing had the highest bending strength, of 914 kg/km2, those polished with alumina powder, 831 kg/cm2, those graze 763 kg/cm2, and those polished with emery paper 705 kg/cm2. In conclusion, the bending strength of the porcelain was decreased by the surface roughness.
We administered general anesthesia for an emergency abdominal surgery due to duodenal ulcer hemorrhage. The patient was in postoperative state after femoral supracondylar fracture, in pre-shock state, of old age (97 y-o), with severe anemia, and hypoproteinemia, and complicated with a giant abdominal aneurysm and mild aortic regurgitation. Before the operation, the patient was transferred to ICU and had intravascular volume replaced (infused with blood 600 ml, crystalloid fluid 2000 ml, colloid fluid 500 ml) and received stomach lavage. Under monitoring of direct arterial pressure, after fully pre-oxygenation, fentanyl 0.1mg was administered slowly, and crush induction was performed by a small dose of thiopental and SCC. After induction of anesthesia systolic blood pressure decreased to 60 mmHg temporarily and it was maintained between 80 and 120 mmHg during the surgery, but tachycardia continued (90-110.min-1). In order to treat oliguria owing to pre-shock state, we administered dopamine and urinastatin continuously. The patient was transferred to ICU postoperatively and close attention was paid. Postoperative pain controlled was well by epidural morphine and bupivacaine. The postoperative course was uneventful without any complications. Twenty three days later, abdominal aortic aneurysm resection was performed uneventfully. In this paper, problems of preanesthetic and anesthetic management of emergency abdominal surgery for an aged patient were discussed.
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was evaluated as a means of reperfusion of the infarct-related coronary artery, and the results were compared with those of percutaneous transluminal coronary recanalization (PTCR). There were no difference in sex, age, infarct location and time from the onset to start of treatment between 135 patients with evolving acute myocardial infarction treated with PTCA (PTCA group) and 113 patients treated with PTCR alone (PTCR group). Fifty-nine patients in the PTCA group underwent PTCA following PTCR; the remaining 76 patients were without prior PTCR. Successful PTCA, defined as a 20% or more reduction in percent luminal stenosis diameter, was achieved in 123 (90%) of the 135 patients in the PTCA group. The reperfusion rate was 93% in the PTCA group and 77% in the PTCR group (p less than 0.01). Residual stenosis immediately after the treatment was 30 +/- 13% in the PTCA group and 70 +/- 16% in the PTCR group (p less than 0.01). In the PTCA group, three cases developed serious complications which were associated with angioplasty: coronary perforation, side branch occlusion resulting in cardiogenic shock and exacerbation of cardiogenic shock. The latter two patients died, however, there was no difference in hospital mortality rate: 6% in the PTCA group versus 11% in the PTCR group. At follow-up angiography performed four weeks after admission, reocclusion of the successfully recanalized arteries was observed in 3% of the PTCA group and in 14% of the PTCR group (p less than 0.01). Regional wall motion was evaluated by left ventriculography using a wall motion score system which consisted of six grades; from normal counted as 0, to dyskinesis counted as 5. There was no difference in the wall motion score between the successful PTCA group and the successful PTCR group (2.6 +/- 1.4 versus 2.8 +/- 1.4), but the scores of both groups were better than those of the non-recanalized group (3.4 +/- 1.0: p less than 0.01). In conclusion, PTCA and PTCR have the same effect on hospital mortality rate and regional wall motion, but PTCA has a higher reperfusion rate and a lower reocclusion rate than does PTCR. Although PTCA has a potential disadvantage inducing serious complications, it appears to be a useful treatment for acute myocardial infarction.
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This report describes the case of a 74-year-old female, who had been admitted to hospital because of epigastralgia and appetite loss. An ultrasonogram and a CT scan of the abdomen revealed a remarkable lymph node metastasis. Through an upper gastrointestinal tract (UGI) X-ray, a Borrmann III type gastric carcinoma was detected. Under endoscopic guidance, a gastric and a lymph node specimen were taken and biopsied, revealing a keratinous, well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, leading to a diagnosis of a primary gastric adenosquamous carcinoma with a remarkable lymphnode metastasis. After chemotherapy, a CT scan, a UGI X-ray, and an endoscopic examination revealed distinct tumor reduction.
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The characteristic narrowing of left main coronary artery (LMCA) was found in 44% of patients (pts) with atrial septal defect and pulmonary hypertension (ASD + PH). The cause of the narrowing is thought to be the compression by pulmonary trunk (PT). Cardiac catheterization and coronary arteriography (CAG) were performed in 38 pts with ASD ranging in age from 15 to 62 years. We defined abnormal narrowing as 50% or more stenosis of AHA classification. Sixteen pts (42%) had PH, and of these pts 7 show the abnormal narrowing of LMCA. (18% of all pts with ASD, 44% of pts with ASD + PH). They had no signs of syphilis or aortitis. Of the pts with PH, those with abnormal LMCA revealed higher pulmonary artery mean pressure than those with normal LMCA (43.6 +/- 17.3 and 27.1 +/- 5.5 mmHg respectively. p less than 0.01). Other parts of coronary arteries are intact in all pts. These findings suggest that the LMCA abnormality relates to PH. In all cases with LMCA abnormality the narrowing revealed some special features indicate the cause of narrowing is compression. First, the most severe part of narrowing was the coronary ostium, and severity reduced gradually as distal LMCA. Second, the narrowing was estimated most severely in the view of LAO 20, but almost normal in the view of RAO 30. This finding suggests the narrowing is ellipsoid. Third, the shape of LMCA changed in the different phase of cardiac cycle. In the systole, the cranial border of LMCA was convex, but in the diastole it was concave. This indicates LMCA was soft and compressed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A survey of the eye structure in 10 species of Sagitta (phylum Chaetognatha) which differ in habitat was carried out: 5 epipelagic, 4 mesopelagic and 1 bathypelagic species. Paying attention to the dimension of the pigment cell, and assuming that the perforated lamellae are the photoreceptive regions (PRs), we classified the eyes of the 10 species into 5 types. In type I and II eyes there is one large pigment cell. The maximum length of the pigment cell relative to that of the eye (PC/E) is more than 30% in dorsal view and more than 50% in transverse sections. The pigment cell is surrounded by a wide area of the PR that we designated "central PR". The type II eye possesses, in addition, near the periphery of the eye, masses of PRs which measure about 15% of the central one in size. We call these positionally separated PRs "peripheral PR". In type III eyes the pigment cell and the central PR are small (PC/E is about 10% in dorsal view and less than 40% in transverse sections) and the peripheral PRs are scattered. In type IV eye the pigment cell is also small and the central PRs extend to the periphery. In type V eye the pigment cell is absent and the PR occupies a wide area of the dorsal half of the eye. The type I and II eyes were found mostly in epipelagic species, the type III and IV, in mesopelagic species, and the type V, in bathypelagic species. The adaptational significance of the small pigment cells, the peripheral PRs, and the pigmentless eye is discussed. In addition, we report a new type of photoreceptive cell in mesopelagic Sagitta zetesios, in which two receptoral processes emerge from single cells, in contrast to one in all the other species of Sagitta.
The metabolic pathway of 1-methylhydantoin (2) via 5-hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin (3), methylparabanic acid (4) and N5-methyloxaluric acid (5) proved to be a major and general one in mammals. Hence the formation of (3), which has not been detected in normal tissue, is likely to be indirect in inflamed tissue, probably depending on the arising formation of (2) from creatinine (1).
The effects of lymphotoxin (LT) and interferon (IFN)-gamma on the capillary formation was examined using an in vitro angiogenesis model system. Both LT and IFN-gamma inhibited the capillary formation in a dose dependent manner. To elucidate the mode of action, effects of the lymphokines on endothelial and myofibroblastic cells were studied. We found that the lymphokines inhibited not only the growth of endothelial cells but also the production of collagen by myofibroblastic cells. These results suggest that the pleiotropic effects of the lymphokines on different types of cells might result in the inhibition of the capillary formation.
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