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Biomedical subjects

T Gordon

Publications and source records attributed to T Gordon.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Nutrient intake and serum lipids in urban and rural Puerto Rican men.

Dietary intake information was collected on 2,426 rural and 5,828 urban men free of coronary heart disease in the Pureto Rico Heart Health Program. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride, body weights, and related parameters were measured during a detailed cardiovascular examination. There were statistically significant differences between rural and urban values with respect to lipids, relative weight, and intake of many nutrients. Rural subjects had lower lipids and relative weights. Serum cholesterol was associated with relative weight in both rural and urban areas. In the urban areas, serum cholesterol was associated with intake of total fat, saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, total carbohydrate, and starch (all measured as percent of calories). It was also related to percent carbohydrate from starch and dietary cholesterol intake, even after relative weight was taken into account. The associations were of a low order, although statistically significant. The association of fasting triglycerides with some of the carbohydrate variables was statistically significant after relative weight was taken into account in the urban area. Overall, diet and relative weight can account for at most 6% of the variability in serum cholesterol observed, with at most 2.5% of the variability due diet alone.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

The Yugoslavia Cardiovascular Disease Study. 3. Death by cause and area.

In the seven years following initial examination (1964--65) 758 deaths were observed in 11,121 Yugoslav men aged 35--62. The mortality rate was similar to that found for men in the Framingham (Massachusetts) study. However, coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality was much lower in Yugoslavia but mortality from cancer, accidents and violence and respiratory disease was much higher. The excess cancer mortality was chiefly from stomach cancer. The excess respiratory mortality was from both tuberculosis and chronic obstructive respiratory disease. Within Yugoslavia there were area differences in mortality by cause but little difference in total mortality: in Tuzla (Bosnia) there was a higher respiratory disease mortality but a lower mortality from accidents and violence than in Remetinec (Croatia). In the rural areas of the study there was a higher mortality from respiratory diseases and accidents and violence than in urban areas but a counterbalancing lower mortality from cardiovascular diseases. The low coronary death rates and high cancer of the stomach death rates in this population present an important epidemiological challenge.

Accidents↗
PubMed1977

Differentiation of electrical and contractile properties of slow and fast muscle fibres.

1. The development of the electrical and contractile properties of slow anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) and fast posterior latissimus dorsi (PLD) muscles of the chick was studied. 2. At the earliest ages studied (14-16 days of incubation), the membrane resistance was similar in both muscles. Subsequently the membrane resistance of PLD decreased, and that of ALD increased. Electrical differentiation continued after hatching. 3. The contractile speeds of ALD and PLD muscles were similar in embryos at 14-16 days of incubation, and suddenly differentiated at 17-18 days. Unlike the electrical properties, contractile speeds changed little after hatching. 4. It is suggested that the different electrical properties of the membrane of the two types of muscle fibre develop as a result of the particular type of excitation imposed by their nerves.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1977

HDL cholesterol and other lipids in coronary heart disease. The cooperative lipoprotein phenotyping study.

The relation between coronary heart disease (CHD) prevalence and fasting lipid levels was assessed by a case-control study in five populations with a total of 6859 men and women of black, Japanese and white ancestry drawn from subjects aged 40 years and older from populations in Albany, Framingham, Evans County, Honolulu and San Francisco. In each major study group mean levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were lower in persons with CHD than in those without the disease. The average difference was small -- typically 3-4 mg/dl -- but statistically significant. It was found in most age-race-sex specific groups. The inverse HDL cholesterol-CHD association was not appreciably diminished when adjusted for levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglyceride. LDL, totoal cholesterol and triglycerides were directly related to CHD prevalence; surprisingly, these findings were less uniformly present in the various study groups than the inverse HDL cholesterol-CHD association.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Diabetes, blood lipids, and the role of obesity in coronary heart disease risk for women. The Framingham study.

Diabetes and a low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level are associated with each other and with a higher coronary heart disease risk in women. Moreover, both are strongly associated with obesity. These findings are reported from the Framington Study, in which persons aged 49 to 82 were characterized, after overnight fast, for blood lipids by the method of Fredrickson and Levy and then followed for the subsequent development of coronary heart disease. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was also associated with coronary heart disease risk in women, but fasting triglycerides were not associated with risk after allowing for the association with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and diabetes. A low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the presence of diabetes appeared to raise the coronary heart disease risk in women relative to that of men.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The effect of muscle extracts on the contracture response of skeletal muscle to acetylcholine.

Preincubation of normal rat soleus muscles in vitro with homogenates prepared from mixed leg muscles which had been denervated 4 days previously resulted in an increase in the contracture response to acetylcholine. After 30 min incubation a 1.5-fold increase was observed. Homogenates of normally innervated muscles did not increase the response. The active principles of the denervated muscles were found to reside in the "cytosol" fraction. An approximately 2-fold increase was observed upon incubation with the cytosol for 30 min; incubation for longer periods resulted in a subsequent decrease in the response. The effect of the denervated muscle cytosol was concentration-dependent and heat-labile. Normal muscle cytosol also increased the soleus muscle response to acetylcholine but this fraction was less effective than denervated muscle cytosol. The response of control muscles incubated in Krebs-Henseleit solution was found to decrease with time. Commercially obtained phospholipases C and D increased the response of normal soleus muscles approximatley 2-fold. Phospholipase A, lipase, trypsin, collagenase and a bacterial protease had no effect, lysozyme produced a small but consistent increase in the response to acetylcholine.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1976

A general cardiovascular risk profile: the Framingham Study.

Persons at high risk of cardiovascular disease can be effectively identified from a measurement of their serum cholesterol and blood pressure, a smoking history, an electrocardiogram and a determination of glucose intolerance. One general function for identifying persons at high risk of cardiovascular disease is also effective in identifying persons at risk for each of the specific diseases, coronary heart disease, atherothrombotic brain infarction, hypertensive heart disease and intermittent claudication, even though the variables used have a different impact on each particular disease. The 10 percent of persons identified with use of this function as at highest risk accounted for about one fifth of the 8 year incidence of coronary heart disease and about one third of the 8 year incidence of atherothrombotic brain infarction, hypertensive heart disease and intermittent claudication. Hence the function provides an economic and efficient method of identifying persons at high cardiovascular risk who need preventive treatment and persons at low risk who need not be alarmed about one moderately elevated risk characteristic.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Problems in the assessment of blood pressure: the Framingham Study.

The reliability of casual blood pressures for reflecting blood pressure status and predicting cardiovascular sequelae of hypertension was examined in the Framingham cohort of 5209 men and women followed for 18 years. Blood pressures were more variable in persons with higher levels. After controlling for pressure level the degree of variability in an individual at one point in time did not correlate with the degree of varability at another time. Although a single casual measurement does not afford a precise characterization for an individual it was found to be highly predictive of future cardiovascular disease. A series of blood pressure measurements (averaged) improved the predictability somewhat but this seemed to be fully explicable by the greater stability of an average of several measurements as against a single measurement.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The Yugoslavia cardiovascular disease study. II. Factors in the incidence of coronary heart disease.

In a 7-year follow-up of 11,121 Yugoslav men first examined in 1964-1965 when they were 35-62 years old, it was found that the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) was one-fourth that of a comparable Framingham (USA) group. Incidence in rural men was only 59% of urban men. In both urban and rural groups, men with higher blood pressures had greater CHD incidence, and cigarette smoking was also associated with greater incidence. In the urban but not the rural groups serum cholesterol and weight/height were also CHD risk factors. Levels of serum cholesterol and weight were lower in urban Yugoslavia than Framingham and lowest in rural Yugoslavia. At the same levels of these characteristics Framingham incidence was 3 times that in Yugoslavia. At the very low rural levels of weight and blood pressure CHD incidence was the same in urban as rural Yugoslav groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The effect of external calcium and magnesium ions on the response of denervated muscle to acetylcholine.

1. The effect of external Ca and Mg on the membrane depolarization and contracture of rat denervated muscle in response to acetylcholine, ACh, was studied. 2. Raising external Ca concentration reduced the rate of rise and the amplitude of the ACh contracture, and prolonged its time course. 3. Increasing external Ca reduced the membrane depolarization in response to ACh. The dose increment required to elicit depolarization in high Ca concentration increased with external Ca, and was greater for depolarization than for contracture. 4. External Mg was less effect than Ca in reducing ACh depolarization but was more effective in reducing contracture. In contrast to Ca, Mg did not alter the time course of relaxation. 5. It is concluded that external Ca has two opposing effects on the ACh contracture: one of stabilizing the membrane and the other of increasing intracellular Ca concentration. External Mg may interfere with Ca influx and hence reduce contractility.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1976

Menopause and risk of cardiovascular disease: the Framingham study.

The relation of menopause to cardiovascular disease incidence was examined in women less than 55 years old from the cohort of 2873 women in the initial Framingham examination. Although the number of person-years of experience during the 20 years of observation was nearly the same for premenopausal and postmenopausal status, there were only 20 cardiovascular events among the premenopausal women in this age group whereas 70 events occurred among the postmenopausal women of the same age. In each specific age group studied incidence rates were lower in premenopausal than postmenopausal women. This was also true for coronary heart disease. Contrast for "hard" diagnoses of cardiovascular disease (excluding diagnoses of angina pectoris and intermittent claudication) was in the same direction. Although cholesterol and hemoglobin did rise somewhat more steeply in women undergoing the menopause, this greater incidence of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women could not be explained by the influence of the menopause on the usual cardiovascular risk factors.

Adult↗