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Biomedical subjects

T Gordon

Publications and source records attributed to T Gordon.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

The association of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with dietary intake and alcohol consumption. The Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Study.

We examined the associations of diet and alcohol consumption with levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol using cross-sectional data from 4855 white participants, ages 20 years and older, seen at visit 2 of the Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Study. There was a strong positive gradient of HDL cholesterol levels with reported amount of alcohol intake in both men and women, regardless of type of alcoholic beverage consumed. We found a difference in HDL cholesterol levels between the two groups of participants who reported no alcohol consumption during the past week. Those who said that they never drank had lower mean HDL cholesterol levels than those who reported that they did drink but had not consumed any alcohol during the past week. Weaker inverse relations (p < 0.05) were found between HDL cholesterol levels and intakes of total carbohydrate sucrose and starch (percent calories and grams). Dietary saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat intakes were unrelated to HDL cholesterol levels; similarly, no association was seen for HDL cholesterol and total calories and total fat. Cholesterol intake (mg and mg/1000 calories) was generally unrelated to HDL cholesterol levels, except in women not taking exogenous gonadal hormones.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Differential atrophy of sensory and motor fibers following section of cat peripheral nerves.

Differential effects of peripheral nerve section on myelinated sensory and motor fiber populations were investigated in 5 hindlimb nerves of cats. Upon electrical stimulation of each nerve, monophasic compound action potentials were recorded from the L6, L7 and S1 dorsal and ventral roots, and the impedance of each root was measured. The decline in the electrical charge computed from potentials 43 to 252 days after nerve section gave a measure of the effect of axotomy on the diameters of sensory and of motor fibers in each nerve. No significant difference in the rate of atrophy of sensory and motor fibers was observed after about 45 days following nerve section. After about 145 and 245 days, however, dorsal root charge contributions had decreased significantly more than ventral root values. Exponential decay curves were fitted separately to charge data for sensory and for motor fibers. The calculated value for the endpoint of the decay was about 35% of the control value for motor fibers, and not significantly different from zero to sensory fibers. These results suggest that in response to axotomy, myelinated motor fiber diameters decline at first but later stabilize, while myelinated sensory fibers continue to decline and may atrophy completely if regeneration is prevented. Possible roles of electrical activity and of 'trophic' interactions with the periphery in the maintenance of cell properties are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Obesity, lipids, and glucose intolerance. The Framingham Study.

Some lipid and lipoprotein accompaniments of obesity and its association with glucose intolerance are examined in the Framingham cohort of 5209 men and women ages 30 to 59 examined biennially over 18 years. While beta and pre-beta lipoproteins were positively correlated with relative weight, high density lipoprotein cholesterol was inversely correlated. The association was strongest for high density lipoprotein cholesterol, varying little by age and sex. Triglyceride was a close second, but unlike high density lipoproteins, it and other lipids were more closely associated with obesity in men than women and in younger than older persons. Obese persons tended to have a greater likelihood of glycosuria and an increasing prevalence of diabetes. Relative weight in the Framingham cohort rose in both sexes to age 54, remained essentially unchanged until age 62 and then began to decline. Despite such changes body weights even 18 years apart had a correlation of 0.8. Men from each succeeding birth cohort were heavier, women were lighter, but even women from the most recent birth cohort were much more frequently above "desirable" weight than below it.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Cholesterol in the prediction of atherosclerotic disease. New perspectives based on the Framingham study.

Prospective data at Framingham and elsewhere have shown conclusively that risk of coronary heart disease in persons younger than age 50 is strikingly related to the serum total cholesterol level. Within so-called normal limits risk has been found to mount over a five-fold range. The impact has been found to be augmented by other risk factors. The contribution of the serum total cholesterol to risk has also been found to be determined by its partition in the various lipoprotein fractions. A relatively large amount of cholesterol in the low-density lipoprotein fraction is atherogenic, whereas that in the high-density fraction appears protective. The independent contribution of very-low density lipoprotein and its triglyceride or cholesterol content has, on the other hand, not been established. The previous position that virtually all of the lipid information pertaining to coronary heart disease resided in the serum total cholesterol must be accordingly modified.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

Compound action potentials recorded from mammalian peripheral nerves following ligation or resuturing.

1. Cat hind limb peripheral nerves were fitted with cuff recording electrodes, and their distal portions were later cut and ligated to prevent regeneration. The compound action potential amplitude initially declined with a time constant between 1 and 2 months and then remained relatively unchanged for periods of more than a year. Similar but smaller changes were observed in the conduction velocity of the nerves which also stabilized after a few months. 2. In nerves that were cut and resutured to their distal stumps or sutured directly to nearby muscles, a recovery was observed. The time course was well fitted by an initial exponential decay with a similar time constant to that above, followed by an exponential recovery with a longer time constant (3-4 months). Nerve conduction, muscle potentials and twitch tension often recovered to control values, even when the amplitude of the nerve compound action potential remained depressed. 3. Thus, nerve fibres survive axotomy for long periods of time and continue to conduct action potentials, even if unable to regenerate to appropriate end-organs. When regeneration is permitted, a fraction of nerve fibres may reinnervate nearly all end-organs. The diameter and conduction velocity of these nerve fibres presumably increase toward control values, while other fibres remain subnormal in these parameters. 4. Factors in the design of cuff electrodes which determine the amplitude of compound action potentials are described in an Appendix.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1978

Intermediate alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Yugoslavia.

As part of a larger investigation of factors associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among Yugoslavian men, an attempt was made to measure the role played by alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency in the causation of those diseases. Almost 3,000 men from Tuzla, an industrial and mining center in central Bosnia, were screened for alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. Twenty-six men heterozygous for the Pi MZ phenotype were found in this population. The men with the Pi MZ phenotype were compared with a random sample from the total population. The analysis of the data showed that there is an apparent physiologic impairment associated with Pi Z heterozygosity that produces a shift in the relationships between the different lung volumes without over-all hyperinflation, namely, an increase in residual volume at the expense of vital capacity. However, because of the low prevalence of the Pi Z gene, it does not appear to account for much of the high rate of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease found in this population.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Menopause and coronary heart disease. The Framingham Study.

A rise in coronary heart disease incidence after menopause and a dramatic increase in the severity of the presenting diseases are noted in a cohort of 2873 Framingham women who were followed up for 24 years. No premenopausal woman developed a myocardial infarction or died of coronary heart disease. Such events were common in postmenopausal women. Even in women under 55, 40% of the postmenopausal coronary heart disease presented in these more serious forms, whether menopause was natural or surgical. The contrast was especially marked in the age group 40 to 44 years. In the age groups 45 to 49 and 50 to 54 years, incidence rates in menopausal and postmenopausal intervals were more than double those in premenopausal intervals, whether menopause was natural or surgical. In surgical menopause there was excess incidence whether the ovaries were removed or not. Postmenopausal women on hormones had a doubled risk of coronary heart disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Predicting coronary heart disease in middle-aged and older persons. The Framington study.

Of 1,025 men and 1,445 women, aged 49 to 82 years, who were free of coronary heart disease (CHD), 79 men and 63 women subsequently had CHD. Using a risk function based on cholesterol in the high density and low density lipoproteins, systolic blood pressure, left ventricular hypertrophy, and diabetes, less than 2% of the subsequent CHD cases were found in the lowest decile of risk, whereas 25% of the cases for men and 37% for women were found in the highest decile. Predictability held for each specific age group. This predictability was at least as good as that obtained by the usual CHD risk profile at younger ages.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Alcohol and blood lipids. The cooperative lipoprotein phenotyping study.

Data from five study populations participating in the Cooperative Lipoprotein Phenotyping Study indicate strong relations between reported alcohol consumption and blood-lipids. Alcohol consumption was positively associated with high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol level in all populations (r from 0-16 to 0-30), the lipid level appearing to be a graded response even over the low levels of alcohol consumption reported. Less strong but consistently negative correlations were found with low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol. Plasma-triglycerides showed a modest positive correlation with alcohol. The five populations were those of the Albany, Evans County, Framingham, Honolulu, and San Francisco Studies.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Differentiation of slow and fast muscles in chickens.

1. The development of the characteristic histochemical appearance of the slow anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) and fast posterior latissimus dorsi (PLD) was studied in chickens during embryonic development as well as during regeneration of minced muscle. 2. During embryonic development the activity of the oxidative enzyme succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) is higher in the slow ALD muscle already at 16 days of incubation. At this time the fast PLD has a higher activity of the glycolytic enzyme, phosphorylase. Although the histochemical appearance of the two types of muscle is already different at 16 days, their contractile speeds are still similar. No difference in myosin ATP-ase was found in the two muscles in young embryos but in 20-day old embryos the two muscles became distinctly different when stained for this enzyme. 3. When PLD muscles in hatched chickens redeveloped during regeneration in place of ALD the histochemical characteristics of the regenerated muscle resembled ALD, and when ALD regenerated in place of PLD it resembled PLD. 4. It is concluded that the histochemical characteristics of slow and fast muscles become determined during early development, even before any difference in contractile properties can be detected and that they are determined by the nerve.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1977

High density lipoprotein as a protective factor against coronary heart disease. The Framingham Study.

Lipid and lipoprotein values, including fasting triglycerides and high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and total cholesterol levels, were obtained on 2,815 men and women aged 49 to 82 years chiefly between 1969 and 1971 at Framingham. In the approximately four years following the characterization of lipids, coronary heart disease developed in 79 of the 1,025 men and 63 of the 1,445 women free of coronary heart diseases. At these older ages the major potent lipid risk factor was HDL cholesterol, which had an inverse association with the incidence of coronary heart disease (p less than 0.001) in either men or women. This lipid was associated with each major manifestation of coronary heart disease. These associations were equally significant even when other lipids and other standard risk factors for coronary heart disease were taken into consideration. A weaker association with the incidence of coronary heart disease (p less than 0.05) was observed for LDL cholesterol. Triglycerides were associated with the incidence of coronary heart disease only in women and then only when the level of other lipids was not taken into account. At these ages total cholesterol was not associated with the risk of coronary heart disease.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Epidemiologic studies of coronary heart disease and stroke in Japanese men living in Japan, Hawaii and California. Incidence of myocardial infarction and death from coronary heart disease.

The incidence of myocardial infarction and death from coronary heart disease was studied in defined samples of 45 to 68 year old Japanese men in Japan, Hawaii and California. The incidence rate was lowest in Japan where it was half that observed in Hawaii (P less than 0.01). The youngest men in the sample in Japan were at particularly low risk. The incidence among Japanese men in California was nearly 50 percent greater than that of Japanese in Hawaii (P less than 0.05). A striking increase in the incidence of myocardial infarction appears to have occurred in the Japanese who migrated to the United States; this increase is more pronounced in California than in Hawaii.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Epidemiologic studies of coronary heart disease and stroke in Japanese men living in Japan, Hawaii and California. Coronary heart disease risk factors in Japan and Hawaii.

Various risk factors were evaluated to explain a significantly greater incidence of coronary heart disease in men of Japanese ancestry resident in Hawaii compared with men resident in Japan. The independent predictors of incidence of coronary heart disease in both Japan and Hawaii were systolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, relative weight and age. These factors appeared to influence incidence similarly in both areas because in each case the correlation coefficients for Japan and Hawaii did not differ significantly. The hypothesis that the greater incidence in Hawaii could be attributed to differences in levels of these risk factors was tested with the Walker-Duncan method. The four variable multiple logistic function describing the probability of coronary heart disease in Japan was applied to the cohort characteristics observed in Hawaii. The estimated incidence thus obtained was not significantly different from that actually observed in the men resident in Hawaii. Therefore the increased coronary risk profile in Hawaii compared with Japan can account for the greater incidence of coronary heart disease in the former. Current cigarette smoking was significantly related to the risk of coronary heart disease in Hawaii but not in Japan. This difference requires further investigation.

Age Factors↗