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Biomedical subjects

T Gilat

Publications and source records attributed to T Gilat.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Epidemiology of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: etiologic implications.

Good epidemiologic studies of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are available from only a limited number of geographic locations and populations. A review of the data reveals some interesting facts. There is considerable geographic variation in the incidence of both diseases, which is more marked for Crohn's disease. When various populations living in one geographic location were compared, great differences became apparent with respect to both diseases. Studies performed in nine different populations during the last three decades showed a marked rise, up to 400%, in the incidence of Crohn's disease in each population. No such rise was documented for ulcerative colitis. Studies on Ashkenazic Jews in different parts of the world showed very marked variations in the incidence of both diseases, better documented for Crohn's disease. Both diseases are very rare in several nonindustrialized populations and their incidence rises with migration to an urban environment. All these data point to the preponderance of environmental factors in the causation of these two diseases of unknown etiology.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Crohn's disease in the Jewish population of Tel-Aviv-Yafo. Epidemiologic and clinical aspects.

A survey of the incidence and prevalence of Crohn's disease in the Jewish population of Tel-Aviv-Yafo was carried out from 1970 to 1976. The annual incidence rate was 1.28, and the prevalence was 12.31 per 10(5) population. The prevalence of 16.69 per 10(5) population among Ashkenazi jews was significantly higher than that found in "non-Ashkenazi" Jews, 4.19 per 10(5) population. Even so, Crohn's disease is significantly less common in Tel-Aviv than outside Israel, according to most recently published surveys. Similarly, the complication, surgery, and mortality rate are less marked than those reported from other studies. These figures confirm the authors' impression that inflammatory bowel disease in general is less common and possible less severe in Tel-Aviv than in the United State and Western Europe. The strikingly higher prevalence in the Ashkenazi community, especially in the Israeli-born population, suggests a hereditary predisposition. The apparent differences among Askhenazi Jews in various parts of the world may relate to environmental factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Alterations of the colonic flora and their effect on the hydrogen breath test.

The hydrogen breath test was performed by ingestion of 20 g lactulose and analysis of end-expiratory air. Eighteen patients undergoing colonoscopy, 17 receiving antibiotics, 12 prepared for colon surgery, and 15 controls were examined. The test was repeated under control conditions in the treated patients. Eleven of 55 subjects failed to produce significant amounts of hydrogen under control conditions. This 20% proportion of non-hydrogen producers is much higher than that reported by other investigators. The hydrogen production was very markedly depressed after preparation for colonscopy and antibiotic therapy. The effect of neomycin and enemata as used in preparation for colon surgery was less marked. Hydrogen production by the colonic flora is thus subject to individual variations and may be affected by various therapeutic regimens. All these may cause false negative results when using the hydrogen breath test to evaluate carbohydrate absorption. The test should therefore not be performed for a considerable time after therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Is the fat breath test effective in the diagnosis of fat malabsorption and pancreatic disease?

An attempt was made to evaluate the diagnostic effectiveness of the 14CO2-tripalmitin breath test in the screening or diagnosis of fat malabsorption. The differential absorption of 14C-tripalmitin and palmitic acid was evaluated in the diagnosis of pancreatic insufficiency. 24 controls, 13 patients with steatorrhea and 6 with pancreatic disease (4 of them with sufficiency) were studied. 81 breath tests were performed using 75 ml sour cream as a carrier. In 11 cases the 14C-tripalmitin test was repeated using 27 g corn oil as carrier. Both the 14C-tripalmitin and 14C-palmitic acid breath tests failed to provide any discrimination between normals and patients with fat malabsorption. Variation in type and amount of the carrier fat did not alter these results. 14C-tripalmitin absorption was distinctly abnormal in the patients with pancreatic insufficiency. The differential absorption of 14C-tripalmitin and 14C-palmitic acid provided an even better separation between patients with and without pancreatic disease. In contrast to some other investigators we did not find the 14C-tripalmitin and/or palmitic acid breath tests useful in the diagnosis or screening of fat malabsorption. These tests appear promising in the diagnosis of pancreatic disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Study of gastric emptying using a ferromagnetic tracer.

A new ferromagnetic method for the measurement of gastric emptying is described. An inert tracer, magnesium ferrite, is added to a test meal. Its amount in the stomach is then measured at regular intervals by an external transducer using its ferromagnetic properties. The method is noninvasive and devoid of radiation exposure. The magnetic fields used are harmless. The feasibility, reliability, and reproducibility of the method are described. Gastric emptying was studied in 61 subjects. The shape of the gastric emptying curve conformed best to an exponential function. The mean half-time of gastric emptying was 49 +/- 17.4 min. In this limited series age and sex did not affect gastric emptying.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Evaluation of a magnetic method for the measurement of small intestinal transit time.

A new method for the measurement of small intestinal transit time is described. An externally applied magnetic transducer senses the presence of an ingested ferromagnetic material--50 gm. of magnesium ferrite dispersed in a test meal--upon its arrival at the cecal area. The mouth-to-cecum transit time is thus determined. The method is noninvasive and is not associated with any radiation. The method was compared to the commonly used x-ray method and good correlation was found in 24 of 28 studies. The mean transit time in a group of 20 normal subjects was 157.5 +/- 63.9 min.

Adult↗