Biomedical subjects
T Gelfand
Publications and source records attributed to T Gelfand.
Esters of phosphonopropionic and phosphonoacetic acids: effect on synthesis of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antigens and on transformation of cord blood lymphocytes by EBV.
Cell cytotoxicity, inhibition of synthesis of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viral capsid antigen (VCA), nuclear antigen (EBNA) and transformation of human cord blood lymphocytes (CBL) by EBV, were studied using the disodium salt of phosphonoacetic acid (PAA), ethyl diethyl-phosphonoacetate (Et-PAA) and two derivatives of phosphonopropionic acid: ethyl diethyl-2-phosphonopropionate (Et-2-PPA) and ethyl diethyl-3-phosphonopropionate (Et-3-PPA). These substances were tested on EBV producing cell lines, B.95-8 and P3HR1. VCA and EBNA synthesis were determined by immunofluorescence and transformation of CBL by 3H-thymidine uptake. Up to 100 micrograms/ml of PAA were not toxic to 2.10(5) cells. Et-PAA, Et-2-PPA and Et-3-PPA were nontoxic at concentrations up to 2000 micrograms/ml. PAA inhibited 82.05% of EBV VCA synthesis at a concentration of 50 micrograms/ml. Et-PAA inhibited 47.01% of VCA at a concentration of 100 micrograms/ml and 78.09% at a concentration of 2000 micrograms/ml. Et-2-PPA inhibited 41.04% of VCA at 100 micrograms/ml and 80.87% when used at 2000 micrograms/ml. Et-3-PPA inhibited 35.06% of VCA at 100 micrograms/ml and 69.92% at 2000 micrograms/ml. Removal of the substances restored VCA synthesis. EBNA synthesis was not affected by these substances. PAA completely inhibited the transformation of human CBL by EBV at a concentration of 100 micrograms/ml. Et-PAA at a concentration of 2000 micrograms/ml completely inhibited 3H-thymidine uptake. ET-2-PPA was less effective whereas Et-3-PPA had almost no effects at the same concentration.
Public medicine and medical careers in France during the reign of Louis XV.
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Two cultures, one profession: the surgeons of France in the eighteenth century.
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A clinical ideal: Paris 1789.
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The origins of a modern concept of medical specialization: John Morgan's Discourse of 1765.
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From guild to profession: the surgeons of France in the 18th Century;.
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A confrontation over clinical instruction at the Hôtel-Dieu of Paris during the French Revolution.
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Gastric acid response to 2-deoxy-D-glucose in chronic fistula rats.
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The Contestations between the Paris College of Surgery and the Faculty of Medicine (1743-1750).
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Charcot's response to Freud's rebellion.
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The "Paris manner" of dissection: student anatomical dissection in early eighteenth-century Paris.
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The hospice of the Paris College of Surgery (1774-1793): "a unique and invaluable institution".
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Empiricism and eighteenth-century French surgery.
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["Charcot, international physician"].
The theme of Charcot's world-wide reputation is considered from the threefold perspective of 1) the role of various countries in his professional ascension as orchestrated through contacts with foreign colleagues and travels abroad 2) his foreign students at the Salpêtrière and 3) his international clientele. After a preliminary analysis of the remarkable number and proportion of Paris medical theses written by foreign medical students over which Charcot presided, Charcot's special rapport with the international community is discussed in terms of three case examples: 1) Great Britain and the United States 2) Russia 3) German-speaking countries. The Anglo-Saxon example sheds light on the first half of Charcot's career prior to the establishment of his professorial chair in neurology, a period of increasing prestige culminating in the recognition of his preeminence by his colleagues at the London international medical congress of 1881. The Russian example emphasizes Charcot's personal charisma as a practitioner and healer with an affluent clientele. Finally the example of Charcot's rapport with German-speaking colleagues and students shows his intense scientific competitiveness in putting forward his conception of hysteria in the context of France's hostility toward the victors of 1870. In conclusion, the claim is made that Charcot's international success was not merely a passive honorific consequence of his work but a strategy actively pursued by the chief of the Salpêtrière in order to advance his Salpêtrière school at home and defeat opposition to his programme by rivals.