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Biomedical subjects

T Fukuda

Publications and source records attributed to T Fukuda.

At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Two cases of parathyroid carcinoma in patients on long-term hemodialysis.

Two cases of parathyroid carcinoma, in a 46-year-old male on maintenance hemodialysis for 135 months and a 55-year-old female on maintenance hemodialysis for 64 months were reported. In both cases, the parathyroid carcinoma showed local invasion and the other glands were hyperplasia and/or adenoma, which would support the concept of malignant transformation occurring in parathyroid hyperplasia. The concurrence of parathyroid carcinoma with hyperplasia and/or adenoma is a pertinent feature in patients on maintenance dialysis, although it is rare in primary parathyroid carcinoma.

Female↗
PubMed1990

Effects of ozone exposure on experimental asthma in guinea pigs sensitized with ovalbumin through the airway.

As ozone (O3) is known to cause airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness, we examined the effects of O3 exposure (1, 3, or 5 ppm, 2 h) on sensitization and provocation in guinea pigs sensitized with ovalbumin (OA) through the airway. In groups exposed to O3 before sensitization, 5 ppm increased the production of IgG1 antibodies and decreased the OA sensitization threshold from 0.01 to 0.002%. In those exposed before provocation, 1, 3, or 5 ppm of O3 decreased the OA provocation threshold from 0.5 to 0.02%, and this enhancement appeared to depend on airway hyperresponsiveness. We conclude that O3 exposure may play an important role in causing asthmatic attacks rather than enhancing allergic sensitization.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1990

Cycloid psychoses as atypical psychoses: 'concordance' and 'discordance'.

The term 'atypical psychosis' coined by Mitsuda in 1942 describes a group of psychosis that show similarities to schizophrenia as well as manic-depressive diseases. It is controversial whether it refers to a uniform group of diseases exposing typical characteristics. According to Leonhard a typical uniform group of cycloid psychoses can be contrasted with a group of atypical schizophrenias. The position of the so-called atypical psychoses in the sense of a nosological position within the classification systems of different psychiatric schools will be analyzed and discussed.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1990

Acute exposure to cigarette smoke induces airway hyperresponsiveness without airway inflammation in guinea pigs. Dose-response characteristics.

We examined whether acute exposure to a low dose of cigarette smoke causes an increase in airway responsiveness in guinea pigs and whether the changes in airway responsiveness are accompanied by increased vascular permeability or neutrophil influx in the trachea. Animals were divided into four groups: groups exposed to 5, 10, or 20 puffs of cigarette smoke and a control group. Airway responsiveness was assessed by measuring specific airway resistance (SRaw) as a function of increasing concentration of inhaled methacholine (Mch) aerosol immediately, 5 h, and 24 h after exposure. In parallel studies, tracheal vascular permeability was quantified by measuring the tracheal extravasation of intravenously administered Evans blue dye, and neutrophil influx into the tracheal mucosa was quantified by counting cells within whole mounts of tracheas that were stained with Giemsa. Exposure to 5 puffs of cigarette smoke caused no changes in airway responsiveness. Exposure to 10 puffs induced airway hyperresponsiveness only immediately after exposure. Exposure to 20 puffs induced airway hyperresponsiveness not only immediately but also 5 h after exposure. There was a significant correlation between the dose (puffs) of cigarette smoke and increase in airway responsiveness immediately after exposure (r = 0.77; p less than 0.001). The tracheal extravasation of intravenously administered Evans blue dye and the number of neutrophils in the tracheal mucosa did not differ significantly from the corresponding control values at any time or in any exposed group. Furthermore, none of these changes was observed in the airways distal to the trachea of any animal immediately after exposure to 20 puffs of cigarette smoke.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1990

Relation of disposition kinetics to pharmacological effect of intravenous administration of chlorzoxazone in rats.

The quantitative relationship between a drug disposition and the pharmacological effect was examined in rats using chlorzoxazone (CZX), a centrally acting muscle relaxant, as a model drug. After intravenous administration of CZX, the decay of the plasma concentration was rapid and it was found that CZX obeyed one compartment open model in the dose range of 5 to 25 mg/kg studied. The pharmacological response intensity was determined by means of the crossed extensor reflex. The duration of the muscle relaxant effect was proportional to the logarithm of the dose of CZX. The time course of the calculated plasma concentration was well related to the pharmacological response intensity via a Hill's equation and the simulated pharmacological response intensity which was obtained by means of the equation was coincident to the time course of the response data. These results indicated that the time course of pharmacological response intensity was able to be predicted using the time course of plasma concentrations. From the analysis of the quantitative relationship between the concentration and the effect under the present experimental conditions studied, it was found that the biophase compartment was identical to the central compartment as long as the first order processes were proceeding. These findings implied that the time course of pharmacological response would be quantitatively predictable from the disposition kinetics of CZX after the intravenous administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Potential neuroleptic agents, N-[(2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-carboxamide derivatives.

A series of 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-carboxamides, presenting a stabilized intramolecular hydrogen bond, was synthesized and evaluated in pharmacological models for antipsychotic activity. Among them, N-[(1-butyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl]-2-methyl-5-sulfamoyl-2, 3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-carboxamide (15) showed an atypical neuroleptic profile similar to that of sulpiride (1) and more lipophilic properties than 1. Compound 15 was 11 times more potent in antagonistic activity on apomorphine-induced hyperactivity in mice (ED50 = 30 mg/kg, p.o.) and stronger in potentiation of methamphetamine lethality in rats than 1, while it was as weak in inhibitory activity of apomorphine-induced stereotype in rats (ED50 greater than 500 mg/kg, p.o.) as 1. On the other hand, N-[(1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl]-2-methyl-5-methylthio-2, 3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-carboxamide (30) showed a classical neuroleptic profile with a potency comparable to haloperidol in antagonistic activity on apomorphine-induced hyperactivity in mice (ED50 = 0.65 mg/kg, p.o.). The structure-activity relationships were also discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Existence of three forms of H2M2 isoenzyme of lactate dehydrogenase.

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was purified from rat and bovine tissues by affinity chromatography on immobilized colchicine and used for the separation of isoenzymes by high-performance anion-exchange liquid chromatography (HPLC). This analysis showed the splitting of rat H2M2 into three peaks and of bovine H2M2 into two peaks. The heat stability, inactivation rate of urea and electrophoretic mobility of isoenzymes were examined and these analyses indicated differences in physicochemical properties for the respective peaks of rat and bovine H2M2. In hybridization experiments, the splitting of H2M2 into three peaks was achieved only with the combination of rat H4 and rat M4, while the other combinations of bovine H4 and bovine M4, of rat H4 and bovine M4 and of bovine H4 and rat M4 resulted in two H2M2 peaks. These results demonstrate that H2M2 of LDH in normal rat and bovine tissues is always split into two or three peaks by HPLC and that these H2M2 peaks have different physicochemical properties, suggesting the existence of three possible geometrical isomers of H2M2.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Effect of Y-516 on the hyperactivity induced by dopamine injected bilaterally into the nucleus accumbens].

The effect of Y-516 on the hyperactivity induced by dopamine injected bilaterally into the nucleus accumbens was compared with those of clocapramine (CCP), haloperidol (HPD) and chlorpromazine (CPZ). Dopamine (5-50 micrograms) injected into the nucleus accumbens induced a dose-dependent hyperactivity following pretreatment with nialamide (100 mg/kg, i.p., 2 hr). The hyperactivity induced by 10 micrograms of dopamine was antagonized by the i.p. administration of Y-516 (0.5-1.0 mg/kg), CCP (5-25 mg/kg), HPD (0.05-0.5 mg/kg) and CPZ (1-5 mg/kg) in a dose-dependent manner. The ED50 values of Y-516, CCP, HPD and CPZ were 0.85, 16.5, 0.098 and 2.53 mg/kg, respectively. These results suggest that Y-516 has a potential inhibitory effect on the mesolimbic dopaminergic system and may be a beneficial neuroleptic drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Effect of cysteine ethylester hydrochloride (Cystanin) on host defense mechanisms (V): Potentiation of nitroblue tetrazolium reduction and chemiluminescence in macrophages or leukocytes of mice or rats.

L-Cysteine ethylester hydrochloride (Cystanin, ethylcysteine) at doses of 3-30 mg/kg, p.o., potentiated the reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) by mouse peritoneal macrophages ex vivo. In in vitro experiments, this drug (30 microM) augmented NBT reduction of mouse peritoneal macrophages induced by opsonized zymosan (OZ). At the same concentration, this drug accelerated the enhancement of the OZ-induced NBT reduction by the addition of concanavalin A, N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine or phorbol myristate acetate. This enhancing effect of ethylcysteine was completely diminished by the addition of SOD, sodium azide and catalase. In ex vivo experiments, the OZ-induced chemiluminescence of rat peritoneal macrophages and white blood cells was enhanced by the administration of ethylcysteine at doses of 3-10 mg/kg (i.p.) and 3-30 mg/kg (p.o.). In addition, this drug significantly enhanced the lumisphere-induced chemiluminescence of rat peritoneal leukocytes at 30 mg/kg (i.p.), but not the OZ-induced chemiluminescence. In in vitro experiments, this drug (30 microM) did not enhance the OZ-induced chemiluminescence response of rat peritoneal macrophages. These results suggest that ethylcysteine may enhance the intracellular generation of antimicrobial oxidants in macrophages and leukocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Inhibitory effect of FK-506 on the development of late asthmatic response and on the increased bronchial responsiveness].

We examined the effects of FK-506, a potent immunosuppressive agent, on the development of late asthmatic response (LAR) and on the increased bronchial responsiveness to acetylcholine following LAR in guinea pig model of asthma. Guinea pigs sensitized by repeated inhalation of ovalbumin (OA) were intravenously given metopiron 24 hours before and 30 minutes before antigen challenge and to prevent death from immediate severe bronchoconstriction, chlorpheniramine maleate was also injected. When we defined LAR as the responses with a two-fold increase in respiratory resistance during the late phase of antigen challenge, twelve out of fifteen control animals demonstrated apparent LAR. However, when guinea pigs were treated with FK-506 from the beginning of immunization period, the development of LAR was completely inhibited, although similar magnitude of immediate bronchoconstriction was observed, and a subsequent increase in bronchial responsiveness was significantly blocked. We also measured bronchial responsiveness to acetylcholine before, 24 and 72 hours after antigen challenge. FK-506-treated animals inhibited an increase in bronchial responsiveness to acetylcholine. These results suggest that the involvement of cell-mediated immunity may be important in the development of LAR and an increase in bronchial responsiveness.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Relative potency of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and Bacillus sphaericus 2362 for Mansonia titillans and Mansonia dyari.

Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (B.t.i.), HD-968-S-1983, and a primary powder of Bacillus sphaericus 2362 were assayed against Mansonia titillans and Ma. dyari. The susceptibility of the 2 species to the individual bacterial toxins was similar. The B.t.i. LC50 values were 50.5 micrograms/liter for Ma. dyari and 54.7 micrograms/liter for Ma. titillans; the B. sphaericus LC50 values were 339.0 micrograms/liter and 347.2 micrograms/liter, respectively. The log dose-probit mortality lines were parallel for both target species. The potency of B. sphaericus relative to B.t.i. was 0.15 for Ma. dyari and 0.16 for Ma. titillans.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Cytoprotection by histamine in rat gastric mucosa.

The effects of histamine on endogenous prostaglandins and on the damage caused by 0.6 N HCl were tested in rat gastric mucosa. The damage was assessed both macroscopically and microscopically. Histamine increased the prostaglandin E2 level in vivo and stimulated the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha in vitro. These effects of histamine were inhibited by treatment with cimetidine beforehand. Histamine inhibited both the gross visible mucosal damage and deep necrosis caused by the intragastric instillation of 0.6 N HCl. This effect was overcome by cimetidine or indomethacin, but not by diphenhydramine. These results suggest that histamine stimulates prostaglandin synthesis and induces cytoprotection in rat gastric mucosa, perhaps with the involvement of the H2 receptor.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Creola bodies and the eosinophil cationic protein in sputum in acute asthmatic attacks with respect to their clinical significance].

Creola bodies (CrB) are characteristically present in sputa from patients with asthma. We studied the relationship among the numbers of CrB, the course of asthmatic attacks and the concentration of sputum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP). Twenty-two asthmatic attacks in 17 patients were studied. Sputum collections pulmonary function tests were made before or during treatment in patients who came to the outpatient clinic or emergency room. Smears of 100 microliters of sputum were made on glass slides and CrB were studied over the whole area of glass slide stained with Papanicolaou's stain. CrB scores were determined from the number and the size of CrB on each slide. In hospitalized patients the CrB scores, the concentrations of sputum ECP and the severity scores of asthmatic attacks were highest on the day of admission, decreasing in association with each other and returning to the baseline level in approximately 5 days. There were significant correlations among the CrB score, the concentration of sputum ECP and %FEV1.0 (p less than 0.001). The CrB score on the day of clinical appraisal significantly correlated with the number 6f days of treatment needed for remission. These results are in keeping with the hypothesis that eosinophils cause desquamation of respiratory epithelial cells resulting in prolongation of asthmatic attacks. Observation of CrB seemed to be useful as a marker of duration of asthmatic attacks.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

[The muscle polarization of Drosophila larva].

It has been clear that the polarization curve shows a peak phenomenon when the applying potential is increased. This peak was observed in the Drosophila larval muscle and it showed different between the normal and mutant. It was expected that the potential of polarization could be expressed as a simple exponential function when the applying potential was very weak. So it was tried in this article by using the Drosophila larva.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Intracranial hematoma accompanying bleeding tendency: therapeutic practice and analysis of literature].

Therapies and prognoses covering fifteen cases of intracranial hematoma (ICrH) accompanying various types of bleeding tendency (BTD) were studied along with a secondary analysis of the pertinent references. Fifteen cases were divided into two groups, Group A comprising 11 cases of ICrH accompanying primary BTD, and Group B comprising four cases of ICrH accompanying secondary BTD caused by various underlying diseases. Group A included four cases of hemophilia A (Hp-A), two cases of factor XIII deficiency (FXIII-d), three cases of thrombocytopenia (Th-p) and two cases of vitamin K deficiency (VK-d). The four cases of Hp-A responded favorably, with good prognoses, to a supplementary therapy alone. This result was endorsed by the development of therapy as documented in the references. The combined five cases of FXIII-d and Th-p tended without exception, to show good prognoses in the wake of a combination therapy of supplementary treatment and surgical procedure. As regards FXIII-d, there was an inter-reference difference in supplementary doses. Many references shared the view that splenectomy was essential to the treatment of Th-p in general, and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in particular. The current study also suggested that gammaglobulin in large doses would serve as an effective therapy. The two cases of VK-d suffered from a serious degree of lingering neurologic manifestations, although their lives were saved. Even though there is an established therapy for it, VK-d was found to be a problem with poor functional prognosis showing the importance of the preventive approach. Group B was classified into the acute type and the subacute type depending on the rate of pathologic development. As underlying diseases DIC and myelofibrosis due to acute myeloblastic leukemia, and Th-p due to aplastic anemia were noted in two cases in each group. Of these, two cases of the subacute type were able to be saved, while two cases of the acute type followed poor prognostic courses resulting, eventually, in death. The following were found to be responsible fatal factors: 1) causes of BTD which involved both mechanisms of coagulation and hemostasis, 2) non-removal of the underlying disease, in which case supplementary therapy tended to be futile, and 3) the underlying disease per se as a danger to the life of the patient. In conclusion, therapeutic rationale and prognosis in ICrH accompanying primary type of BTD will benefit from the implementation of an adequate augmentative therapy as in the ordinary type of ICrH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗