Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T Fujioka

Publications and source records attributed to T Fujioka.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate: a case report].

The patient was a 77-year-old man who visited our clinic with a chief complaint of dysuria. Digital rectal examination suggested prostatic carcinoma, but prostatic tumor marker levels were within normal limits. Transrectal needle biopsy was performed and histology was squamous cell carcinoma. Radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection were performed with the diagnosis of T3N0M0 primary squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate. The 127 gm. tumor was moderately differentiated pT3N2M0 squamous cell carcinoma. Metastasis to the bilateral internal iliac arterial lymph nodes was confirmed histologically. Therefore, four courses of chemotherapy were performed using methotrexate, cisplatin, and pepleomycin. However, local recurrence was observed 11 months postoperatively and multiple pulmonary metastasis was developed at 13 months. The patient died of the disease 14 months after the operation. In Japan, seven cases of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate have been reported, but none of these patients were treated by radical prostatectomy when the diagnosis was established by preoperative biopsy. In this case, changes in the squamous cell carcinoma antigen level in the blood corresponded to the effect of postoperative chemotherapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Polymyositis after interferon beta treatment of chronic hepatitis type C].

We reported a case of polymyositis manifested after beta-interferon therapy for chronic viral hepatitis type C. In November 1992, a 62-year-old female was diagnosed as having chronic viral hepatitis type C. In January 1993, she was treated with beta-interferon(total 2.52 x 10(8)IU). In March 1993, after the treatment, she noticed weakness and atrophy of her lower extremities. Neurological examination revealed proximal dominant muscle weakness and atrophy of the extremities. Increased levels of serum CK and aldolase were disclosed on admission. By needle EMG, a low voltage with short duration interference pattern was noted. February 7, by muscle biopsy of the right quadriceps, necrotic myofibers, marked variation in fiber diameter, stromal mononuclear cell infiltration, and endomysial fibrosis was detected. The immunological stain of infiltrating cells in the muscle fibers revealed CD4:CD8 ratio as 64:55, whereas in conventional polymyositis CD8 cells dominate CD4 cells. Diagnosis of polymyositis was made and oral prednisolone 60 mg a day was started. Her symptoms and signs improved gradually and she was discharged after 2 months. Many adverse effects due to immunological disturbances caused by interferon treatment have been reported, but polymyositis due to interferon has been very rare. When interferon will be prescribed, manifestation of polymyositis should be considered.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1996

[Immunohistochemical examination for p53 overexpression in Ta bladder cancer with disease progression].

To evaluate the significance of p53 overexpression on the progression of bladder cancer, seven patients with Ta bladder cancer who eventually progressed to the invasive stage ( > or = stage T1) were immunohistochemically analyzed. The immunohistochemical study was performed using the p53 protein antibody on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections from all primary and recurrent tumors. In three patients, immunoreactivity was detected only at the time of disease progression, suggesting that p53 mutation may be related to the disease. However, since no staining could not be found in stage Ta bladder cancer, the patient with a risk of progression could not be detected by this immunohistochemical study.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Distribution of irrigating fluid to intracellular and extracellular fluid space during transurethral prostatectomy I--Estimation of irrigating fluid absorbed by measuring serum osmolality].

Twenty-three patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) under spinal anesthesia were studied. The irrigating fluid widely used in Japan is a hypo-osmolar solution with 3% sorbitol (Uromatic S, 170 mOsm.kgH2O-1, Baxter). The blood loss and the distribution of the irrigating fluid absorbed were computed from serum osmolality, blood urea nitrogen, and hematocrit using the equation we had formulated. The blood loss, the total fluid absorbed (ABS), and the volumes distributed to intracellular space (delta ICF) and extracellular space (delta ECF) were 419 +/- 677 ml, 1,582 +/- 1,446 ml, 384 +/- 348 ml and 778 +/- 1,279 ml (mean+/-SD), respectively. The correlation coefficient of delta OSM (difference between pre- and post-surgical serum osmolality) vs ABS and that of delta OSM vs delta ICF were high (0.98, 0.98) but that of delta Na (difference between pre- and postsurgical serum sodium) vs ABS was low (0.56). The linear regression equations of ABS vs delta OSM and delta ICF vs delta OSM were ABS (L) = 0.362 x delta OSM and delta ICF (L) = 0.088 x delta OSM, respectively. These equations means that one mOsm.kgH2O-1 reduction of the serum osmolality is the result of 362 ml of irrigating fluid absorbed, 88 ml of which shifting into the intracellular space.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Three cases of hydronephrosis in which the indwelt ureteral stent was ineffective. Urodynamic studies using a stent indwelling model for retroperitoneal fibrosis].

We report 3 cases in which ureteral stents were indwelt to treat hydronephrosis due to retroperitoneal fibrosis, resulting in aggravation of hydronephrosis and renal function. An urodynamic study was carried out to determine the factors that aggravated hydronephrosis. The subjects were a 59-year-old male with prostatic cancer and bilateral hydronephrosis due to intrapelvic lymph node metastasis, a 49-year-old female with retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis and bilateral hydronephrosis following surgery for stomach cancer, and a 65-year-old male with hydronephrosis due to idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis. Indwelling of ureteral stents in the 3 patients resulted in aggravation of hydronephrosis and renal function. Stent indwelling models of retroperitoneal fibrosis were produced using adult mongrel dogs. A pressure flow study was carried out through the nephrostomy in each experimental model to determine the intrapelvic pressure and urine volume. In all stent indwelling models, the urine volume showed changes similar to those in the controls. In the stent indwelling models, the intrapelvic pressure showed a significant increase with an increase in the volume of water instilled through the nephrostomy in the stent indwelling models with retroperitoneal fibrosis, unlike the controls and models with ureteral stenosis. In conclusion, the clinical cases and model experiment suggested that unlike partial ureteral stenosis, in ureters in which extensibility was disturbed in an extensive area, the indwelt stent caused an increase in the resistance of the liquid flowing in the ureter, aggravating hydronephrosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Distribution of irrigating fluid in intracellular and extracellular spaces during transurethral prostatectomy II--TUR syndrome and hyponatremia].

Thirty four patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) under spinal anesthesia were assigned to a TUR syndrome (TURS) group (n = 7) or an asymptomatic (ASP) group (n = 27) depending on the clinical manifestations of the TUR syndrome. Blood loss and distribution of absorbed irrigating fluid (3% sorbitol-Uromatic S, 170 mOsm.kgH2O-1, Baxter) were computed together with serum osmolality, blood urea nitrogen and hematocrit. Postoperative serum sodium concentration and hematocrit were significantly lower in the TURS group than in the ASP group (124 +/- 8.7 vs. 133.9 +/- 5.9 mOsm.l-1 and 26. 8 +/- 4.2 vs. 35.0 +/- 4.6%, respectively). Postoperative serum osmotic pressure did not differ between the groups despite the difference in sodium concentration because 3% sorbitol could contribute to osmoles in the serum. The volume of irrigating fluid absorbed and its distribution into the intracellular space (delta ICF) did not differ between the groups. However, blood loss was significantly greater in the TURS group than in the ASP group (1457 +/- 434 ml vs. 173 +/- 450 ml, P < 0.01), and consequently extracellular fluid (ECF) volume was significantly reduced in the TURS group (-354 +/- 1201 ml vs. 802 +/- 1302 ml, P < 0.05). Thus, massive blood loss and reduced ECFs rather than dilutional hyponatremia, are thought to contribute to clinical manifestation of the TUR syndrome.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Expression of vacuolating cytotoxin in clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori.

Our objective was to determine whether the prevalence of vacuolating cytotoxin production differed among Helicobacter pylori isolates obtained from patients with chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, or duodenal ulcer. We examined the vacuolating cytotoxin production of 114 clinical H. pylori isolates in rabbit gastic epithelial cells (RGECs). We also tested two positive control strains (NCTC 11637 and NCTC 11916). Seventy-four of the 114 H. pylori clinical isolates (64.9%) produced intracellular vacuolation in RGEC cells, but there was no significant difference in the prevalence of intracellular vacuolation among the isolates of patients with chronic gastritis, gastric ulcers, and duodenal ulcers. We found no strong correlation between vacuolating cytotoxin production and peptic ulceration.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Sofalcone for treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection.

It is difficult to regard sofalcone as a single drug for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. However, sofalcone exerts multiple effects against H. pylori: it has antibacterial activity, induces morphological changes, inhibits adhesion to gastric mucin and inhibits lipolytic activity. The safety profile of sofalcone even on long-term administration is well established. Therefore, it may be possible to establish a new triple therapy for H. pylori infection using sofalcone combined with antibacterial drugs and proton pump inhibitors.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1996

Atopic dermatitis successfully treated by eradication of Helicobacter pylori.

A relationship between allergic diseases and Helicobacter pylori infection has recently been noted. We report a case of atopic dermatitis and H. pylori infection in a 14-year-old girl. She had had widespread diffuse skin erythema with erosions and pigmentation since the age of 3 years. Endoscopically, there was chronic antral gastritis with H. pylori infection and histological eosinophilic infiltration. A high titer of H. pylori-specific IgG was present in serum. She was treated with a proton pump inhibitor (lansoprazole 60 mg), an antibiotic (clarithromycin 800 mg), and plaunotol (a mucosal protective agent, 480 mg) for 2 weeks to eliminate the infection. After 10 days of treatment, erythema and itching were more widespread and vesicle formation was seen on the foot. Generalized skin lesions abated a few days later. After eradication of the bacterium by the treatment, eosinophils decreased from 38.8% to 19.0%, and the clinical signs of atopic dermatitis almost disappeared. Serum gastrin level and the pepsinogen I/II ratio were normalized and histological findings of gastric mucosa showed improvement. H. pylori-specific IgE antibody, analyzed by the Western blot method, gradually decreased with the eradication treatment.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed1995

The mechanism of lack of hypocholesterolemic effects of pravastatin sodium, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, in rats.

In order to clarify the reason why pravastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase inhibitor, did not show hypocholesterolemic effects in rats, the changes of various parameters affecting the serum cholesterol levels by pravastatin were determined in rats and rabbits, as a comparison. In rabbits, pravastatin administration at 50 mg/kg for 14 days decreased serum and liver cholesterol by 40% and 8%, respectively. The hepatic LDL receptor activity was increased 1.7-fold, and VLDL cholesterol secretion was decreased. Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity was not changed. In contrast, in rats, serum cholesterol was increased by 14% at 50 mg/kg and 27% at 250 mg/kg for 7 days, respectively. At 250 mg/kg, liver cholesterol was significantly increased by 11%. Under these conditions, neither the hepatic LDL receptor activity nor cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase was changed, and VLDL cholesterol secretion was increased. At 250 mg/kg, net cholesterol synthesis in rat liver was increased after 7 days of consecutive administration. These results imply that in rats, stimulated net cholesterol synthesis caused the increase of liver cholesterol followed by the increase of VLDL cholesterol secretion, and resulted in the raise of plasma cholesterol. Although hepatic HMG-CoA reductase was induced almost the same fold in both animals at 50 mg/kg, the induced HMG-CoA reductase activity in rats might overcome the inhibitory capability of pravastatin, resulting in an increase of net cholesterol synthesis, but not in rabbits. This over response to pravastatin in rats might cause the lack of hypocholesterolemic effects of this drug.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Demonstration of apoptosis in neuroblastoma and its relationship to tumour regression.

The in vivo occurrence of apoptosis in neuroblastomas was investigated. Histologically, a number of tumour cells showed typical apoptotic changes, including cell shrinkage, condensed and fragmented nuclei, eosinophilic cytoplasm, and absence of the inflammatory response. These cells coincided closely with the so-called karyorrhectic cells. An electrophoretic DNA ladder, a functional hallmark of apoptosis, was demonstrated in four of six tumours, and DNA fragmentation was detected in situ by terminal deoxytransferase-mediated nick end-labelling in 26 of 35 tumour specimens (74%). The labelled cell counts ranged from 5 to 62 per 5000 tumour cells (mean +/- SD: 15.0 +/- 14.5). Immunoperoxidase staining revealed that an apoptosis-suppressing protein, bcl-2, was expressed abundantly in advanced-stage tumours, whereas it was absent from karyorrhectic-apoptotic cells. Several tumours with the potential for spontaneous regression were bcl-2-deficient. Immunostaining of the Fas receptor for apoptosis demonstrated that the tumour cells expressed this molecule on their cell surfaces. Our results provide evidence of apoptosis in neuroblastomas and suggest that bcl-2 and the Fas receptor may play a role in its regulatory mechanisms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Doppler ultrasonographic evaluation of hepatic circulation in patients following Kasai's operation for biliary atresia.

The hepatic circulation of eight children who underwent Kasai's operation for biliary atresia was serially evaluated by Doppler ultrasonography (US). A total of 36 examinations were performed to evaluate the maximal velocities (mvs) of the main portal vein (MPV), splenic vein (SV), and hepatic artery (HA), and to analyze the spectral waveform and the directions of flow. The mean mvs-MPV in four patients for whom adequate biliary diversion had been achieved and whose serum bilirubin had fallen to within the normal range (group A), was 19.8 +/- 7.5 cm/s. Their MPV waveforms were constant, with blood flowing toward the liver, while their mean mvs-SV was 12.1 +/- 5.8 cm/s. In two other patients with apparent hypersplenism, but whose serum bilirubin levels had fallen to nearly normal (group B), the mean mvs-MPV was 20.7 +/- 10.4 cm/s and the mvs-SV was 22.4 +/- 10.4 cm/s. In contrast, the mvs-MPV in the two remaining patients, whose serum bilirubin levels had either not fallen to within the normal range, or had fallen initially but increased due to recurrent cholangitis (group C), was 14.2 +/- 9.1 cm/s. In these patients, the waveforms were unstable, the MPV flows were occasionally hepatofugal, and their mean mvs-SV was 18.0 +/- 5.8 cm/s. The mvs-HA were markedly increased in the latter four patients, whose clinical condition had also deteriorated. These observations led to the conclusion that hepatic circulation evaluated by serial Doppler US provides important information about liver status in children who have undergone Kasai's operation for biliary atresia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Leucocytosis as a marker of organ damage induced by chronic strenuous physical exercise.

The effects of strenuous physical exercise on the serial changes in the haematological, biochemical and hormonal markers were investigated. A group of 14 soldiers, aged 24-36 years, took part in a military training course for about 13 weeks. After severe exercise stress, an increase (90%) in the number of peripheral blood leucocytes was observed. The degree of leucocytosis showed a close correlation with the values of some serum parameters, such as concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST; r = 0.747), lactate dehydrogenase (LD; r = 0.748), blood urea nitrogen (r = 0.756), creatine kinase (CK; r = 0.637), manganese-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD; r = 0.508), alanine aminotransferase (ALT; r = 0.542) and uric acid (r = 0.538), and concentrations of urinary parameters, such as vanilmandelic acid (r = 0.429) and free cortisol (r = 0.437). The subjects showing prominent leucocytosis over 9500 cells.microliters-1 exhibited a lower concentration of serum cholinesterase than those who showed milder leucocytosis. The serum Mn-SOD concentration was closely correlated with the serial changes in serum concentrations of AST, ALT, LD and CK, indicating exercise-induced muscle and liver damage. The change in peripheral leucocyte number was assumed to be diagnostically informative and may be a prognostic marker, reflecting organ damage and restoration after strenuous physical exercise.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Antitumor effects of oral administration of an interferon-inducing pyrimidinone, Bropirimine, on murine renal-cell carcinoma.

Bropirimine [2-amino-5-bromo-6-phenyl-4-(3H)-pyrimidinone] is a low-molecular-weight compound that acts as an inducer of interferon in several animal species. Experiments were designed to explore the possibility of using this drug for the treatment of renal-cell carcinoma (RCC). Euthymic BALB/c mice were inoculated with murine RCC (Renca) cells and given graded doses of Bropirimine p.o. for 5 consecutive days beginning on day 1 following tumor inoculation. These mice were killed and tumors were excised on day 21. Bropirimine significantly (P < 0.01) inhibited the tumor growth at a daily dose of 1,000 or 2,000 mg/kg. No adverse effect or toxicity was noted at 1,000 mg/kg, and at 2,000 mg/kg there was only a marginal body-weight reduction without any other appreciable side effect. In addition to the inhibition of tumor growth, there was a small yet significant (P < 0.05) increase in the duration of survival (in days) in the Bropirimine-treated animals. When the treatment was delayed to begin on day 6 following tumor inoculation, Bropirimine did not suppress tumor growth in euthymic mice, pointing to the importance of the timing of the treatment. In athymic nude BALB/c mice lacking T-cells or T-cell function, Bropirimine also inhibited tumor growth (P < 0.01). The antitumor effect of this drug was abolished by pretreatment with anti-asialo GM1 serum, which eliminated natural killer (NK) activity in euthymic mice. In vivo treatment with Bropirimine augmented the cytotoxicity of lymphocytes isolated from the spleens or lungs of the tumor-bearing mice, which were active against Renca and YAC-1 cells in vitro. This activity was NK-cell-dependent as judged on the basis of the results of the in vitro complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay. Since Bropirimine induced interferon (IFN)-alpha/beta production, significantly (P < 0.05) elevating its serum concentration, and since this drug mimics the effects of IFN-alpha/beta, it seemed likely that the Bropirimine-induced NK cell augmentation we found was mediated by IFN-alpha/beta. These results suggest that Bropirimine, a booster of NK activity, may have potential as an adjunct to other therapeutic modalities in the treatment of human RCC.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1995

Transesophageal echocardiography in the diagnosis of thoracic saccular aortic aneurysm. The value of transesophageal echocardiography during the course of treatment.

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was performed in 17 cases of aortic aneurysms referred to our hospital for further examination and treatment. All 17 cases were treated surgically and TEE was performed as a preoperative examination. In nine of the 17 cases, there were already some signs of bleeding upon admission and in all of these nine cases, rupture of the aneurysm was confirmed during surgery. Measurement on cross-sectional TEE imaging disclosed large aneurysmal diameters in eight of these nine cases, suggesting a close relationship between diameter and rupture. Moreover, observation of the lesions by TEE suggested a relationship between the risk of rupture and morphological characteristics of the thrombus. In seven of the nine bleeding cases, TEE imaging revealed destructive features of the aneurysmal thrombus, such as exfoliation from the aortic wall and/or tearing-off, suggesting expansion of the aortic diameter. Detailed findings of the aneurysm and thrombus on TEE corresponded with surgical findings. Thus, we concluded that TEE is a useful method of obtaining information about aortic aneurysms not only as a preoperative examination but also as an independent examination to determine treatment options and prognosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Effects of Helicobacter pylori infection on gastric mucosal defense factors in Japanese monkeys.

The pathogenic role played by Helicobacter pylori in gastric mucosal defense was investigated in Japanese monkeys infected with H. pylori. Serum gastrin levels and ammonia concentrations in gastric juice were compared in H. pylori-infected (n = 6) and control (n = 7) groups. The gastritis score, the intracellular content of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive substance and hexosamine, and the bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling index in the gastric mucosa were compared in the two groups in the antrum and the corpus. The ammonia concentration in the gastric juice was significantly higher in the infected group (P < 0.01). The gastritis scores were significantly higher in the antrum and corpus in the infected group (P < 0.01, and P < 0.05, respectively). The content of PAS-positive substance and hexosamine was significantly decreased in the antrum of the infected group compared with that in the controls (P < 0.01, and P < 0.05, respectively), but there was no significant difference between the two groups in the corpus. The BrdU labeling indices were significantly higher in the antrum and corpus of the infected group (P < 0.01, and P < 0.01, respectively). Colonization by H. pylori injures the gastric mucosa by depressing the gastric mucosal defense factors, and, consequently, the cell kinetics are accelerated.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1995

Effects of ethanol on the pancreas of disulfiram-treated rats.

To study the effects of ethanol on disulfiram-treated rats, we administered ethanol orally at a does of 2000 mg/kg, twice daily for 5 days. The administration of ethanol or disulfiram alone produced no recognizable changes in pancreatic acinar cells. Ethanol administration, in disulfiram-treated rats resulted in a decrease in the content of zymogen granules in acinar cells, and the appearance of intraplasmic vacuolization. Electron microscopically, these vacuoles appeared on the basal side of nuclei. In addition, similar vacuoles appeared in liver cells, and these vacuolizations seemed to show lipid inclusions. However, ethanol administration to disulfiram-treated rats did not cause inflammatory changes or edema in the pancreas. A comparison of blood ethanol levels in rats receiving ethanol alone and disulfiram plus ethanol showed no significant difference, but acetaldehyde levels in rats receiving ethanol plus disulfiram rats were significantly higher than those in rats receiving ethanol alone. These findings suggested that acetaldehyde caused a decrease of zymogen granules and the presence of lipid inclusions in pancreatic acinar cells.

Acetaldehyde↗