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Biomedical subjects

T Etoh

Publications and source records attributed to T Etoh.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Transplacental leakage of HBeAg-positive maternal blood as the most likely route in causing intrauterine infection with hepatitis B virus.

Thirty-two HBeAg-positive carrier mothers and their 32 babies were investigated to elucidate the mechanism involved in intrauterine infection with HBV. Five mothers had symptoms and signs of threatened abortion and/or threatened preterm labor. Three mothers gave birth more than 6 weeks after the episodes, and their babies were those infected in utero. The other two gave birth within 1 week after the episodes, and the two babies were treated with HBIG immediately after birth; HBV infection was successfully prevented. Therefore we suggest that transplacental leakage of HBeAg-positive maternal blood, which is induced by uterine contractions during pregnancy and the disruption of placental barriers, is the most likely route to cause HBV intrauterine infection.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1987

Effect of photoperiod, injection of pentobarbitone sodium or lesion of the suprachiasmatic nucleus on pre-partum decrease of blood progesterone concentrations or time of birth in the rat.

In Sprague-Dawley rats kept under 14L:10D (lights on 05:00-19:00 h), parturition occurred during the light phase on Day 23, and the pre-partum decrease in progesterone concentrations was observed between 07:00 and 15:00 h during the light period on Day 22. When the rats were transferred to reversed light-dark regimen (lights on 17:00-07:00 h) on Day 7, the progesterone decrease and parturition still occurred during the light period on Day 21 and 22-23, respectively. However, when rats were kept in constant darkness from Day 7, parturition occurred independently of the time of day between Day 22 and 24. A gradual decline of progesterone concentrations was randomly observed in individual rats. In Wistar rats kept under the usual light-dark regimen, parturitions were biphasic, occurring during the light periods on Day 22 and 23. The progesterone decrease occurred at the usual time even when the lighting regimen was changed only on the day of the expected progesterone decrease. However, treatment with pentobarbitone sodium at 15:00, 19:00 or 21:00 h, but not at 12:00 or 23:00 h, on Day 21 resulted in a delay of progesterone decrease and of parturition. Complete lesion of the suprachiasmatic nucleus on Day 13 or 14 led to advancement and random distribution of the time of birth. These results suggest that the time of parturition and of pre-partum progesterone decrease may be closely associated with an endogenous circadian system, and a luteolytic factor involving the nervous system may be present during a limited period before parturition.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effect of implantation of carbachol pellet near the suprachiasmatic nucleus on the free-running period of rat locomotor activity rhythm.

To clarify the effect of a cholinergic agent on free-running period of circadian rhythm, locomotor activities were continuously recorded in the rat implanted with a paraffin pellet mixed with or without carbachol near the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Implantation of carbachol, but not paraffin alone, resulted in shortening of the free-running period under constant darkness.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Effectiveness of cis-dichlorodiammine-platinum in the treatment of advanced neuroblastoma].

Twenty cases of advanced neuroblastoma treated at the Pediatric Surgical Department of Chiba University from 1975 through 1985 were discussed. Cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (CDDP) and VM-26 were administered to 7 patients with disseminated neuroblastoma resistant to treatment with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and vincristine. One complete remission, 4 partial remissions, and 2 minor responses were observed in our series. These results were far better than in our previous study, in which patients were treated with regimens containing cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and vincristine. Several kinds of side effects were observed in children treated with CDDP. Vomiting occurred in all of them, and bone marrow toxicity was found in 5 among 7 patients. There was one case of severe nephrotoxicity caused by severe proximal tubular dysfunction with increased urinary loss of sodium, leading convulsion.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

Affective disorders in mentally retarded adolescents--report of two cases with lithium treatment.

Two cases of moderately retarded adolescents with affective disorders have been treated for nine and five years, respectively. Rapid cycling episodes were seen in early adolescence and a long duration of episodes appeared in late adolescence. A two-year lithium therapy was able to control them fairly well but did not work as a prophylaxis. Lithium carbonate induced polydipsia or personality change.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Effect of constant light on the circadian rhythm in locomotor activity in intact or eyelids-removed rats.

According to the Aschoff's role, exposure to continuous light (LL) results in the elongation of the free-running period of the rat circadian rhythm. However, the LL may not always mean the constant intensity of the light for the suprachiasmatic nucleus, since the rat may regulate the contrast of the illumination by their eyelids which are closed during the sleep phase. In this study, the surgical removal of the eyelids under the LL caused arrhythmicity of the locomotor activity in 7 of 10 rats. The remaining 3 rats maintained the free-running rhythm after the removal of the eyelids. These results suggest that constant light may affect the free-running rhythm of the rat with or without eyelids in the different manner.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effects of continuous supply of light or carbachol to the SCN on the rat free-running rhythm.

Exposure to continuous light (LL) results in elongation of the free-running period of the rat circadian rhythm. However, the LL may not always mean constant intensity of light for the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), since rats may regulate contrast of illumination by their eyelids which are closed during sleep phase. The removal of eyelids caused shortening of the free-running period or arrhythmicity under LL. In addition, implantation of carbachol--acetylcholine agonist--near the SCN also resulted in similar effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Analysis of tumor antigens and clinical applications of monoclonal antibody (A 2 B 5) for neuroblastoma].

Monoclonal antibody (A 2 B 5) was raised against chick neural retina cells by Eisenbarth et al. We have studied, exclusively, A 2 B 5 for the immunological approach, and the following results were obtained. A 2 B 5 was shown to be IgG 2a subclass and reacted with all human neuroblastoma cell lines, NBGOTO, NB 1, TN-1 and C-NB1, in vitro by the 51Cr release cytotoxicity assay, but did not have cytotoxic activity for other tumor cell lines, C-1300 (A/J mouse neuroblastoma cell line), S1509a (A/J mouse induced sarcoma by methylcholanthrene) and P 39 (human malignant melanoma cell line). A 2 B 5 was titrated against constant numbers of human neuroblastoma cell lines. In the next experiment, detection of metastatic neuroblastoma cells in bone marrow, specimen and human neuroblastoma cell lines was undertaken by indirect immunofluorescence using A 2 B 5. All were visualized with binding A 2 B 5, and immunofluorescence could be seen on a clump of tumor cells binding A 2 B 5. Thus, A 2 B 5 may be particularly useful reagent for the diagnosis of bone metastasis of human neuroblastoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Studies on the risk factors of intrauterine infection of hepatitis B virus.

In order to elucidate the mechanism involved in HBV intrauterine infection, some risk factors were checked among 22 HBsAg and HBeAg positive carrier mothers. It was found that the HBV intrauterine infection had no correlation with (1) abnormal maternal liver functions, (2) high HBsAg and HBeAg titers or high concentration of HBV-DNA in the maternal serum or (3) HBeAg titer in the cord serum. Four babies were born to mothers with positive symptoms and signs of threatened abortion and/or threatened premature labor during pregnancy. Among them, two babies born at full term were HBV infected cases in utero, whereas the other two babies born within one week after the occurrence of threatened premature labor showed negative HBsAg antigenemia at birth and HBIG was immediately administered and prevented HBV infection. We therefore inferred that placental leakage caused by uterine contraction during pregnancy could cause maternal blood to enter the fetal circulation and cause HBV intrauterine infection. Moreover, even if placental leakage occurs, HBV infection might be prevented by administering HBIG within a week.

Female↗
PubMed1984

[Analysis of specific tumor antigens in mice and human neuroblastoma].

The tumor directed cell mediated response in patients with neuroblastoma was studied in vitro by the 51Cr release cytotoxicity assay. The following results were obtained. In peripheral blood lymphocytes of disease-free and postoperative neuroblastoma patients, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were induced in vitro against allogeneic human neuroblastoma cell (NB GOTO). Their % specific 51Cr releases were from 15.2 +/- 0.1 to 35.8 +/- 0.6&, and in some of them, specific cytotoxic activity for C-1300 murine neuroblastoma were shown (12.0 +/- 1.1%). But, nobody could be detected from patients of neuroblastoma who were preoperative or receiving chemo-radiotherapy, and as well in the control patients and other patients who had malignant tumors. Surprisingly, in Stage IV-S neuroblastoma patient, a high level of CTL appeared every time, even in the preoperative period (33.0 +/- 0.2%). The conclusion is that a clear cross activity exists in T cells mediated cytotoxic reaction between the mouse and human neuroblastoma without recognizing both major histocompatibility (MHC) determinants. Neuroblastoma cells carry specific antigenic determinants shared with both mouse and human species, that is, neuroblastoma-specific antigens have common antigenic moieties in different animal species.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The course and prognosis of manic-depressive psychosis: a quantitative analysis of episodes and intervals.

A quantitative analysis of episodes and symptom-free intervals in the course of manic-depressive psychosis was attempted. 1,066 patients who visited Tohoku University Hospital between 1955 and 1965 were investigated by a mail questionnaire and subsequent review of records in their care hospitals. There was no difference between the reply group and non-reply group in terms of demographic status. About 6.2% of patients were chronically ill. Eighteen percent of patients were dead at the time of study. The number of episodes was about three in depression and about seven in bipolar type during twelve years of observation. The length of symptom-free interval between episodes was about five years in depression and two years in bipolar type. There was no difference in the number of episodes or in the length of interval between 1955-1959 group and 1960-1965 group. The change of length was not confirmed between early and late intervals.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1982

Superovulation induced by a single pituitary gland transplanted beneath the kidney capsule in adult rats.

Different numbers of rat pituitary glands, taken from male and female rats before and after puberty, were transplanted into various sites in female rats at different stages of the oestrous cycle. Ovulation was checked by counting ova in oviducts on the next expected day of ovulation. Ovulation was induced by transplantation beneath the kidney capsule in early dioestrus of half, one or three glands from 35- to 41-day-old male rats (18.6+/-3.1 (S.E.M.), 32.6+/-2.8 and 49.8+/-4.8 ova shed respectively). The transplantation of glands from mature female rats did not induce supraovulation but inhibited the expected ovulation. The most effective stage for inducing superovulation was early dioestrus and, to a lesser extent, most effective stage for inducing superovulation was early dioestrus and, to a lesser extent, oestrus; transplantation during late dioestrus was ineffective. The effective sites of transplantation were beneath the kidney capsule and intramuscularly but not subcutaneously. Representative pituitary glands from 35- to 41-day-old male rats and adult female rats were assayed for LH and FSH content to interpret the mechanisms of superovulation . The pituitary glands from the male rats contained larger amounts of LH and especially of FSH than those found in the female rats. The experiments indicated that superovulation can be induced successfully by the transplantation of a single pituitary gland from male and immature female rats without any additional treatment with human chorionic gonadotrophin; the failure of the female pituitary transplants to induce superovulation may be due to the insufficient content of LH and FSH.

Animals↗