Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to T Endo.
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The authors reported a clinico-pathological case survived 11 months after a traffic accident. A 41-year-old man had been hit by a motor car and was found in a state of semicoma. On admission, his consciousness level was III-100 to 200 (Japan Coma Scale). Pupils were isocoric; light reflex was present. Linear fracture of occipital bone was disclosed by Skull X-ray and subarachnoid hemorrhage was revealed on CT scan. This comatose state, lasting 24 hours, slowly improved and eventually he presented the so-called Korsakoff's syndrome until his death. He could not recognized his relatives, only uttered some meaningless words. He was unable to obey simple verbal orders. The patient was incontinent and right pyramidal sign was positive. On repeated CT scans, cerebral ventricles gradually increased in size; especially the enlargement of the fourth ventricle was remarkable. He expired of septic shock caused by bed sores. At autopsy brain weighed 1190 g. Old gloss contusional scars were observed on the bilateral frontal lobes including the orbital area and on the left temporal pole. Gliding contusions were revealed in the subcortical white matter beneath the left superior frontal convolution. Fibrillary gliosis was noted in this region, the deep white matter underlying the left temporal pole and the tissue surrounding the anterior horn of the left lateral ventricle. Nerve fibers were fragmented and lacerated at corpus callosum, anterior commissure and posterior limb of the left internal capsule. Bilateral pyramidal tracts showed mild myelin pallor at the brainstem. Loss of Purkinje cells were observed. This case would correspond to mile type of diffuse axonal injury proposed by Adams and Gennarelli. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Paraquat stimulated NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation in mouse brain microsomes, while it suppressed lipid peroxidation induced by NADPH plus ascorbate. The stimulation of lipid peroxidation by paraquat was inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). However, NEM attenuated the inhibitory effect of paraquat on lipid peroxidation elicited by NADPH in combination with ascorbate. These results suggest that an NADPH-dependent reaction which is susceptible to NEM might share an electron from NADPH with the alternative reaction, lipid peroxidation, in the presence of paraquat in mouse brain microsomes.
We have studied the possible involvement of the GTP-binding protein (G-protein) in the activation of phospholipase C and A2 in cultured rat luteal cells as a transducer of cell information. 1. Inositol phosphate production and arachidonic acid release in rat luteal cells by the stimulation of PGF2 alpha and GnRH receptors are dependent on GTP and therefore suggest the involvement of GTP binding protein. 2. When the cells were not treated with IAP, a membrane protein of 41K molecular weight was apparently labeled. The protein, with a molecular weight of 41K, which was obtained from cultured rat luteal cells without prior treatment with IAP is considered to be the alpha-subunit of GTP binding protein as reported in other cells. While alpha-subunit of G-protein was ADP-ribosylated in luteal cells too, the 41K protein from the cells pretreated with IAP was not found to be ADP ribosylated. 3. When such IAP pretreated luteal cells were stimulated by PGF2 alpha or GnRHa, the production of inositol phosphate and the release of arachidonic acid were observed with no suppression. 4. The results suggest the existence of some G-protein other than Gi between the receptor and phospholipases C and A2.
Over the past 14 years, from January of 1975 to December of 1988, we have done 1263 aesthetic rhinoplasties using ear cartilage. In the field of augmentation rhinoplasty, many kinds of materials, such as bone, septal cartilage, ear cartilage, and prostheses, were used. In this paper, we limit discussion to our experience with the technique for the augmentation of the nasal dorsum using the ear cartilage and compare this with other materials. Patient ages ranged from 15 to 72 years, with an average of 24 years. Some 95 percent of patients (1199) were female, and only 5 percent (64) were male. Patients were followed for a minimum of 6 months and a maximum of 20 months, with average follow-up only 8 months. Of course, we know that this is a very short follow-up period, but we could not follow patients longer because if they had no complaint about the results at the 6-month visit, they never returned, despite our efforts. Five-hundred and ten of the 1263 patients (40 percent) had been augmented elsewhere, and the silicone prosthesis was already in place. However, 753 patients (60 percent) had no previous operation. For the 510 patients (secondary rhinoplasty patients), too-high or too-large a prosthesis was the largest complaint in number, totaling 378 cases (74 percent), and psychological dissatisfaction, such as pain or an uncomfortable sensation, was the second largest in number, totaling 104 cases (20 percent). For the 753 patients (primary rhinoplasty patients), the main complaint was too-short or too-flat a nose (100 percent).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Removal of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) extended into the inferior vena cava (IVC) can be a difficult operation. Between 1941 and 1989, 110 RCC patients were treated with radical operation and examined for tumor thrombus histopathologically. Twenty nine (26.3%) patients had invasion into the returning vein of tumor (Stage Vla), 12 (10.9%) in renal vein (stage Vlb) and the remaining 4 (3.6%) into IVC (stage V2). In one patient who had surgery under extracorporeal circulation, a thrombus was extended into the right atrium. In the remaining three patients, the RCC was confined to a small portion of the IVC and operated by caval sleeve resection. Radical operation in such patients free of any distant metastasis, may raise the survival rate.
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The asparagine-linked sugar chain of glucose transporter from human erythrocytes was quantitatively released as oligosaccharides from the polypeptide backbone by hydrazinolysis. They were converted to radioactive oligosaccharides by NaB3H4 reduction after N-acetylation and fractionated by anion-exchange column chromatography and Bio-Gel P-4 column chromatography after sialidase treatment. Structural study of each oligosaccharide by exo- and endoglycosidase digestion and methylation analysis indicated that the glycoprotein contains a high-mannose-type oligosaccharide, Man9.GlcNAc.GlcNAc, and biantennary complex-type oligosaccharides with Man alpha 1----6(+/- GlcNAc beta 1----4)(Man alpha 1----3) Man beta beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----4(+/- Fuc alpha 1----6)GlcNAc as their cores and the poly-N-acetyllactosamine composed of about 16 N-acetyllactosaminyl units as their outer chains. These structural features of the sugar moiety of glucose transporter are quite different from those of two major intrinsic glycoproteins of human erythrocytes, glycophorin A and band 3.
Thymidine 5'-O-(pyrophosphoryl methylphosphonate) (dTTP alpha CH3) has been chemically synthesized by condensation of thymidine 5'-O-(methylphosphonate) with pyrophosphate. This novel nucleotide, which contained an alpha-phosphorus atom as methylphosphonate, was used as a substrate of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TDTase) in the presence of oligonucleotide (5'-GCTGTATCGTCAAGGCACTC-3') as an initiator. The reaction products were separated into two components by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). These products were, after purification, digested with nuclease P1 and alkaline phosphatase followed by separation of digested products by RP-HPLC. The result showed the presence of one of the isomers of 2'-deoxycytidyl-3'-methylphosphonyl-5'-thymidine (dCpCH3T) and 2'-deoxycytidyl-3'-methylphosphonyl-5'-thymidyl-3'-methyl phosphonyl-5'-thymidin e (dCpCH3TpCH3T), respectively. Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of these products further supported identification of the dinucleotide and the trinucleotide. These results indicated that dTTP alpha CH3 was used as a substrate of TDTase, resulting in methylphosphonate linkages. Produced oligomers were resistant to hydrolysis by snake venom phosphodiesterase I.
Two actin-regulatory proteins of 19 and 20 kDa are involved in the regulation of actin assembly in developing chicken skeletal muscle. They are homologous with actin depolymerizing factor (ADF) and cofilin, a pH-dependent actin-modulating protein, which were originally discovered in chicken and mammalian brain, respectively. In this study, full-length cDNA clones were isolated by screening a lambda gt11 cDNA library constructed from poly(A+) RNA of embryonic chicken skeletal muscle with the antibodies specific for each protein, and their complete sequences were determined. The chicken cofilin cDNA encoded a protein of 166 amino acids, the sequence of which had over 80% identity with that of porcine brain cofilin. The amino acid sequence of the ADF was 165 amino acids and showed about 70% identity with either chicken or mammalian cofilin, in spite of the fact that ADF and cofilin are functionally distinct. Like chicken and mammalian cofilin, ADF contained a sequence similar to the nuclear transport signal sequence of SV40 large T antigen. ADF and cofilin shared a hexapeptide identical with the amino-terminal sequence of tropomyosin as well as the regions homologous to other actin-regulatory proteins, including depactin, gelsolin, and profilin. The overall nucleotide sequences and Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA, however, indicated that the two proteins were derived from different genes.
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Asparagine-linked oligosaccharides were quantitatively released by hydrazinolysis from an alkaline phosphatase, Kasahara isozyme, which was purified from FL amnion cells. Almost all of the oligosaccharides (98%) were acidic components, all of which can be converted to neutral oligosaccharides upon sialidase digestion. Structural analysis of the oligosaccharides by sequential exoglycosidase digestion in combination with methylation analysis revealed that the alkaline phosphatase of FL cells contains sialylated mono-, bi-, tri-, and tetraantennary complex type sugar chains with the Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1---- outer chains. Some of the tetraantennary sugar chains contain a single Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----3Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1---- outer chain on their Man alpha 1----6 arm. Both fucosylated and nonfucosylated trimannosyl cores were found in the sugar chains. However, it is of interest that the core portion of monoantennary oligosaccharide was not fucosylated and that of the tetraantennary oligosaccharide with a tetrasaccharide outer chain was completely fucosylated.