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T E Reed

Publications and source records attributed to T E Reed.

60 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
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The myth of "the average alcohol response".

The human alcohol response literature often states or implies that there is little variation among normal individuals in their responses to a standard dose. To test this assumption, a wide variety of alcohol responses was reviewed in studies where the original, individual responses were available. All such responses showed variability among individuals. Seven alcohol responses (individual changes from pre-alcohol baseline in heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, automobile driving ability, and three tests for intoxication) in normal males are analyzed in detail. Each response shows marked, significant individual variability. Genetic differences among individuals (in addition to environmental differences) are probably important in producing this variability. Since normal persons can vary greatly in their alcohol responses, it is not only incomplete but misleading to give only the mean value. Information on the range and frequency distribution of responses is also needed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Non-poisson distribution of sperm from grandfathers in zona-free hamster ova.

Earlier reports indicated that sperm from 25% of patients from infertile couples, but not from normal or fertile donors, show deviations from the theoretical Poisson distribution of the number of sperm penetrating zona-free hamster ova. Using semen samples from 15 grandfathers (aged 60 to 84 years) and 24 young fathers (aged 25 to 36 years), this study analyzed whether age also has an effect on the distribution. It was found that the overall fit to the Poisson distribution of the samples from grandfathers was very poor; in contrast, the samples from young fathers fit well. The observed deviations from the Poisson distribution among grandfathers may be a consequence of their long periods of sexual abstinence. Decrease in sexual activity produces age-different populations of sperm that probably differ in penetrating ability. Samples from older fathers also show a worse fit to the Poisson distribution than do those from younger fathers. These results suggest that the duration of sperm storage in the genital tract after maturation has an effect on sperm function.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tolerance for the decrease in nerve conduction velocity and for the motor impairment produced by ethanol in mice: differential development during chronic ethanol consumption.

C57BL/6J/BOM mice were given 15% (w/v) ethanol solution as their sole drinking fluid. Nerve conduction velocities (NCV) and motor coordination (ataxia) of the unanesthetized animals were examined after a single IP injection of 3.0 g ethanol/kg body weight at 6, and 9 months after the start of drinking and after 3 months of abstinence. During chronic consumption of ethanol, tolerance for relative conduction time (RCT) change developed in six months. This tolerance was not observed after 9 months of ethanol treatment. The tolerance for ataxia persisted throughout the period of ethanol treatment. After a three month's abstinence, no differences between the controls and the animals previously on ethanol were observed regarding responses to acute ethanol administration. These observations suggest that different mechanisms underlie the development of tolerance for the effect of ethanol on peripheral nerve conductance and for the ataxia from ethanol in the central nervous system.

Alcoholism↗