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Biomedical subjects

T D Chugh

Publications and source records attributed to T D Chugh.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

The concurrent associations of group A streptococcal serotypes in children with acute rheumatic fever or pharyngitis-associated glomerulonephritis and their families in Kuwait.

A group of 146 children with acute rheumatic fever and 256 members from their families, and a group of 125 children with post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis and 199 family members, together with a group of 145 children with non-complicated group A streptococcal pharyngitis were examined over a period of three years. The purpose of the study was to explore the concurrent association and distribution of group A streptococcal serotypes among the three groups. Strains isolated from the children with non-complicated group A streptococcal pharyngitis represented the prevalent strains of group streptococci in the childhood community during the period of study. Rheumatic fever was encountered in a non epidemic situation. As expected, the recovery of group A streptococci was low. The strains however belonged mainly to two patterns, namely type M1 and M non-typable strains. Nephritis was pharyngitis-associated and occured also sporadically throughout the year. Types M12 and 49 accounted for the majority of the isolates. Type M12 accounted for 34.4% of the group A isolates from family members of children with nephritis and was totally absent in family members of children with rheumatic fever (p less than 0.001). The T pattern 8/25/Imp. 19 accounted for 40% of the group A isolates from family members of rheumatic patients compared to 3.3% from family members of nephritis patients (p less than 0.005). Data from this study show that the group A streptococcal serotypes, concurrently isolated from children with acute rheumatic fever and their families are disparately different from those of children with pharyngitis-associated glomerulonephritis and their families in the same population. These findings support the concept of "nephritogenicity" and "rheumatogenicity" and indicated the important role of the biological characteristics of the streptococcal serotypes in the aetiology of acute rheumatic fever and acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

In vitro activity of antibacterial agents on Haemophilus influenzae isolates.

One hundred and eight clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae, consecutively occurring and epidemiologically unrelated, were examined for susceptibility against twelve antibacterial agents by disc diffusion and agar dilution. These were also serotyped and tested for beta-lactamase production. All isolates were sensitive to erythromycin, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol and cefotaxime. Six (5.5%) strains were ampicillin resistant (MIC 128 mg/1), and five of them were beta-lactamase producers. Tetracycline resistance was seen in 52.8% of the isolates. This is probably related to the high consumption of tetracyclines in our population. Cefotaxime (modal MIC 0.03 mg/1) and cefaclor (modal MIC 0.03 mg/1) were the most active parenteral and oral cephalosporins respectively.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1985

Plasmid-mediated drug resistance of shigellae in Kuwait.

Of 153 clinical isolates of shigellae examined, 64.7% belonged to Shigella flexneri, 18.9% to Sh. sonnei, 11.8% to Sh. boydii and 4.6% to Sh. dysenteriae. Part of these isolates were resistant to sulfamethoxazole and streptomycin (88.2% each), ampicillin (66.7%), tetracycline (63.4%) and co-trimoxazole (43.1%), with levels of resistance (MIC50 and MIC90) being invariably high. Resistance to three or more drugs (multidrug resistance) was seen in 77.8% of the isolates. All the 25 strains examined for transfer of resistance contained R-plasmids, both autotransferable and non-autotransferable (mobilized by transfer factor X). The frequency of transfer of different r-determinants varied from 2.7 X 10(-8) to 1.4 X 10(-3).

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1985

Transferable resistance to trimethoprim in enteric pathogens isolated in Kuwait.

Trimethoprim resistance was seen in 14.8% of 500 strains of salmonella, 43.1% of 153 strains of shigella and 59% of 27 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from stools of patients with diarrhoea. Strains with a high level of trimethoprim resistance (MIC of much greater than 512 micrograms) were subjected to conjugal transfer. Trimethoprim resistance was plasmid-mediated in all of 42 strains of shigella and 12 strains of E. coli examined. However, 2 of the 47 strains of salmonella could not transfer their trimethoprim resistance either directly or by mobilization with the transfer factors X and delta both at 37 and 25 degrees C overnight incubation.

Conjugation, Genetic↗
PubMed1985

Current clinical patterns of typhoid fever: a prospective study.

This paper reports on a prospective study comprising 125 consecutive adult cases of typhoid fever diagnosed on the basis of positive cultures for typhoid organisms. Salmonella typhi infection was found to be more frequent (89.6%) than S. paratyphi A & B (10.4%). Onset of the disease was usually insidious and the classical step-ladder pattern of fever was uncommon (12%). Rose spots were observed in 9.6% cases. Gut perforation was more common, while typhoid toxaemia and peripheral circulatory failure were less frequent than in most of the series reported from India. Both these variations are ascribed to the widespread use of corticosteroids in our patients. Gut perforation alone accounted for three-quarters of the deaths.

Adolescent↗