Biomedical subjects

T Chimura

Publications and source records attributed to T Chimura.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMed1988

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluations of ceftriaxone in perinatal infections in obstetrics and gynecology].

Ceftriaxone (CTRX), an injectable cephem antibiotic agent, was studied for its pharmacokinetic properties and clinical usefulness in perinatal infections in obstetrics and gynecology on a multicenter basis. The study results are summarized below. 1. Following the one-shot intravenous injection of CTRX 1 g to pregnant women before labor, the maternal serum level of CTRX reached a peak at 131.8 micrograms/ml soon after the injection then it began to decrease gradually. T 1/2 was 6.7 hours. The umbilical serum level reached a peak at 16.0 micrograms/ml at 4.9 hours post-dose and decreased gradually with a half-life of 8.1 hours. The umbilical serum level was higher than the maternal serum level at about 12 hours post-dose. The amniotic fluid level reached a peak of 9.6 micrograms/ml at 12.8 hours post-dose. T 1/2 was 15.2 hours. The amniotic fluid level at about 15 hours post-dose or later exceeded the maternal serum level and was almost equal to the umbilical serum level at 24 hours post-dose. 2. Clinical usefulness was evaluated in 79 evaluable cases out of 89 treated for various infections at puerperium or for prophylaxis of infections at cesarean section or premature rupture of membranes (PROM). The efficacy rate was 100% in 7 cases of prenatal infections such as urinary tract infection and 30 cases of postnatal infections such as puerperal intrauterine infections. In 42 cases treated for prophylaxis in cases of cesarean section or PROM, the efficacy rate was 92.9%. Bacteriologically, 29 strains of pathogens were isolated from 26 cases. The disappearance rate of the pathogens was 96.0% as 23 strains were eradicated, 1 strain was substituted and no change was observed in 1 strain with unknown results in 4 strain. Skin rash and itching appeared in 1 patient as an adverse effect (1.1%). There were 10 cases of abnormal clinical laboratory test results such as elevated transaminase level were observed in 7 patients (7.9%). From the results, CTRX was considered to be a useful drug for the perinatal infection in the obstetrics and gynecology fields.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

[Clinical studies on imipenem/cilastatin sodium in perinatal use].

The clinical efficacy and the safety of imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) in perinatal infections were studied. The results are summarized below. 1. Clinical efficacy was evaluated in 12 patients with intrauterine infections (endometritis), 3 patients with amniotic fluid infections, 2 patients with puerperal fever and 3 patients with other infections. The drug was administered by intravenous drip infusion at a 0.5g to 1.0g dose as IPM and the total doses during an entire course of treatment were 1.5g to 15g. 2. Clinical efficacies were excellent in 4 (20%) and good in 16 patients (80%) and the efficacy rate was 100%. Ten patients had not improved upon treatments with other previous antibiotics. 3. Infective bacteria were eradicated in 4, decreased in 1, and replaced in 6 patients. 4. No side effects or abnormal clinical laboratory test values were observed in any patient.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

[Efficacy of ceftriaxone against infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

Ceftriaxone (CTRX), a newly developed cephalosporin antibiotic, was administered to patients with various bacterial infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, and the following results were obtained. 1. Two grams of CTRX was administered once daily by drip infusion for a total dosage of 6 g to 20 g to each of 3 cases of intrauterine infection, 1 case of adnexitis, 1 case of intrapelvic infection and 2 cases of infection of the external genitalia. 2. Clinical efficacy of CTRX was good in all cases. No laboratory abnormalities were observed nor subjective or objective adverse reactions occurred during the treatment. The administration of CTRX at a dose of 2 g once daily is a clinically convenient treatment regimen, and its results in satisfactory clinical efficacy.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

[Effects of ceftriaxone on infections during the perinatal period].

Ceftriaxone (CTRX) was studied for its efficacy and safety in 8 cases of infection during the perinatal period; 6 before, and 2 after delivery. The results obtained are recognized as follows: 1. CTRX was administered by intravenous drip infusion at a daily dose between 2 and 4 g for 2 to 10 days (a total dose: 4 to 20 g) each of 8 cases of infections during the perinatal period; 3 of amniotic fluid infection and 1 each of intrauterine infection, puerperal fever, puerperal wound infection, appendicitis and pyelonephritis. CTRX was evaluated to be very effective in 3, effective in 3 and ineffective in 2, with an efficacy rate of 75% (6/8). 2. Two strains of Enterococcus faecalis and 1 each of Pseudomonas cepacia and Streptococcus intermedius were isolated. All of them were eradicated by the CTRX treatment bacteriologically. 3. No adverse reactions were observed subjectively or objectively. A slight transient elevation of GOT, GPT and Al-P was observed in 1 case. No abnormal sign was observed in neonates.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

[Basic studies of the effects of various kinds of tocolytics on uterine contraction in pregnant rats].

The effects of various substances involved in the inhibition of uterine contraction on the uterine muscle of pregnant rats were studied in vitro in terms of uterine contraction and alterations in cyclic nucleotides. 1) The inhibitory effect of 4-aminoantipyrine (4AA) on uterine contraction showed a pattern of decline, being less potent that tranylcypromine. The effect of nifedipine was the most potent, followed by ritodrine, tranylcypromine, RU 486 and 4AA, in that order. The inhibitory effects were diminished by administration of ONO-802.PGF2 alpha. 2) Cyclic nucleotide levels changed according to the potency of each agent in the process of inhibition. Although the level of c-AMP tended to increase and that of c-GMP tended to decrease, there were no changes in their levels when nifedipine was administered. 3) Blood and uterine muscle levels of c-AMP were increased in pregnant rats that had been given ritodrine prior to hysterectomy, and there was no inhibitory effect of ritodrine in comparison with pregnant rats that had not been given the agent. The pregnant rats that had been given ritodrine prior to hysterectomy also showed no significant change in the level of c-AMP in the bath-medium.

Abortifacient Agents↗

PubMed1987

[Effects of cefotetan on PIVKA-II changes in the treatment of infections and prophylaxis of surgical infections in the fields of obstetrics and gynecology].

Cephem antibiotics possessing 1-methyl-1-H-tetrazole-5-yl-thiomethyl moiety at the 3 position of beta-lactam skeleton are known to play a significant role in the disturbance of coagulation and bleeding caused by the deficiency of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Among those factors, abnormal prothrombin, protein specifically induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist (PIVKA-II), is recognized to be important. Cefotetan (CTT) is a cephem antibiotic with the above mentioned side chain at the 3 position. In the study reported here, CTT was administered to patients in the fields of obstetrics and gynecology for the treatment of infections (5 patients) and prophylaxis of surgical infections (142 patients). Changes in PIVKA-II levels, hematological and biochemical profiles, and the adverse effects are investigated during the cefotetan treatment. 1. Changes in PIVKA-II levels were observed in 1.2% (1 out of 81) of the patients prior to the CTT treatment and 7.4% (6 out of 81) of patients on the 14th day after the initiation of CTT treatment. 2. Although 6.8% (8 out of 117) of the patients showed slight diarrhoea on day-2 to day-5 after the initiation of CTT treatment, no patients showed any bleeding episodes or adverse effects such as abnormality of biochemical test values and physical signs after the completion of the CTT treatment.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

[A study on the prophylactic effect of cefotaxime against postoperative infections in the obstetrical and gynecological field].

Prophylactic effect of cefotaxime (CTX) against postoperative infection at a dose level of 2 g intravenous per day for 5 days was investigated using fever index in patients who underwent abdominal cesarean section, abdominal simple panhysterectomy or radical hysterectomy. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Total fever index values were 3.53 +/- 2.07 degree hours in a group receiving CTX for prophylactic purpose in abdominal cesarean section (n = 15), 22.25 +/- 0.19 degree hours in a group that had infections before cesarean section and was treated with CTX (n = 2), 3.79 +/- 3.87 degree hours in a group administered with CTX for prophylactic purpose in abdominal simple panhysterectomy (n = 13), at a low level of 3.10 +/- 3.60 degree hours in a group administered with CTX and astromicin (400 mg i.m. per day for 5 days) for prophylaxis in abdominal simple panhysterectomy (n = 13), and 6.72 +/- 3.14 degree hours in a group receiving CTX for prophylaxis in radical hysterectomy (n = 7). When daily fever index values were expressed as cumulative proportions (%) of total fever index, specific patterns were observed for different types of surgical procedures. As the results obtained in our current study as well as our previous study indicate, different antibiotics also influenced these patterns differently. No abnormal laboratory findings nor side effects attributable to CTX were observed.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

[Clinical effect of cefuzonam against infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology].

Clinical studies of cefuzonam (CZON, L-105) were performed in patients of obstetrics and gynecology, and the results obtained are summarized below. 1. CZON was intravenously administered at a daily dose of 1-2 g to 11 cases including 3 cases with intrauterine infection (pyometra), 2 cases of intrapelvic infection (1 case of pelvic dead space infection and 1 case of pelvic peritonitis), 1 case of adnexitis, and others (2 cases of vaginal cuff infection, and 1 case each of vaginal abscess, Baltholin's abscess, and vulvar abscess). Clinical efficacy was excellent in 1 case and good in 10 cases. 2. CZON showed a good antibacterial effect in single and mixed infections. 3. Neither side effects nor abnormal values in clinical laboratory findings attributable to the drug were observed.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

[Prophylactic effects of a combined use of a cephem antibiotic, latamoxef, and tobramycin on postoperative infection in obstetrics and gynecology].

To prevent postoperative infection in obstetric gynecology, latamoxef (LMOX) and tobramycin (TOB) were intravenously administered to 81 patients at daily doses of 2 g and 120 mg, respectively, for 5 postoperative days, and the preventive effect of the combined drugs on postoperative infection were evaluated in terms of the clinical effects and safety. 1. The fever index was low as a whole; 3.38 +/- 2.30 degree hours in patients receiving simple panhysterectomy (n = 61), 3.21 +/- 3.84 degree hours in those given cesarean section (n = 12), and 3.53 +/- 2.78 degree hours in those given other surgical procedures (n = 8). 2. There were no abnormalities in hematological findings or liver and kidney functions 14 days after the surgery. PIVKA-II was observed in 3 of 32 patients 14 days after the operation, at a rate of 9.4%. 3. Except mild diarrhea which was observed in 7 of the 81 patients (8.6%) in 4 to 6 days after the operation, no subjective or objective side effects or postoperative complications were observed. The combined use of LMOX and TOB seems useful for preventing postoperative infection in obstetrics and gynecology in terms of its efficacy and safety.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

[Clinical studies on imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

The penetration of imipenem/cilastatin sodium (MK-0787/MK-0791) into tissues of 6 patients and clinical efficacy in 21 patients with infectious diseases were studied in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. The results are summarized below. The transfer of MK-0787/MK-0791 into genital organ tissues was very good. The clinical efficacy was evaluated for 11 patients with intrauterine infections, 5 patients with intrapelvic infections and 5 patients with other infections. Clinical responses were excellent in 7 (33.3%), good in 13 (61.9%) and poor in 1 patient (4.8%), and the efficacy rate was 95.2 percent. Infective bacteria were eradicated in 4, diminished in 2, unchanged in 1 and replaced by other bacteria in 2 patients. No side effect was observed.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

[Prophylactic and therapeutic use of cefotetan, a cephem antibiotic, for infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

This paper deals with results obtained from the cefotetan (CTT, Yamatetan) study group of department of obstetrics and gynecology in Yamagata prefecture. Efficacy of CTT, a new cephamycin antibiotic, was studied in 50 cases (39 cases of prophylactic use for postoperative infections and 11 cases of several different infections). CTT was administered to each of the patients at a daily dose of 2 grams. No other drugs such as antimicrobial agents, steroids and antiinflammatory drugs which might affect the efficacy of CTT were permitted during the study except for the drug therapy or surgical procedures required for treating underlying diseases. Fever index, one of the examination items to assess the prophylactic effect for postoperative infections as well as daily changes in maximum body temperature, was examined in the prophylactic group. Daily changes in febrile pattern were examined in the infection group. The fever index were 3.4 +/- 4.0 degree hours in cases subjected to cesarean sections in the prophylactic group, 3.7 +/- 3.0 degree hours in cases subjected to gynecological operations in the prophylactic group and 4.5 +/- 5.5 degree hours in the infection group. The clinical efficacy rate in the 11 cases of the infection group was 100%; excellent in 3 cases and good in 8 cases. Bacteriological examination was conducted in 3 of the 11 cases and bacteria were eliminated in all 3 cases. The overall clinical efficacy rate was also 100%; excellent in 5 cases and good in 6 cases. No abnormal laboratory findings nor side effects were observed in any of the cases.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

[The effect of cefotiam in the prophylaxis of postoperative infections in common gynecological surgeries].

Cefotiam (CTM) was administered to 37 cases of cesarean section and 29 cases of total abdominal hysterectomy for prophylactic purposes. Group I was given the agent at a total dose of 14 g (postoperatively 4, 4, 2, 2 and 2 g), group II at a total dose of 10 g (postoperatively 2, 2, 2, 2 and 2 g) and group III at a total dose of 10 g (2 g during operation and postoperatively 2, 2, 2 and 2 g). When fever indices between the groups were compared, group III showed the lowest level of fever index regardless the type of operation. When the results of laboratory test (WBC, CRP, ESR) between the groups were compared, no significant differences were observed, but group III tended to show lower values than others. No side effects due to CTM were noted. The above results indicate that the administration of CTM during operation was the most effective for protection against postoperative infections in terms of changes in fever index and laboratory test values.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

[A study of cephem antibiotics, cefazolin and ceftizoxime, for prophylaxis against infections following obstetric and gynecologic procedures].

Cefazolin (CEZ) and ceftizoxime (CZX) were administered prophylactically to prevent postoperative infections after cesarean section and abdominal simple panhysterectomy, common obstetrical/gynecological procedures. The results were summarized as follows. Total fever indices in cesarean sections for the 2 drug groups were examined and CEZ (n = 8) and CZX (n = 10) indices were found to be 6.0 +/- 3.67 degree hours and 3.6 +/- 1.16 degree hours, respectively. In abdominal simple panhysterectomies, CEZ (n = 11) and CZX (n = 11) indices were 8.15 +/- 5.17 degree hours and 4.26 +/- 2.24 degree hours, respectively. Further, there was a lower daily fever index with CZX than with CEZ in both operation groups. Counts of WBC in both procedure groups were lowest on the 5th postoperative day in the CZX group, so was for the CRP. As for the ESR, the CEZ group was much higher than the CZX group especially in abdominal simple panhysterectomies. Neither subjective/objective side effects nor abnormal laboratory findings were observed in either CEZ or CZX group of patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

[A basic study of the oxytocic effect of prostacyclin on the uterine muscle in pregnant rats].

The effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) on the uterine muscle of pregnant rats were studied in terms of uterine contraction and the variation in cyclic nucleotides. The following results were obtained: The administration of PGI2 stimulated the pregnant uterine muscle (in vitro). The oxytocic potency of PGE1-analog (ONO-802) was greatest, followed in order by that of PGF2 alpha and PGI2. The effect of 5-lypoxygenase inhibitor (AA-861) on uterine contraction was greatest under the administration of LTC4, followed in order by PGI2, oxytocin, PGF2 alpha, LTD4 and ONO-802. The effect of AA-861 was greater under the simultaneous administration of LTD4/LTC4 and ONO-802 than under the simultaneous administration of oxytocin and ONO-802. Terbutaline exerted the inhibitory effect on each of the oxytocies within two minutes in all cases. Its inhibitory effect on the oxytocics was slight in the cases to which oxytocin or ONO-802 was administered. Changes in cyclic nucleotides in the bath medium were determined before and after the administration of each drug. When PGI2 was administered, both c-AMP and c-GMP increased and showed a pattern which was different from that for other oxytocics. This tendency was also observed when PGI2 and other drugs (terbutaline, ONO-802 and AA-861) were administered together.

Alprostadil↗

PubMed1986

[Clinical studies of cefoperazone in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

Clinical studies of cefoperazone (CPZ) were performed in 65 patients of obstetrics and gynecology, and the following results were obtained. When comparing the fever index of cases treated by CPZ to those by another prophylactic antibiotics, CPZ showed the lowest level comparable to CMX and LMOX. Clinical effects: The effectiveness of CPZ was 75% (excellent in 3 cases, good in 3 cases, poor in 2 cases) in 8 infectious cases. No side effects due to CPZ were noted.

Bacterial Infections↗

PubMed1986

[Bacteriological and clinical studies of premature rupture of the membranes].

Cases of premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) were subjected to bacteriological examination of lower genital organs and their clinical courses were analyzed. The results obtained were summarized below. From lower genital organs of cases examined at the 24th-36th week of pregnancy, Gram-positive or Gram-negative aerobes were detected at a high rate in both the group without PROM (-) and the group with PROM (+). From patients in the group with PROM + chorioamnionitis (CAM) anaerobes as well as aerobes were detected at especially high rates. Many patients with PROM (+CAM) were administered with penicillin-antibiotics orally or parenterally. Clinical analysis showed effectiveness of these antibiotics which were especially effective when administered intravenously. The oral administration produced inferior results to the injection judging from clinical results. Patients with PROM and infection during the puerperal period were examined. They were found to include 15 cases of intrauterine infection and 6 cases of puerperal fever. Patients who started showing infectious symptoms at a later time than 8 hours after the onset of PROM tended to have a higher frequencies of infections. The rate of occurrence of cases requiring cesarean section was higher in this group than in the group where infectious symptoms started within 8 hours after PROM.

Cervix Uteri↗

PubMed1985

[Effects of beta-adrenoceptor blockade on parturition and fetal cardiovascular and metabolic system].

Beta-adrenoceptor blockade (beta-blocker) has recently been introduced for use in treating hypertension of pregnancy. The aim of this investigation is to determine the effects of beta-blocker (alprenolol and labetalol) on parturition and on the fetal cardiovascular and metabolic system in normotensive pregnant rats. The continuous administration of alprenolol to pregnant Wistar rats revealed the following: a small placenta intrauterine growth retardation delayed parturition intrauterine death (21.8%) morbidity (30.3%) and, hypoglycemia of neonates. In the cases which received the administration of both labetalol and alprenolol, the growth of fetuses was retarded. However, there was twice as much growth retardation of the fetuses treated with alprenolol. No other abnormalities were observed. The administration of alprenolol in pregnant rat uteri (in vitro) resulted in stimulation of myometrial contractility (oxytocic reaction) and lowered the c-AMP levels in the bath medium. However, when labetalol was administered, uterine activity was reduced in a dose-dependent manner (tocolytic reaction) with a concurrent rise in c-AMP levels in the bath medium. The effect of alprenolol on rat uterine blood flow using the thermocouple method resulted in a decrease of 18-30 percent but with labetalol there was only a slight decrease (0-5%).

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗

PubMed1985

[Influence of arachidonic acid metabolic inhibitors upon uterine contractions].

The stimulating action of uterine contractions of cyclooxygenase products and 5-lipoxygenase products in an arachidonic acid cascade and the role of the inhibitors of both pathways have recently been the subject of much attention. We studied the influences of these drugs using the myometriums of pregnant rats. The inhibitory effects on pregnant uterine contractions (in vitro) were in the order beta 2-stimulants (procaterol, pirbuterol) greater than AA-861 greater than flurbiprofen greater than indomethacin greater than BW-755C. The inhibitory potency was reinforced by concurrent administration of AA-861 and flurbiprofen. Stimulation of the uterine contractions by Leukotriene (LT) was LTD4 greater than LTC4, and also the inhibition of the LT strain was AA-861 greater than flurbiprofen. The stimulation of PGE1 analog (ONO-802) revealed the reaction of LT + AA-861 (-) and LT + flurbiprofen (+/-). As to the changes in c-AMP and c-GMP in the bath medium before and after the administration of each drug, the change in the administration of the LT strain was slight, and an increase in c-AMP and a decrease of c-GMP were noted following the administration of contraction inhibitory substances. Its variation ratios were noted, in the order: increase in c-AMP of AA-861 + flurbiprofen greater than pirbuterol AA-861 greater than BW-755C, and decrease in c-GMP of pirbuterol greater than AA-861 + flurbiprofen greater than A-861 greater than BW-755C.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗