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Biomedical subjects

T Barnes

Publications and source records attributed to T Barnes.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Low birthweight and acute childhood diarrhoea: evidence of their association in an urban settlement of Papua New Guinea.

Children under 5 years of age residing in an urban settlement of Papua New Guinea were monitored from May 1987 to July 1988 in an attempt to identify aetiological factors of childhood diarrhoea. Low birthweight was found to be strongly associated with diarrhoea (incidence density ratio (IDR) = 1.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.26-2.03). The low birthweight effect was noticeable to at least 3 years of age. Greater attention should be paid to reducing the incidence of low birthweight, because such a reduction will not only be of benefit in the control of diarrhoea, but will also alleviate other factors which contribute to infant morbidity and mortality.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Severe clinical manifestations of primary HIV infection.

Three cases of oesophageal candidiasis in association with primary HIV infection are described. In each case the candidiasis was associated with a decreased number of circulating CD4+ cells and responded well to treatment with ketoconazole. Clinicians should be aware that severe opportunistic infections may develop during this stage of infection, presumably as a result of transient immunodeficiency. We argue that the definition of primary HIV infection should be extended to include severe opportunistic infections and neurologic presentations.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Functional classes and equivalence relations.

Three adult subjects were taught a set of two-choice simultaneous discriminations, with three positive and three negative stimuli; all possible combinations of positive and negative stimuli yielded nine different pairs. The discriminations were repeatedly reversed and rereversed, the former positive stimuli becoming negative and the former negative stimuli becoming positive. With all subjects, a reversal of the contingencies for one pair of stimuli became sufficient to change their responses to all of the other pairs. The reversals had produced functional stimulus classes. Then, all subjects showed conditional discriminations emerging between members of a functional class; given a sample from one class and comparisons from both classes, they selected the comparison that was in the same class as the sample. Next, 2 of the subjects showed that the within-class conditional relations possessed the symmetric and transitive properties of equivalence relations; after having been taught to relate new stimuli to existing class members, the subjects then matched other class members to the new stimuli. Subsequent tests of two-choice discriminations showed that the conditional discriminations had transferred functional class membership to the new stimuli. The 3rd subject, who did not show equivalence relations among functional class members, was also found to have lost the within-class conditional relations after the equivalence tests.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

Cloning and expression of a cDNA coding for a human monocyte-derived plasminogen activator inhibitor.

Human monocyte-derived plasminogen activator inhibitor (mPAI-2) was purified to homogeneity from the U937 cell line and partially sequenced. Oligonucleotide probes derived from this sequence were used to screen a cDNA library prepared from U937 cells. One positive clone was sequenced and contained most of the coding sequence as well as a long incomplete 3' untranslated region (1112 base pairs). This cDNA sequence was shown to encode mPAI-2 by hybrid-select translation. A cDNA clone encoding the remainder of the mPAI-2 mRNA was obtained by primer extension of U937 poly(A)+ RNA using a probe complementary to the mPAI-2 coding region. The coding sequence for mPAI-2 was placed under the control of the lambda PL promoter, and the protein expressed in Escherichia coli formed a complex with urokinase that could be detected immunologically. By nucleotide sequence analysis, mPAI-2 cDNA encodes a protein containing 415 amino acids with a predicted unglycosylated Mr of 46,543. The predicted amino acid sequence of mPAI-2 is very similar to placental PAI-2 (3 amino acid differences) and shows extensive homology with members of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) superfamily. mPAI-2 was found to be more homologous to ovalbumin (37%) than the endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor, PAI-1 (26%). Like ovalbumin, mPAI-2 appears to have no typical amino-terminal signal sequence. The 3' untranslated region of the mPAI-2 cDNA contains a putative regulatory sequence that has been associated with the inflammatory mediators.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

The Sydney AIDS Project: development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in a group of HIV seropositive homosexual men.

The Sydney AIDS Project is a prospective immunoepidemiological study of 996 homosexual/bisexual men enrolled between February 1984 and January 1985. By January 1987, 32 of 386 homosexual men who were seropositive at enrollment in the study had developed AIDS, yielding a crude progression rate of between 2.8% and 4.2% per annum. Of these subjects, 23 (72%) developed AIDS within 12 months of enrollment. In univariate analysis, the only lifestyle differences between seropositive subjects who progressed to AIDS and those that did not progress were less frequent oral sex activity and more use of marijuana in the three months prior to enrollment. In multivariate analysis, seropositive subjects who progressed to AIDS were more likely to have a lower percentage of CD4+ cells, a higher percentage of CD8+ cells and to have used marijuana in the three months prior to enrollment than the seropositive subjects who did not progress. No HIV seropositive subject who was asymptomatic and had normal T-cell subsets at enrollment had developed AIDS by January 1987. Persistent generalised lymphadenopathy was not associated with progression to AIDS. Although there are a number of lifestyle factors that may be associated with HIV infection, this study did not implicate most of these in the progression of HIV seropositive subjects to end-stage AIDS. We conclude that antecedent changes in T-cell subsets are associated with progression to AIDS and we emphasise the prognostic value of enumeration of T-cell subsets in HIV seropositive persons.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Characterization of the acute clinical illness associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

The clinical and serologic features and immune status of 39 homosexual men who had seroconversion to human immunodeficiency virus positivity were compared with 26 homosexual men who remained seronegative during a six-month period. An acute clinical illness occurred in 92.3% of seroconverted subjects and 40% of controls. The duration of illness was significantly greater in the seroconverters than the controls (10 + 4.4 days). A general practitioner was consulted by 87.2% of the seroconverters because of the illness, including 12.8% who were admitted to hospital, compared with 20% of controls. The most frequently reported symptoms in the seroconversion group were fever (76.9%); lethargy and malaise (66.7%); anorexia, sore throat, and myalgias (56.4% each); headaches and arthralgias (48.7% each); weight loss (46.2%); swollen glands (43.5%); retro-orbital pain (38.5%); and dehydration and nausea (30.8% each). Lymphadenopathy developed in 75% of seroconverters compared with 4% of controls. Changes in T-cell subsets were not found in controls, but the number of T4+ cells and the T4+/T8+ ratio decreased significantly in seroconverters.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗