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Biomedical subjects

T Barnes

Publications and source records attributed to T Barnes.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Regional mapping of the gene encoding dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, an enzyme involved in UMP synthesis, electron transport, and superoxide generation, to human chromosome region 16q22.

De novo UMP synthesis is a critical metabolic pathway for nucleic acid synthesis and for a variety of metabolic pathways. The pathway is a target for many widely used cancer chemotherapy agents, several of which are pyrimidine analogs. Humans and cattle have been described with mutations in UMP synthesis that lead to serious inborn errors of metabolism. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.3.1) (DHODH) carries out the fourth committed step in the pathway and may also be important for mitochondrial electron transport and oxygen radical metabolism. We report here that the gene encoding this enzyme in humans is located in the chromosomal region 16q22. With the mapping of DHODH, the mapping of all the steps of UMP synthesis is complete. All three genes involved map to different human chromosomes. This information is important in consideration of regulation of UMP synthesis in mammals, including humans.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Increased morbidity with increased pulmonary albumin flux in sepsis-related adult respiratory distress syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility of utilizing a scintigraphic technique to differentiate patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome due to sepsis syndrome from control volunteers and patients with congestive heart failure. Gamma scintigraphy was compared with chest roentgenograms to predict mortality rate and morbidity in adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: University hospital ICUs. PATIENTS: Thirty-five control volunteers, 19 patients with congestive heart failure, 30 patients with a diagnosis of sepsis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: All patients were infused iv with technetium 99m-labeled albumin and underwent computerized gamma-scintigraphic analysis with a portable gamma camera. Lung-to-heart ratio of tracer was calculated and expressed as the slope index. Increase in slope index indicated increased pulmonary albumin flux. Slope index was no different in controls compared with congestive heart failure patients, unless the pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP) was greater than 30 mm Hg. Patients with a diagnosis of sepsis had an overall increased slope index compared with the other groups. A subgroup of patients in the septic group had a normal slope index. Septic patients with an increased slope index had a significantly (p less than .01) longer duration of mechanical ventilation (36 +/- 5 vs. 7 +/- 1 days), spent longer in the ICU (67 +/- 9 vs. 11 +/- 1 days), and had a longer hospital stay (113 +/- 20 vs. 35 +/- 5 days) than septic patients with a normal slope index. CONCLUSIONS: Gamma scintigraphy successfully differentiated between control volunteers and patients with congestive heart failure with PAOP less than 30 mm Hg from patients with sepsis-induced ARDS. Although all of the patients with a clinical diagnosis of septic ARDS had similar impairments in oxygenation and chest roentgenograms, those patients with a significantly increased pulmonary albumin flux (greater than 2 SD above control mean) had a markedly increased morbidity.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Low birthweight and acute childhood diarrhoea: evidence of their association in an urban settlement of Papua New Guinea.

Children under 5 years of age residing in an urban settlement of Papua New Guinea were monitored from May 1987 to July 1988 in an attempt to identify aetiological factors of childhood diarrhoea. Low birthweight was found to be strongly associated with diarrhoea (incidence density ratio (IDR) = 1.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.26-2.03). The low birthweight effect was noticeable to at least 3 years of age. Greater attention should be paid to reducing the incidence of low birthweight, because such a reduction will not only be of benefit in the control of diarrhoea, but will also alleviate other factors which contribute to infant morbidity and mortality.

Acute Disease↗