Biomedical subjects

T Aono

Publications and source records attributed to T Aono.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

Effect of prolactin in serum and follicular fluid on fertilization and cleavage of human oocyte.

To assess the effect of PRL on fertilization and cleavage of oocytes, PRL levels in serum and follicular fluid of normoprolactinemic women who had undergone in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) were determined, and the relationship between PRL levels and fertilization and cleavage rates was studied. A transient increase in serum PRL at the ovulatory phase was found in about half of the IVF-ET patients during clomiphene stimulation, and increased levels of PRL in serum and follicular fluid at the ovulatory phase may suppress the fertilization and cleavage of oocytes.

Cell Division↗

PubMed1991

Effect of insulin-like growth factor I on gonadotropin release from the hypothalamus-pituitary axis in vitro.

The effects of insulin-like growth factor-I on gonadotropin release were studied using primary culture of rat anterior pituitary cells incubated with IGF-I (20-5000 micrograms/l) and a hypothalamus-pituitary perifusion system, in which either the mediobasal hypothalamus-pituitary unit or the pituitary were perifused with IGF-I (20-2000 micrograms/l). In primary cultures of rat anterior pituitary cells, IGF-I (2000 micrograms/l) caused a significant increase in the release of both LH (46% increase) and FSH (27% increase). It also caused a significant decrease in the cellular content of LH (9%) and FSH (19%). Its effects in stimulating gonadotropin release were suppressed by administration of anti IGF-I receptor antibody (1 mg/l). In the perifusion system, IGF-I (2000 micrograms/l) did not affect the LH release from the hypothalamus-pituitary or pituitary alone. However, it caused a significant increase in the GnRH (10(-9) mol/l) stimulated LH release from perifused pituitary. These data suggest that IGF-I enhances pituitary gonadotropin release via the IGF-I receptor, but its effect on the hypothalamus was not confirmed.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

[Relationship between human papillomavirus and oncogenes (c-myc, N-myc) amplification in human cervical cancers].

The human papillomavirus detection and oncogenes amplifications were studied on DNAs from fifteen cervical cancers. We detected HPV16 and HPV18 using Southern blot hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The positive subjects of HPVs were eight cases (53%) observed by Southern blot hybridization and fourteen cases (93%) by PCR technique. The gene amplifications of oncogenes (c-myc and N-myc) were analysed by slot-blot method and were observed in c-myc but not in N-myc. The "LARGE" gene amplification (more than five fold) in c-myc was observed in one case (7%) and the "SMALL" gene amplifications (less than five fold) were observed in six cases (40%) in human cervical cancers. Although one of five cases (20%) with HPV16 was present c-myc gene amplification, all of three cases (100%) with HPV18 were found c-myc gene amplifications. In two out of three cases obtained more than three fold c-myc gene amplifications, HPV were not detectable. It is suggested that the negative correlation between gene amplification and numbers of HPV copies exist in advanced cervical cancers.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Metabolic changes following gastroplasty in Prader-Willi syndrome--a case report.

A vertical banded gastroplasty was performed in an adult female patient with Prader-Willi syndrome in an attempt to prevent the metabolic deterioration caused by polyphagia. After her operation, the patient felt satiated with the scheduled amount of food and one month later, her fasting blood sugar concentration (FBS) decreased from 521 to 125 mg/dl, and her urinary sugar excretion (US) from 257 to 9 g/day. Both glucose tolerance and insulin secretion were also improved. However, these parameters subsequently became worse after dietary control was lost since the surgical procedure alone was unable to continue to suppress the insatiable desire to eat food. Both her glucose tolerance and insulin secretion by the 31st postoperative month were better than before the surgery, but worse than at one month after the surgery. At the end of the surgery, but worse than at one month after the surgery. At the end of the 34th postoperative month, even under the temporary administration of 0.625 mg/day of glibenclamide, her FBS was 158 mg/dl and US, 38.1 g/day. Her body weight had also increased to over her preoperative value. Based on these results, we conclude that the effect of gastroplasty to prevent metabolic deterioration in our patient with Prader-Willi syndrome gradually diminishes.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Protective effect of vitamin E on fetal distress induced by ischemia of the uteroplacental system in pregnant rats.

The effect of dietary vitamin E on the fetal ischemic distress induced by clamping the uterotubal vessels of pregnant rats was studied. The fetal heart rate was measured by the pulsed doppler technique as an index of fetal distress induced by ischemia. On reperfusion after clamping the vessels for 9 min, the decreased fetal heart rate was restored to normal rapidly and completely in the E-supplemented group, but slowly and incompletely in the E-deficient and control groups. On reperfusion after ischemia, the amounts of lipid peroxides, measured as thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-reactive substances, were greatly increased in the fetal brain and liver and in the placenta of in the E-deficient and control groups, but not in the E-supplemented group. The vitamin E concentrations in fetal tissues were less than 10% of those in the maternal tissues. Significant differences were found in the vitamin E concentrations in the maternal serum and liver in the three groups of rats given diet containing different amounts of vitamin E for 2 weeks. No significant differences were found between the vitamin E-deficient and control groups in the levels of vitamin E in the fetal brain and liver and the placenta, but these levels were significantly lower than those in the E-supplemented group.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and phorbol ester stimulate prolactin release from rat anterior pituitary cells by different mechanisms.

The relationship between 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) and calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) in prolactin (PRL) release was investigated in rat anterior pituitary cells. Arachidonic acid or 5-HETE, a 5-lipoxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid, is known to cause a significant concentration-dependent increase in PRL release. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and dioctanoyglycerol (diC8) have also been known to stimulate PRL release from pituitary cells, so we showed that these PRL releases were correlated with the activation of protein kinase C, that is, they induced dose-dependent translocation of protein kinase C from the cytosol to the membrane. Arachidonic acid, however, did not cause a significant change in the distribution of protein kinase C. We also showed that the PRL release induced by arachidonic acid and that induced by 5-HETE were additional to that by 100 nM PMA. Thus we suggested that the signals for the stimulation of PRL release sent by arachidonic acid and 5-HETE would be different from the signal sent through protein kinase C by PMA.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Effect of 2-buten-4-olide, an endogenous suppressant of feeding, on reproductive function in rats.

The effects of 2-buten-4-olide, an endogenous feeding suppressant, on the estrous cycle and LH secretion were studied to determine the influence of this compound on reproductive function. Estrous cycling female Wistar rats were treated ip with 2-buten-4-olide (0, 30 or 100 mg.kg-1.day-1) for 2 weeks. Treatment with 100 mg.kg-1.day-1 delayed the estrous cycle. 2-Buten-4-olide increased the pituitary content of LH (1651.3 +/- 164.4 vs 927.7 +/- 65.1 ng/pituitary; p less than 0.01), and decreased the serum LH level compared with the control level in diestrus (0.16 +/- 0.01 vs 0.26 +/- 0.03 microgram/l; p less than 0.05). However, it did not affect the GnRH content of the mediobasal hypothalamus. The direct effects of 2-buten-4-olide on the pituitary response to GnRH was examined by perifusing the pituitary. Medium containing 2-buten-4-olide (10(-4) mol/l) suppressed the pituitary response to GnRH (2 micrograms/l) (percent increase at 50 min after start of GnRH stimulation: 180 +/- 47 vs 406 +/- 66%; p less than 0.05). These findings suggest that 2-buten-4-olide is involved in the regulation of pituitary gonadotropin secretion directly by suppressing the pituitary responsiveness to GnRH, and that 2-buten-4-olide may play an important role in starvation-induced anestrus.

4-Butyrolactone↗

PubMed1990

[Ultrasonographic evaluation of advancement of uterine endometrial carcinoma; comparison with postoperative histological findings].

Preoperative ultrasonographic examinations of endometrial carcinoma have been performed in 47 patients in Tokushima University Hospital since 1976. The size of intrauterine echo masses, cervical involvement and thickness of uninvolved myometrium were measured by longitudinal and transverse scan. The results were compared with postoperative histological findings. The results were as follows; 1) Endometrial echoes were identified in 94% (44/47). Echogenic masses which were characteristic of endometrial carcinoma were observed in 79% (37/47). 2) The average size of echogenic masses in pT1 carcinoma was significantly smaller than in more advanced cancers (pT2 or more). Especially when the area (longitudinal x anteroposterior diameter) of a mass was under 500 mm2 and the volume (longitudinal x anteroposterior x transverse diameter) was under 10,000 mm3, the probability of pT1 carcinoma was significantly high. 3) Eighty-seven percent (13/15) of cases with and 81% (22/27) of cases without cervical involvement of endometrial carcinoma were correctly diagnosed by ultrasonography. 4) Extrauterine extension of the tumor was found in 63% (5/8) when the thickness of the uninvolved myometrium measured by ultrasonography was under 3mm, whereas when the thickness was over 3mm, extrauterine extension of the tumor was found in only 19% (5/27). From these data, ultrasonography was effective for the evaluation of the advancement of endometrial carcinoma, especially cervical involvement, myometrial invasion and extrauterine extension.

Female↗

PubMed1990

[Hormonal control of lactation].

We studied the mechanism of normal lactation, especially the roles of prolactin (PRL) and oxytocin (OXT) in the initiation of lactation, the lactation in the women complicated with endocrinological disorders, and medical therapies for stimulation and suppression of lactation. The level of serum PRL increases as pregnancy progresses, and reaches to a peak on the day of delivery. Despite high PRL level, milk secretion does not appear during pregnancy, because the sex steroid hormones suppress binding of PRL to the receptor in the mammary gland. The initiation of milk secretion in puerperal women seems to be closely related to an increase in PRL levels induced by adequate suckling. In the mechanism of suckling-induced PRL increase, OXT from posterior pituitary seems to have an important role. Furthermore, the poor response of PRL to suckling was due to insufficient stimulation to the nipples by suckling because the size of nipples were relatively small in these mothers. The other mechanism involved in lactation is suckling-induced OXT secretion. OXT stimulates milk ejection. Anxiety or fear may inhibit the OXT release. We demonstrated that the number of pulsatile release of OXT by nursing was significantly decreased by the psychological stress induced by mental calculation. In the puerperal women with prolactinomas after surgery, the serum PRL level did not increase during pregnancy and milk secretion in puerperium was poor. In the puerperal women with diabetes mellitus, milk secretion was also poor. One of the causes may be related to the low PRL response to suckling stimuli. PRL stimulates milk yield in the mammary gland, but is not commercially available.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Female↗

PubMed1989

Cancer cell emboli in the pectoral lymphatics of patients with breast cancer.

In order to investigate the possibility of local recurrence in the pectoral muscles of patients who undergo modified radical mastectomies, the cancer cell involvement of the lymphatics associated with the pectoralis major muscle was studied in 39 patients who underwent a standard radical mastectomy for Stage I-III breast cancer. Cancer cell emboli were found in the transpectoral lymphatics of 2 patients (2/39 = 5.1 per cent) and in the pectoral fascial lymphatics of 6 patients (6/39 = 15.4 per cent). Two patients with fascial lymphatic cancer cell emboli were from a group of 14 patients with intramammary lymphatic tumor emboli of a low degree (ly 1). The other 6 patients with cancer cell emboli in either the pectoral fascia or the transpectoral lymphatics were from a group of 11 patients with intramammary lymphatic tumor emboli of a moderate degree (ly 2). There was a significant relationship between the intramammary and the pectoral lymphatic cancer cell emboli (Chi square test: (p less than 0.05). The results of this study therefore indicate that lymphatic cancer cell emboli in the pectoral fascia and muscle are an important risk factor for patients who undergo a modified radical mastectomy.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Significance of D-mannose as a sperm receptor site on the zona pellucida in human fertilization.

The role of monosaccharides in human fertilization was studied by testing their effects on penetration of spermatozoa into mature human oocytes (zona penetration test). When oocytes were pretreated with concanavalin A, wheat germ agglutinin, or Ricinus communis agglutinin-I at a concentration of 100 micrograms/ml, no spermatozoa were found to bind to or penetrate through the zona pellucida. Penetration of spermatozoa was restored when the zona pellucida pretreated with wheat germ agglutinin and Ricinus communis agglutinin-I were rinsed with N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (wheat germ agglutinin inhibitor) and D-galactose (Ricinus communis agglutinin inhibitor), respectively. Conversely, the blocking effect of concanavalin A on sperm penetration was not reversed by treatment with D-mannose (concanavalin A inhibitor). Furthermore, pretreatment of spermatozoa with D-mannose (50 mmol/L) completely inhibited sperm penetration through the zona pellucida. However, sperm penetration was clearly demonstrated when the zona pellucida was pretreated with D-mannose. These data suggest that D-mannose residues are essential in, or sterically closely related to, the sperm receptor site on the human zona pellucida.

Carbohydrates↗

PubMed1989

Methods for monitoring follicle maturation decrease; the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome during gonadotropin treatment.

Therapy with human menopausal gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin (hMG-hCG) has proved effective for induction of ovulation in patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism showing anovulation or sterility. However, two important complications, the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and multiple gestations, are observed in a few patients treated with these hormones. In the past, follicular maturation was evaluated by the cervical mucus score (CM) and serum estradiol level (E2). But recently, ultrasonographic monitoring (USG) and the measurement of urinary estrogen (E) with a commercial kit of sufficiently high sensitivity have been advocated for the prevention of these complications. In this study, we investigated the relationships between the monitoring methods during hMG-hCG treatment and the rates of the OHSS, ovulation, pregnancy and multiple pregnancy.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗

PubMed1989

Treatment of malignant ascites with allogeneic and autologous lymphokine-activated killer cells.

Two cases of peritonitis carcinomatosa with gynecological cancer, which did not respond to conventional treatment, were treated by intraperitoneal adoptive immunotherapy with allogeneic or autologous lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells plus interleukin-2. In case 1, reduction of acute ascites and disappearance of malignant cells from the peritoneal fluid and decreased levels of tumor markers (CA12-5 and CA19-9) were demonstrated during the treatment. In case 2, which also received additional treatment for pleuritis carcinomatosa, reduction of ascites and pleural effusion and disappearance of malignant cells from the pleural fluid were noted. In these cases allogeneic LAK therapy was well tolerated. This therapy did not prolong the patients' lives, but the findings indicate that it had appreciable local antitumor effects on peritonitis and pleuritis carcinomatosa in these patients with gynecological cancer.

Ascites↗

PubMed1989

Spontaneous recovery from hypopituitarism due to postpartum hemorrhage.

A rare case is presented of a woman with spontaneous recovery from hypopituitarism following postpartum hemorrhage. One month after delivery, serum thyroid hormone, TSH, LH and FSH levels were low, and their secretion from the pituitary gland responded poorly to the TRH and LH-RH tests. Pituitary TSH response was normal 3 months after delivery. In the LH-RH test, pituitary LH and FSH response returned to normal at 2 months. Pituitary GH secretion and serum cortisol levels induced by ITT already responded normally one month postpartum. Excessive secretion of pituitary PRL was observed 3 months after delivery and improved gradually thereafter. These results indicate that the secretion of pituitary tropic hormones was sensitive to pituitary ischemia in the following order: TSH, gonadotropin, GH and ACTH. The disturbance of these hormones also persisted in the same order.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Ovulation following combined therapy with wen-jing-tang and clomiphene citrate therapy in anovulatory women.

The effect of combined therapy with Wen-Jing-Tang and clomiphene citrate on anovulation was studied in 16 infertile patients who did not respond to clomiphene citrate alone. Wen-Jing-Tang was given at a dose of 5 g a day every day from day 2 of the menstrual cycles and clomiphene citrate was given at 150 mg a day for 5 days from day 5 of the cycle. Ovulation occurred in 43.8% of the patients and 48.6% of the cycles. No case of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome or pregnancy were observed. These results suggest that the combined therapy with Wen-Jing-Tang and clomiphene citrate should be used before therapy with human menopausal gonadotropin.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Synthesis and antitumor activity of new amphiphilic alkylglycerolipids substituted with a polar head group, 2-(2-trimethylammonioethoxy)ethyl or a congeneric oligo(ethyleneoxy)ethyl group.

A new series of amphiphilic 1-octadecyl glycerolipids (eleven compounds, 1a-k) were designed and synthesized, in which the 3-phosphocholine portion of platelet-activating factor (1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, PAF) was replaced by the 2-(2-trimethylammonioethoxy)ethyl group and congeneric groups having oligo(ethyleneoxy)ethyl bridges of various lengths at position 3, together with modification at position 2 (lower alkyl, acetonyl, acetoacetyl, carboxymethyl and pyrimidin-2-yl groups). These ether lipids, characterized by a nonphosphorus lysoglycerolipid structure, showed potent antitumor activity in vitro (human promyelocytic leukemia cells, HL-60, and human epidermoid carcinoma cells, KB) and in vivo (mouse sarcoma S180 and mouse mammary carcinoma MM46). Maximal in vitro potency was obtained with 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-(2-pyrimidinyl)-3-O-[2-(2-trimethylammonioethoxy )ethyl] glycerol (1g; IC50 values for both HL-60 and KB were 0.32 microgram/ml, indicating a higher activity than alkyl-lysophospholipid, ET18-OMe). Several appropriately 2-substituted 1-octadecylglycerolipids with the 3-[2-(2-trimethylammonioethoxy)ethyl] group (e.g., methyl, 1b; butyl, 1f; 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 1j; and acetonyl, 1k) showed a potent life-span-prolonging effect on mice with ascites sarcoma S180 and on those with mammary carcinoma MM46, when administered intraperitoneally at 16.5 and 12.5 mg/kg/d, respectively. Compounds 1b and 1k showed definite tumor growth inhibition against solid sarcoma S180 in mice, whether given p.o. or i.v. at 16.5 mg/kg/d. Studies on the structure-activity relationships indicate that the metabolic stability to phospholipase C or related enzymes is at least partly responsible for the potent antitumor activity of this series of ether lipids.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Suppression of serum immunoreactive human epidermal growth factor by acute increase in prolactin in women.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is known to stimulate proliferation of various mammalian cells and secretion of prolactin (PRL) from rat anterior pituitary tumor cells. The effect of an acute increase in serum PRL induced by thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) or metoclopramide (MCP) on the serum immunoreactive EGF concentration was examined in nine hyperprolactinemic patients and eight normoprolactinemic women. The basal level of serum EGF in normoprolactinemic subjects was 472.8 +/- 51.1 pg/ml (Mean +/- SEM), which was not significantly different from that in hyperprolactinemic patients (487.8 +/- 22.5 pg/ml). The serum EGF concentration was decreased to 40-50% of the basal level after the abrupt increase in serum PRL induced by the injection of TRH or MCP in normoprolactinemic subjects, but no significant change in serum EGF occurred in hyperprolactinemic patients after MCP injection, in spite of a significant increase in PRL. These results suggest that an acute increase of serum PRL in normoprolactinemic women, but not in hyperprolactinemic patients, suppresses serum EGF.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1989

Studies on GnRH agonist suppression of estrogen production in patients with endometriosis.

The chronic administration of GnRH agonists to women results in the reversible suppression of estrogen production by the ovary. In the present study, the mechanism of the GnRH agonist suppression of estrogen production was investigated in patients with endometriosis. During the treatment with intranasal buserelin spray, the concentration of serum estradiol-17 beta (E2) was suppressed to near-castrate levels. Despite this marked suppression of serum E2, immunoreactive LH and FSH levels in serum were not changed. On the other hand, serum bioactive LH was markedly reduced. It was also observed during the treatment that the pituitary LH pulse disappeared and pituitary response to exogenous GnRH was significantly suppressed. In contrast, ovarian response to human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) was not altered during the treatment. These findings suggest that the GnRH agonist suppression of estrogen production in the patients with endometriosis is through both suppression of the secretion of biologically active LH and the reduction of the LH pulse, but not through a direct inhibitory effect on ovarian estrogen biosynthesis.

Administration, Intranasal↗