Reinforcement of heat-cured acrylic resin denture-bases with 4-META adhesive resin and Co-Cr alloy wrought wires.
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Acrylic Resins↗
Biomedical subjects
T Aoki
Publications and source records attributed to T Aoki.
Anti-thymocyte globulin and prednisone immunotherapy of recent onset type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Increasing evidence that Type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease, together with successful cure/prevention in animal models of this disease (e.g. BB/W rat) has led to several trials of immunotherapy in recent onset Type 1 diabetes of man. In this communication we report our experience with short courses of prednisone and antithymocyte globulin (ATGAM) plus prednisone. Prednisone characteristically suppressed Ia positive T lymphocytes into the normal range, but had no long-lasting effect on T-cell phenotype. ATGAM plus prednisone markedly decreased the ratio of T4/T8 ("helper"/"suppressor-cytotoxic") positive T lymphocytes, and this remained suppressed for months. ATGAM treated patients had lower HbA1c on a lower dose of insulin 100 or more days following immune therapy (with 4 out of 5 patients requiring less than 0.2 U/Kg insulin/day). Two patients in the ATGAM treated group did not require insulin for more than 8 months; during remission they had normal fasting blood glucose values, but with abnormal glucose tolerance on oral glucose tolerance testing. Severe, though transient, thrombocytopenia was observed in 2 patients on ATGAM therapy which outweighed its clinical effects.
Adolescent↗
Longitudinal measurements of vertical forces exerted on overdenture abutment teeth--part 1: Without space between denture-base and abutment.
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Adult↗
Monoclonal antibody-dependent murine macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity against human tumors is stimulated by lentinan.
The beta (1----3) glucan lentinan was tested for its capacity to increase the cytotoxic effect of murine peritoneal macrophages for human tumor cells in the presence of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Activity was maximum in macrophages obtained on day 5 following intraperitoneal injection of CBA mice with 2.5 mg of lentinan per kg body weight. Macrophages stimulated by lentinan were cytotoxic in conjunction with IgG1, IgG2a and IgG3 MAbs, but not with IgG2b, IgM, or IgA MAbs. The demonstration of a similar enhancing effect by lentinan on human macrophages might have implications for potentiating the tumoricidal effect of these macrophages in the presence of tumor antigen-specific MAbs.
Animals↗
Masked type I wheat allergy. Relation to exercise-induced anaphylaxis.
Six patients had type I hypersensitivity to wheat. Three cases were exercise-induced anaphylaxis to wheat, one was exercise-induced urticarial reaction to wheat (with angioedema), and the remaining two were exercise-accentuated urticarial reaction to wheat. Elimination of wheat from the diet completely cleared these symptoms. Allergens were prepared from wheat, gluten, gliadin, and glutenin by simple extraction and enzyme digestion, and these preparations were used in skin tests. The allergens obtained from gluten, gliadin, and glutenin by pepsin digestion were qualitatively different from wheat and gluten allergens obtained by simple extraction and were more related to exercise-induced anaphylaxis. Trypsin digestion showed no such effect and abolished all these allergens. These results indicate that wheat allergens are reinforced in the stomach and destroyed in the jejunum.
Adolescent↗
[G-I hormones and gastric functions--with special reference to the pyloroplasty for the selective proximal vagotomy].
UNLABELLED: Serum gastrin changes before and after selective proximal vagotomy (SPV) were studied in relation to the gastric motility and the acid secretion clinically and experimentally and the effects of pyloroplasty were investigated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Experimental studies revealed that test meals provoked gastrin secretion to stimulate gastric motility. Periodical gastric acid secretions were observed during hunger period, along with elevated serum gastrin levels. After SPV, gastrin responses to the test meals were significantly increased so that the pyloric ring motility was disturbed. Clinical studies revealed that adrenaline infusion test provoked significant gastrin responses to secrete acid secretions in duodenal ulcer patients. After SPV, increased gastrin responses to adrenaline restored acid secretions as much as preoperative acid secretions responded to the adrenaline test. Pyloroplasty for the SPV inhibited the gastrin and acid secretions responded to the adrenaline test.
Animals↗
Cloning and sequence analysis of a cDNA for the alpha-globin mRNA of carp, Cyprinus carpio.
A cDNA for alpha-globin mRNA of the carp, Cyprinus carpio, was cloned by the method of Okayama and Berg (Mol. Cell. Biol. 2 (1982) 161-170) and its complete nucleotide sequence was determined. The 5' non-coding region contained 23 nucleotides. Following this region, there was an open reading frame encoded with an alpha-globin polypeptide consisting of 142 amino acids. The 3' non-coding region was 88 nucleotides in length, including two copies of the hexanucleotide AATAAA and a poly(A) site of the GC dinucleotide. There were 16 discrepancies between the reported amino acid sequence of the carp alpha-globin chain and the amino acid sequence predicted from the DNA sequence of the clone. The possible explanations for these differences in amino acid sequence are discussed.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Postmortem changes of uric acid in various rat tissues: determination of uric acid by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.
As a function of time after decapitation, postmortem changes of uric acid in various rat tissues have been studied by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The chromatographic examination revealed that uric acid in rat tissues such as brain, liver, musculus rectus abdominis, and femoral muscle tends to increase after decapitation as a function of time between the sacrifice and homogenization in a 2.0% metaphosphoric acid solution.
Animals↗
Antibodies to HTLV I and III in sera from two Japanese patients, one with possible pre-AIDS.
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
In vitro antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV)-producing cells.
Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV)-producing cells were lysed by peripheral mononuclear cells (PMNC) from both anti-HTLV antibody-positive and -negative healthy persons in the presence of natural humoral antibodies against HTLV-related antigens (antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, ADCC). PMNC from patients with T-cell leukemia, however, did not possess the positive reaction even in the presence of natural antibodies. In contrast, when the antibodies were absent, no cytotoxicity was caused by PMNC from any donors. Additionally, the complement present in the antibody-positive plasma did not contribute to humoral antibody-dependent cytotoxicity in the presence of plasma without PMNC. Therefore, ADCC against HTLV-producing cells may correlate with the prophylaxis of HTLV-induced malignancy in vivo.
Adult↗
Location of human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) p19 antigen on virus-producing cells.
Mouse monoclonal antibody to HTLV p19 was used to locate HTLV p19 on the surface of cells and virions by immunofluorescence microscopy (IFM) and immunoelectron microscopy (IEM). When HTLV-producing cells HUT 102 (B2 clone), MT-2 and strain A were used as target cells, HTLV p19 was detected on the surface of cells and virions as spots or small sectors by both IFM and IEM. Cells infected with animal type-C retroviruses, e.g., gibbon ape leukemia virus, simian sarcoma virus, feline leukemia virus, and Gross murine leukemia virus, were completely negative for HTLVp19 expression. Other human T cells not producing HTLV, including HUT78 and HSB2-0, immature or pre-T cells (Molt-3) derived from leukemia patients, and fresh peripheral blood T cells from healthy persons, were also negative. In addition, B cells including Rob-B, IM-9, Raji, and BT-1 did not react with the monoclonal antibody to HTLV p19. In the light of the presence of HTLV p19 in the periphery of acetone-fixed HTLV-producing cells as shown by IFM, it seems most likely that HTLV p19 is an internal antigen of HTLV with part of its structure protruding out of the viral and cell membrane. The monoclonal antibody to HTLV p19 did not lyse HTLV-producing cells in the presence of complement, as expected, because the antibody is an IgG1. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity was also studied by the 51Cr-release assay. No cytotoxicity was observed. Although HTLV p19 does not contribute to the destruction of malignant T cells for treatment and/or virions for prophylaxis, this protein is an important marker for diagnosis of HTLV infection. The patterns of HTLV p19 expression described above were exactly the same for American HTLV-producing HUT 102 (B2 clone), for strain A cells and for Japanese HTLV-producing MT-2 cells. These results further substantiate the close relationship of the Japanese and American HTLV isolates.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Methacholine-stimulated release of benzoyl-arginine-ethylester esterase from mouse submandibular gland cells.
The possible existence of cholinoceptor for inducing benzoyl-arginine-ethylester (BAEe) esterase release in the mouse submandibular gland was investigated using dispersed-cell preparations from normal male and female, castrated male and testosterone-treated female mice. Methacholine (a cholinoceptive agonist) induced esterase release only in normal female and castrated male mice, both of which had low esterase activity in the submandibular glands, whereas norepinephrine (an alpha-adrenoceptor agonist) induced esterase release in all of the mice. Methacholine-induced esterase release was completely inhibited by atropine, a cholinoceptive antagonist, but not by phenoxybenzamine, an alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist. The effects of metacholine and norepinephrine on esterase release were additive. The results suggest the coexistence of cholinoceptor and alpha-adrenoceptors for esterase release in the mouse submandibular gland. Calcium was essential for esterase release induced by either methacholine or norepinephrine.
Animals↗
Phylogenetic relationships among Vibrio anguillarum plasmids.
Results of restriction endonuclease analysis and Southern blot hybridization suggest that the R-plasmids from Vibrio anguillarum strains isolated in Japan can be divided into at least four groups of homology depending on the time of their isolation and geographical source. Molecular cloning experiments allowed identification of specific restriction endonuclease fragments carrying the genes for either Cmr or Tcr as the common sequences between some of these groups of R-plasmids. The Cmr region from the V. anguillarum R-plasmids was homologous to the Cmr sequences of an R-plasmid isolated from another fish pathogen, Aeromonas salmonicida. The plasmid pJM1 from V. anguillarum strains isolated in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States, which encodes an iron transport system associated with the high-virulence phenotype of these strains, showed homology with two of the Japanese R-plasmids.
Aeromonas↗
Acting mechanisms of Lentinan in human--I. Augmentation of DNA synthesis and immunoglobulin production of peripheral mononuclear cells.
The immunopotentiating activity and acting mechanisms of Lentinan were investigated in the human system, resulting in clarification of the following characteristics. (a) Augmentation of DNA synthesis of peripheral mononuclear cells (PMNC) occurred both in vitro and in vivo by adding or injecting Lentinan, for which the coexistence of T cells, B cells and adherent cells (mainly monocytes) was essential. (b) No additional mitogenic effect of Lentinan was observed when PMNC were incubated with both Lentinan and other mitogens. (c) In vitro production of immunoglobulin by PMNC induced with pokeweed mitogen was enhanced through the inhibition of suppressor T cell activity by Lentinan.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
Acting mechanisms of Lentinan in human--II. Enhancement of non-specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity as an interferon inducer.
The immunopotentiator "Lentinan" augmented the cell-mediated cytotoxicity in humans. (a) The activation of killer T cells by the mixed lymphocyte culture was accelerated only when responder cells were mixed with both a suboptimum number of stimulator cells and Lentinan. (b) The interferon level in the peripheral blood circulation of cancer patients was elevated in 12 h following Lentinan administration, and natural killer activity of peripheral mononuclear cells was enhanced in 48 h. These data indicate that Lentinan favorably affects the host mechanisms of man.
Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
Failure to produce axon reflex-sweating in the volar skin of Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata) and crab-eating monkey (Macaca irus).
The functional properties of the sweat glands and their innervation in the volar skin of three Japanese monkeys and two crab-eating monkeys were investigated. The sweat glands responded to both cholinomimetic and adrenomimetic agents, the former being highly predominant in the sudorific effect. Spontaneous emotional sweating was strongly or completely inhibited by atropine at 10(-8)-10(-7) g/ml, but not by dihydroergotamine at 10(-5)-10(-4) g/ml. Axon reflex sweating could not be produced by nicotine at 10(-5)-10(-4) g/ml in all of primates tested. The nerve fibers surrounding the sweat glands were histochemically confirmed to contain both acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase.
Acetylcholine↗
Drug resistance and R plasmids in Vibrio anguillarum isolated in cultured ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis).
Two hundred twenty-six strains of Vibrio anguillarum collected from cultured ayu ( Plecoglossus altivelis ) between 1978 and 1980 were studied for their sensitivities to 10 chemotherapeutics. In order to determine whether the drug-resistant strains possessed transferable R plasmids, they were conjugated with Escherichia coli. Almost all the strains isolated during the 3 years showed resistance to nalidixic acid (NA) and/or furazolidone (NF). NA and NF resistance were not transferred to Escherichia coli from any of the strains. Chloramphenicol-resistant strains were isolated in every year and almost all of them carried transferable R plasmids. Only one strain with tetracycline resistance was found among the strains tested. Strains resistant to sulfonamides, streptomycin, ampicillin (ABP), and trimethoprim (TMP) increased rapidly in 1980, and a large number of them carried transferable R plasmids. Transferable R plasmids encoded with resistance to ABP and TMP were detected for the first time in V. anguillarum strains. The R plasmids detected in the strains isolated in 1980 were classified into incompatibility groups E, A, and an untypable group. The R plasmid DNAs were cleaved by EcoRI to yield 11 to 13 fragments. The estimated molecular weights of the R plasmids from the five strains ranged from 97 to 104 M daltons.
Animals↗
Dermographism (mechanical urticaria) mediated by IgM.
Sera of three patients with symptomatic mechanical urticaria caused an immediate weal and flare reaction when injected intracutaneously into related recipients, and serum of one patient caused the same reaction in his own skin. Pretreatment of test skin sites with Compound 48/80 abolished or greatly reduced the reaction. This weal-producing substance was found in the same fraction as IgM in Sephadex G-200 gel filtration, was stable to heat treatment (56 degrees C, 4 h) and labile to 2-mercaptoethanol treatment. An immunoadsorption study using anti-IgM serum identified this weal-producing substance as IgM.
Adolescent↗