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Biomedical subjects

T Akiyoshi

Publications and source records attributed to T Akiyoshi.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

A cadaveric study of maxillary sinus size as an aid in bone grafting of the maxillary sinus floor.

PURPOSE: This study measured maxillary sinus volume as an aid in determining graft bone volume before grafting of the maxillary sinus floor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Maxillary sinus size was measured in 32 cadavers (59 sinuses) using casts of the maxillary sinus made using dental impression material. RESULTS: Anteroposterior length, height, width, and volume of the maxillary sinus (mean+/-SD) were 30.1+/-5.65 mm, 34.6+/-7.71 mm, 25.4+/-5.71 mm, and 11.3+/-4.60 cm3, respectively. When the sinus-lift procedure was simulated, inferior sinus volumes (mean +/- SD) were 3.51+/-1.23 cm3 for a 15-mm lift and 5.66+/-1.71 cm3 for a 20-mm lift. CONCLUSIONS: In bone grafting of the maxillary sinus floor, taking into consideration individual differences in maxillary sinus volume and resorption of the grafted bone, 4.74 cm3 or more of the graft is required for a 15-mm lift, and 7.37 cm3 or more is required for a 20-mm lift.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Association between restriction fragment length polymorphism of the L-myc gene and susceptibility to gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND: L-myc polymorphism has been documented to be a representative genetic trait which is related an individual's susceptibility to several cancers. However, there have been no reports concerning any significant association between susceptibility to gastric cancer and L-myc polymorphism. METHODS: The distribution of L-myc polymorphism in 61 patients with gastric cancer was determined by polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism and compared with that of 107 healthy control subjects. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the distribution of both genotypes (P = 0.024) and allele frequencies (P = 0.026) between the two groups. The relative risk of gastric cancer for genotypes with the shorter (S) allele was 3.09 compared with the longer (L) allele homozygote. No significant correlation with clinicopathological features of the cancers except for prognosis was found. The patients with SS genotypes had a worse prognosis than those with LL or LS genotypes (P = 0.029). CONCLUSION: L-myc polymorphism may be significant in an individual's susceptibility to gastric cancer in Japan, and may be a useful marker for identifying patients at high risk of developing gastric cancer.

Disease Susceptibility↗
PubMed1998

Clinical significance of molecular detection of carcinoma cells in lymph nodes and peripheral blood by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in patients with gastrointestinal or breast carcinomas.

PURPOSE: This study evaluates the clinical significance of detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) mRNA in the dissected lymph nodes and peripheral blood samples of patients with gastrointestinal or breast carcinomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 406 lymph nodes obtained from 65 patients were analyzed by both histologic and molecular examination of CEA-specific reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Peripheral blood samples from another 102 patients were also analyzed by CEA-specific RT-PCR. Patients were followed up prospectively for 24 +/- 12 months. RESULTS: Of 406 lymph nodes, the positive detection rate increased from 20% by histologic examination to 60% by RT-PCR examination. The recurrence rate was 40% in 15 cases showing positive results in both examinations, 14% in 29 cases showing histologically negative but RT-PCR positive results, and none in 21 cases showing negative results in both examinations. The positive detection rate for CEA mRNA in peripheral blood samples increased with advancing stage of disease. With respect to 62 curatively operated cases, CEA mRNA was detected in 12 cases. Four of these 12 cases developed metastatic disease after surgery whereas none of 50 cases negative by RT-PCR developed metastasis. CONCLUSION: It has been shown that RT-PCR is a powerful tool to detect CEA mRNA in the lymph nodes or the peripheral blood. This is potentially very useful to determine high-risk patients for metastasis. Serial analysis is warranted to assess the long-term significance of this method and its therapeutic and prognostic implications.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1998

Expression of ornithine decarboxylase mRNA and c-myc mRNA in breast tumours.

We examined the expression of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) mRNA in 53 female cases of breast cancer by a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay to determine the clinicopathologic significance of its expression. A significantly higher expression of ODC mRNA was, observed in younger patients than in older patients. The patients with a larger sized tumour possessed a significantly higher expression of ODC mRNA. In addition, the cases with a poor prognosis showed significantly higher expression of ODC. Previous studies have reported in vivo and in vitro correlation between the expression of ODC and c-myc genes in human carcinomas. We disclosed a significant correlation between these genes in primary breast carcinomas. We conclude that the expression of ODC may potentially be a new biological marker for breast carcinoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Detection of ras gene mutations in peripheral blood of carcinoma patients using CD45 immunomagnetic separation and nested mutant allele specific amplification.

We developed a sensitive technique of detecting circulating tumor cells in carcinoma patients, using CD45 immunomagnetic separation to isolate epithelial cells in blood samples and specific polymerase chain reaction analysis to identify point mutations of the K-ras gene. The method is based on the fact that the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) that express CD45 antigen are trapped with anti-CD45 conjugated supramagnetic microbeads while the carcinoma cells that do not express CD45 antigen are not trapped and pass through the magnetic fields. This method concentrated the number of carcinoma cells 3.3 times. After this separation, the modified method of mutant allele specific amplification was applied and this method was able to ten control carcinoma cells in a background of 107 PBMC. A preliminary clinical study demonstrated that six cases of end-stage carcinoma with K-ras mutations in the primary tumor showed the same mutations in the peripheral blood samples, while two cases without K-ras mutation in the primary tumor and 10 healthy volunteers showed no mutation in the peripheral blood samples. The results suggest that this method may be very useful to detect circulating carcinoma cells in the patient whose primary tumor shows K-ras mutations.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

[Studies on the biological effects of disulufiram--effect of an active metabolite of disulfiram on the activity of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase].

The effect of diethyldithiocarbamic acid methyl eater (Me-DDC), a metabolite of disulfiram, on hepatic delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthetase activity was investigated in male rats. The results obtained were as follows: 1) When rats were given intraperitoneally Me-DDC at the dose levels of 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25 and 0.50 mmol/kg, the activity of ALA synthetase showed a maximum level at a dose of 0.125 mmol/kg. 2) ALA synthetase activity increased rapidly and reached a maximum level in about 2 hr after the intraperitoneal administration of Me-DDC (0.125 mmol/kg). 3) Pretreatment with phenobarbital (an inducer of drug metabolizing enzymes) tended to depress the increase of ALA synthetase caused by Me-DDC, whereas pretreatment with SKF 525-A (an inhibitor of drug metabolizing enzymes) stimulated slightly the Me-DDC-induced increased of the enzyme. 4) The apparent Km value of the enzyme for glycine did not change but the Vmax value increased in Me-DDC-treated rats. 5) Actinomycin D (a potent inhibitor of DNA-dependent synthesis of RNA), when administered to rats before Me-DDC, completely prevented the induction of ALA synthetase caused by the latter compound. 6) Pretreatment with phorone (a glutathion depletor) 4 hr prior to the administration of Me-DDC completely inhibited the Me-DDC-induced increase of ALA synthetase.

5-Aminolevulinate Synthetase↗
PubMed1998

[Studies on the obesity of Hawaii- and Amami-born Japanese children].

Carrying out a somatotype comparison of both, by using data of anthropometry of Hawaii-born Japanese Children (Hawaii-Children) and Amami-born Japanese Children (Amami-Children) that were carried out in 1977-78 a study with regard to the determination of obesity was carried out. The result that compared a somatotype was as follows. 1. The height of hawaii-Children was almost higher than that of Amami-Children. 2. A body weight was almost the same. 3. Trunk length of Amami-Children was longer than that of Hawaii-Children. 4. Lower limb length of Hawaii-Children was bigger than that of Amami-Children a little. 5. The letio of Rohrer index of Amami-Children was greater than that of Hawaii-Children. Therefore, it is determined that Amami-Children were obesity even from Hawaii-Children. when obesity index is judged from the ratio of the height to body weight. As for skin-fold thicknesses (amount of subcutaneous fat), Hawaii-Children is showing a high value more always than Amami-Children and Hawaii-Children is obesity obviously. Although the measurement result of Rohrer index and skin-fold thicknesses are contradicting this cause is because it differs with both trunk length and Lower limb length. Considering those result, it became obvious that a obesity index calculated from the height and body weight does not show fat volume inside a body precisely. The measurement of amount of subcutaneous fat needs to be carried out to check real obesity. Also, it is important to carry out the measurement of trunk length and Lower limb length in addition to the height and a body weight at least, to know a obesity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Studies on the development of fetus scapula].

Extract and measure the scapular every part from the fetus that was carried into Saga medical college, the data was processed statistically. Also, the morphological characteristic of scapula of the fetus was clarified by image processing that a computer is used. The result was as follows. A scapular morphological length and also height become big in proportion to the height of fetus. Index of height-length of a fetus was big compared with adult, this trend is remarkable especially in a early stage of development of a fetus. Spinal axis angle of a fetus was also bigger than that of adult and it remarkable differ from an anthropoid very small ane. In general, the scapular shape of a fetus was short length with wide-spreading side and this form resembles to scapula of Jomon period people. The width of cartilage part tend to decrease as ossification progress fast width-wise with growth. However, area of cartilage part tend to become big, because the growth of a cartilage part is going fast lengthwise.

Female↗
PubMed1998

[Changes in the threshold values of lingua throughout aging].

The filter-paper-disk method was employed for measuring the threshold values of four basic taste on lingua-tip with 308 healthy females aged 20-79. Taste substance were sequentially diluted with distilluted water (30 stages from 80.0 g/dl for sucrose, 30 stages from 30.0 g/dl for NaCl, 30 stages from 8.0 g/dl for sodium tartrate, 30 stages from 4.0 g/dl for HCl quinine). The result was as follows. A sensibility of gustation decreased rapidly in accordance with aging. A decrease of bitterness sensibility was most remarkably with aging, succeeded sourness, sweetness, saltyness. Also, a decrease of a gustation sensibility is beginning in early twenties, especially the sensitivity to a sweetness and sour taste decreased conspicuously from twenties to thirties.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Expression spectrum of melanoma antigen-encoding gene family members in colorectal carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: The 12 members of the human melanoma antigen-encoding (MAGE) gene family encode tumor-specific peptide antigens. Some antigens coded by the MAGE genes are potentially useful for cancer-specific immunotherapy. However, little information on the expression of these genes in human colon carcinomas is available. We investigated the expression of 10 of the 12 genes in human colon tissue. DESIGN: Eighty pairs of tumor and normal tissue samples from the human colon were studied by means of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: None of the genes was expressed in the 80 control samples of normal tissue. On the other hand, expression was recognized in tumor samples, ranging from 5% of samples for MAGE-6 to 44% for MAGE-8. Seventy of the 80 tumor samples (88%) expressed at least 1 of the 10 MAGE genes. The frequency of liver metastasis was significantly higher in cases with tumor samples that expressed MAGE-3 than in those that did not express this gene. This tendency was not observed for other members of the MAGE gene family. No significant differences were observed in the other clinicopathologic factors between any MAGE-positive and -negative tumor cases. CONCLUSIONS: The MAGE genes were exclusively expressed in carcinoma tissues and not in normal tissues of the colon. The finding that nearly 90% of tumors expressed at least one MAGE gene indicates the possible clinical use of this gene for both immunotherapy and molecular diagnosis.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1998

Motility related protein 1 (MRP1/CD9) expression in colon cancer.

It is important to detect genes that may be good prognostic markers for colon cancer patients. With this in mind, we identified the motility related protein-1 (MRP1/CD9) gene in human colon tissues. The aim of this study was to clarify the significance of MRP1/CD9 gene expression in human colon cancers. We performed the differential mRNA display technique between tumor/normal paired samples of the colon and identified MRP1/CD9. Eighty-two surgical specimens of primary colorectal cancer were analyzed by means of reverse transcription-PCR for the MRP1/CD9 gene. Its expression status and clinicopathological variables were analyzed univariately and multivariately. The MRP1/ CD9 mRNA expression was positive in 56 cases and negative in 26 cases. The MRP1/CD9 negative cases showed a significantly higher frequency of venous-vessel invasion and liver metastasis, or a worse prognosis than the MRP1/CD9 positive cases (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis with the Cox regression model disclosed that MRP1/CD9 expression was an independent prognostic factor distinct from the lymph node status. The findings imply that the study of MRP1/CD9 expression may be useful for predicting prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

[Studies on the influence of riboflavin intake to osteogenesis in rats].

Influence of an intake of the riboflavin that exerts upon osteogenesis in this research, was examined by a nutritional methods. It search the condition of femur in rats they reared and given three type riboflavin dosage, namely, sufficient riboflavin, few deficient riboflavin and administered sufficient after few deficient riboflavin. As a result, an influence of riboflavin dosage was not recognized about each of the body weight, food intake, and weight and length of femur. In other words, a deficiency symptom was not observed seemingly in the rat that given riboflavin deficiency diet. Also, the calcium contents in the femur decreased significantly by the deficiency of riboflavin. And, the low value was shown the even in the rat that administered sufficient fibroflavin later. Furthermore, even breaking force of the femur decreased by the deficiency of riboflavin.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Longitudinal analysis of adolescent growth of foot length and stature of children living in Ogi area of Japan: a 12 years data.

Adolescent growth of foot length (FL) and stature were investigated in a sample of 586 children living in the Ogi area of Saga Prefecture Japan, who were traced longitudinally from 6.5 to 17.5 years of age. FL growth and its relationship to height were analyzed using the JPA2 model and the Optimal Kernel Method to fit the serial data of stature and FL. The results demonstrated that there was clear peak growth velocity (PGV) during the adolescent growth period of FL for most of the children; before 11.5 years of age there was no essential difference in mean foot length between girls and boys; the completion of FL growth was on average two years earlier than that of stature and two and a half years after the appearance of the peak height velocity (PHV); girls completed the FL growth two years earlier than boys; the longer the growth period for FL or the larger the value of FL at an early age the bigger the adult foot length; the foot grew in synchrony with the body as a whole.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Reduced expression of the CXC chemokine hIRH/SDF-1alpha mRNA in hepatoma and digestive tract cancer.

We isolated human intercrine reduced in hepatomas (hIRH) as a mRNA whose expression was reduced in differential displays from human hepatocellular carcinoma. hIRH is equivalent to the alpha-chemokine SDF-1alpha/PBSF. We have previously demonstrated on Northern blot analysis that although hIRH mRNA expression is common in human normal tissues, it is absent from pre-malignant colonic adenomas and from 27 human malignant cell lines. However, there are no reports on the mRNA status of hIRH in other human cancers. The present study was designed to investigate semi-quantitatively the expression of hIRH/SDF-1alpha mRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma and digestive tract cancers by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression of hIRH/SDF-1alpha in the majority of cancer tissues analyzed was markedly reduced compared with that in adjacent non-cancer tissue. RT-PCR was more sensitive than Northern blots in the detection of hIRH mRNA. The average (mean +/- SE) tumor/normal (T/N) ratio determined by RT-PCR was 0.40 +/- 0.07 in 10 pairs of hepatoma, 0.38 +/- 0.09 in 14 pairs of colon cancers, 0.43 +/- 0.07 in 10 pairs of esophageal cancers and 0.70 +/- 0.09 in 26 pairs of gastric cancers. As a control, the mean G3PDH T/N ratio was 1.16 +/- 0.06. The distribution of T/N ratios was significantly different between gastric cancer and the other cancers, but there was no correlation between hIRH/SDF-1alpha expression and clinicopathological characteristics in gastric cancer. Our findings demonstrate that hIRH/SDF-1alpha expression is reduced in the majority of gastrointestinal tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Induction of antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes with a MAGE-3-encoded synthetic peptide presented by human leukocytes antigen-A24.

For the development of immunotherapy using MAGE peptides, the identification of additional tumor antigens is required. Because HLA-A24 is the most common allele in Japanese and is also frequently present in Caucasians, MAGE-3-encoded synthetic peptides with binding affinity for HLA-A24 were thus tested for the induction of specific CTLs from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HLA-A24 healthy donors using a simplified method. By using a peptide with a sequence of IMPKAGLLI (amino acid position in MAGE-3 195-203), the CTL responses could thus be induced from unseparated PBMCs by stimulation with freshly isolated, peptide-pulsed PBMCs as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and by also using interleukin 7 and keyhole limpet hemocyanin for a primary culture. The induced CTLs could lyse HLA-A24 carcinoma cells expressing MAGE-3, as well as the peptide-pulsed target cells, in an HLA class-I restricted manner. The identification of the MAGE-3/HLA-A24 peptide, IMPKAGLLI, may thus potentially offer the opportunities to design peptide-based immunotherapeutic approaches that might prove to be effective in treating patients with MAGE-3-positive malignant tumors.

Alleles↗
PubMed1997

Analysis of MT1-MMP and MMP2 expression in human gastric cancers.

Membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) is a presumed activator of MMP2, which is one of the major proteinases in tumor cell invasion. In this study, we determined the clinico-pathologic significance of MT1-MMP expression in 68 human gastric carcinomas. The tumor-normal ratio (T/N ratio) of MTI-MMP expression was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. To visualize the localization of MT1-MMP, an immunohistochemical study was performed. In addition, a gelatin zymography was done to examine the activation ratio of MMP2, and a correlation between MT1-MMP expression and activation of MMP2 was studied. The expression of MT1-MMP mRNA was higher in tumor tissue than in corresponding normal tissue in most cases. The mean value of the T/N ratio was 4.8. Twenty cases with T/N > or = 4.8 showed significantly deeper invasion and higher frequency of lymph node metastasis than 48 cases with T/N < 4.8. MT1-MMP expression was an independent factor influencing both tumor invasion of the gastric wall and lymph node metastasis. Although MT1-MMP expression was not an independent prognostic factor, the patients with T/N > or = 4.8 showed a significantly worse prognosis than those with T/N < 4.8. An immunohistochemical study demonstrated that MT1-MMP expression was mainly recognized in the tumor cells. There was a significant correlation between MT1-MMP expression and activation of MMP2. Our findings suggest that: 1) the expression of MT1-MMP may influence prognosis via tumor invasion of the gastric wall and lymph node metastasis, and 2) MT1-MMP activation of MMP2 may be clinically relevant in gastric carcinoma tumors.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

The anti-human tumor effect and generation of human cytotoxic T cells in SCID mice given human peripheral blood lymphocytes by the in vivo transfer of the Interleukin-6 gene using adenovirus vector.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) was found to function as a late-acting killer helper factor in the differentiation of CTLs. In the model of tumor-bearing mice, the systemic administration of recombinant IL-6 was found to mediate the antitumor effect on the immunogenic murine tumors via the in vivo induction of murine CTLs but not on the poorly immunogenic murine tumors in our previous study. However, an in vivo experimental model capable of analyzing the anti-human tumor effect via the in vivo induction of human CTLs has not yet been established. Therefore, in the present study, severe combined immunodeficient mice were given human peripheral blood lymphocytes (SCID-PBL/hu), and thereafter human tumor cells were administered i.p. into these SCID-PBL/hu mice as a model of human patients with cancer. When these SCID-PBL/hu mice bearing allogeneic human CESS B blastoid tumor cells were treated in vivo with recombinant adenovirus vector expressing IL-6 cDNA, both the induction of CD8+ human CTLs against CESS cells in the spleen cells and peritoneal exudate cells and a prolongation in the survival of these mice were observed. Furthermore, SCID-PBL/hu mice were given peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with cancer (gastric or rectal cancers) and autologous human tumor cells. The in vivo administration of recombinant adenovirus vector expressing IL-6 cDNA induced CD8+ human CTLs specific for autologous human tumor cells from human precursor T cells. The in vivo injection of the IL-6 gene also inhibited growth and metastasis in autologous human cancers. Based on the above findings, the experimental model using SCID-PBL/hu mice and the IL-6 gene delivered in vivo by an adenovirus vector might therefore provide a new strategy capable of analyzing an anti-human tumor effect and the in vivo induction of human CTLs by cytokine gene therapy without using the human body.

Adenoviridae↗