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Biomedical subjects

T Akiyoshi

Publications and source records attributed to T Akiyoshi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Serial histologic investigation of squamous epithelial dysplasia associated with carcinoma of the esophagus.

Esophageal dysplasia and carcinoma were reviewed in the surgical specimens obtained from 37 patients with squamous cell carcinoma and 4 with adenocarcinoma; special attention was paid to the continuity of both lesions. Two hundred forty dysplasias and 113 carcinomas in situ (CIS) were recognized in the squamous cell carcinoma cases and 2 dysplasias and no CIS in the adenocarcinoma cases. The CIS often was accompanied continuously by severe dysplasia rather than mild or moderate dysplasia, suggesting some relationship between the CIS and the severity of dysplasia. However, many dysplastic lesions were located separately from the carcinoma. The frequency of appearance of the dysplasia near the CIS was low (11%), demonstrating a negative dysplasia-CIS sequence in many of the esophageal cancers. Lymphocytic infiltration was investigated further beneath the dysplasia or CIS. The degree of lymphocytic infiltration with lymphoid follicles correlated with the severity of dysplasia and was the highest in CIS.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

A trial of adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy with mitomycin C and OK-432 for stage III gastric carcinoma.

We previously found that the ability to generate cytotoxic cells induced by in vitro activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) with OK-432, a bacterial immunopotentiator, was markedly increased following intravenous administration of a single dose of mitomycin C (MMC) in cancer patients. On the basis of this clinical finding, we designed a treatment regimen that consisted of MMC 12 mg/m2 intravenously on day 1 and OK-432 5 Klinische Einheit (KE) intradermally on days 6, 8, and 11, when the generation of OK-432 activated killer cells had been shown to be significantly augmented. Then, it was followed by long-term tegafur. Fifteen patients with stage III gastric carcinoma who had undergone curative resection were treated with the above regimen. The survival of these patients was significantly better than that of 26 comparable stage III patients concurrently treated with MMC 12 mg/m2 alone, followed by long-term tegafur (P less than 0.01). The results indicate that OK-432 combined with MMC may be effective against stage III gastric carcinoma, when these agents are used probably in an appropriate combination.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Immunohistochemical analysis of lymphocyte subsets infiltrating gastric carcinoma after mitomycin C administration.

The intensity of lymphoid cell infiltration and distribution of lymphocyte subsets in tumors were investigated immunohistochemically on tumor tissues obtained from 11 patients with gastric carcinoma, who had been treated with mitomycin C (MMC), 12 mg/m2, i.v. 5 days before operation. The results were compared with those obtained from 24 untreated patients as controls. In the tumor tissues from pretreated patients, the intensity of lymphoid infiltration was not significantly different from that of untreated patients. However, high-grade infiltration of CD4+ cells was observed in 55% of pretreated patients, whereas only 8% of control patients exhibited the high-grade infiltration (P < 0.02). Since the CD8+ cell infiltration was not significantly altered, the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ cells was more frequently estimated to be more than 1 in patients pretreated with MMC, as compared to untreated controls (P < 0.02). Further, CD25+ cells in pretreated tumor tissues were more predominant than those in control tumor tissues (P < 0.05). These results suggest that MMC administration induces these alterations in lymphocyte subsets in tumor tissue in patients with gastric carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Correlation of eosinophilia with clinical response in patients with advanced carcinoma treated with low-dose recombinant interleukin-2 and mitomycin C.

On the basis of our clinical findings that the ability of cancer patients to generate lymphokine-activated killer cells became markedly augmented after mitomycin C administration, we designed a treatment regimen comprising mitomycin C 12 mg/m2, i.v. on day 1 and recombinant interleukin-2 700 U/m2 (8000 IU/kg), i.v. every 12 h from day 4 through day 8. The treatment course was repeated at almost 7-day intervals. Altogether 33 patients with advanced carcinoma, including mainly gastrointestinal carcinoma, were treated with this regimen. Of these, 10 had a partial response (PR) and 4 had a minor response (MR). Since eosinophil counts peaked 1 day after either the first or second course of the therapy, the posttreatment values were compared to each pretreatment level, with regard to the clinical antitumor response to this treatment. When patients who showed PR were defined as responders, absolute eosinophil counts and the percentage of eosinophils in responders after both the first and second courses of the therapy were significantly greater than each pretreatment value or the posttreatment level in nonresponders. Further, these findings were almost identical, when both PR and MR were considered to be a true remission and therefore patients who exhibited PR or MR were defined as responders, although the difference between posttreatment levels of eosinophils in responders and nonresponders was not significant at the second course. These results indicate that eosinophilia induced by this treatment correlates with the clinical response to this therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Enhanced production of interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor by peripheral monocytes after lentinan administration in patients with gastric carcinoma.

The effect of intravenous administration of lentinan, an immunopotentiating polysaccharide, on the production of interleukin 1-alpha (IL 1-alpha), interleukin 1-beta (IL 1-beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) by monocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) was studied in patients with gastric carcinoma. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 10 patients before and 3, 5 and 7 days after a single dose of 2 mg lentinan injection. The ability of monocytes in PBM to produce IL 1-alpha was significantly augmented 3 and 5 days after lentinan administration, as compared with that before treatment. IL 1-beta production was also significantly increased 3, 5 and 7 days after the drug injection. Further, the capacity to produce TNF-alpha was significantly enhanced 3, 5 and 7 days after the drug administration. Thus, it is likely that the augmentation of these cytokine's production may contribute to the antitumor action of lentinan in patients with gastric carcinoma.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Enhanced induction of lymphokine-activated killer activity after lentinan administration in patients with gastric carcinoma.

In 15 patients with gastric carcinoma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) were obtained serially before and 3, 5 and 7 days after lentinan administration. The generation of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity, induced by in vitro activation of PBM with interleukin 2 (IL 2), was significantly augmented 5 days after a single intravenous dose of 2 mg lentinan, when compared with that before lentinan injection. Natural killer (NK) activity of PBM was also significantly enhanced 7 days after the drug injection. However, the distribution of lymphocyte subsets exhibited no significant change following lentinan administration.

Cell Separation↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of cytobrush with Cervex-Brush for endocervical cytologic sampling.

This study was designed to compare the quality of the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear and side effects associated with the Ayres spatula/cytobrush combination and the Cervex-Brush. We evaluated 165 Pap smears, of which 84 (51%) were cytobrush/spatula specimens, and 81 (49%) were from Cervex-Brush specimens. The cytobrush/Ayres spatula combination and the Cervex-Brush alone were equally successful in detecting squamous cells, however, the cytobrush/Ayres spatula combination was significantly better in picking up endocervical cells than the Cervex-Brush (p less than 0.01). There were no significant differences between the two techniques in degree of bleeding and pain in adolescents. The combination of the cytobrush and spatula appears to be superior to the Cervex-Brush alone in producing adequate Pap smears.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Preliminary evidence that incorporation of 5-fluorouracil into RNA correlates with antitumor response.

A comparative study of two different species of a fluorouracil assay was conducted on 11 patients who had carcinoma that was deemed unresectable after the surgical operation. For these patients FU at a dose of 10 mg/kg was intravenously administered before operation, and portions of the tumors were resected within 120-150 min to assay both the (FU)RNA/RNA and FU/protein. After surgery, all patients were given FU alone either intravenously or orally. The FU, which was in an acid-soluble material (FU/protein), was not related to the antitumor effect of FU. However, the FU in RNA [(FU)RNA/RNA)] was found to be related to the antitumor effect of FU. When the concentration of (FU)RNA/RNA was above approximately 200 ng/mg, FU was effectual in unresectable carcinomas. It is probable that the (FU)RNA/RNA may be more suitable than FU/protein for predicting the antitumor effect of FU.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

[Analysis of T-cell receptor delta chain gene in hematological malignancies].

We analyzed the rearrangement of T-cell receptor (TcR) delta chain gene in 196 cases of hematological malignancies. This rearranged band (s) was observed in 15% of the total cases investigated. All T-ALL patients and cell lines, except for P30/Okubo, had a new band (s) or deletion of J delta 1 gene locus, indicating the gamma delta T-cell type or the alpha beta T-cell type. In the other T-cell malignancies, the delta rearranged band (s) was recognized in 5% of T-cell lymphomas, 20% of AILD but not in ATL, Hodgkin's disease, T-CLL. Inappropriate delta rearrangement was frequently recognized in 63% of B-ALL and 50% of CML-BC but none or few (5% less) in B-CLL, B-lymphoma and AML. Southern blotting, using J delta 1 and V delta gene probes or Pst I enzyme digestion, indicated that the inappropriate delta rearranged band in B-ALL and CML-BC is V delta 2D or DD without a J delta locus. The rearranged band (s) involved J delta locus, was mostly recognized in 5/6 cases of CD7 (+) stem cell leukemia. Therefore, the TcR delta gene is useful in evaluating clonality for the most immature T-cell neoplasms, not showing rearrangement of the other TcR genes. Moreover, this delta gene may be a useful tool for distinguishing T-lineage from the other lineages, using the characteristic rearrangement pattern (V delta 2D as a inappropriate pattern, or (D) DJ and V (D) DJ as the T-lineage pattern (s)).

Chromosome Deletion↗
PubMed1992

[A case report of an acute promyelocytic leukemia patient showing remarkable thrombopoiesis prior to granulopoiesis by hM-CSF treatment after chemotherapy].

We report a case of an acute promyelocytic leukemia patient who showed remarkable thrombopoiesis prior to granulopoiesis by human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hM-CSF) treatment after chemotherapy. A 50 year-old man was diagnosed as acute promyelocytic leukemia (FAB classification: M3) with t(15;17). He received two courses of induction therapy with daunorubicin and cytarabine followed by consolidation therapy with cytarabine and mitoxantrone. After each course of chemotherapy. hM-CSF (8 x 10(6) units, daily) was given for 14 days. After each treatment with hM-CSF, the increase in number of platelets preceded increase of granulocytes and reticulocytes. When serum levels of granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), granulocyte-colony simulating factor (G-CSF), interleukins-3 (IL-3) and -6 (IL-6) were measured, only that of G-CSF was increased after hM-CSF treatment.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1991

Epidermal ridge formation in the human fetus: a correlation to the appearance of basal cell heterogeneity and the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor and cytokeratin polypeptides in the epidermis.

This paper aims to clarify an expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and cytokeratin 10 and/or 11 in relation to primary and secondary epidermal ridge formation of the human fetus. Firstly, scanning electron microscopy revealed heterogeneity in basal cell morphology during epidermal ridge formation. Basal cells had a uniform, smooth, and polygonal dermal surface until formation of the primary epidermal ridges. Thereafter, the dermal surface became ruffled and elliptic except at the primary epidermal ridges. Secondly, EGFR was detected by monoclonal antibody and autoradiography using 125I-EGF. The antibody reacted with primary epidermal ridge, stratum basale, stratum intermedium, and outer layer of sweat duct. The reactivity became stronger at the primary epidermal ridge than at the secondary one. The binding of 125I-EGF was concentrated in the primary epidermal ridge and sweat duct. Thirdly, cytokeratin 10 and/or 11, a maturation marker of keratinocytes, was detected by monoclonal antibody. The antibody reacted only with the stratum intermedium before secondary epidermal ridge formation. Afterward, it also reacted with the stratum basale of the secondary epidermal ridge but never reacted with that of primary epidermal ridge. The results indicate that basal cells of the secondary epidermal ridge enter the maturation process and suggest a localization of epidermal stem cells on the primary epidermal ridges. Concerning epidermal ridge formation, we suppose that the formation of the primary epidermal ridge causes the segregation of the epidermal stem cells, and that the increased density of the basal cells between the two primary epidermal ridges brings about the change in their dermal surface shape and the formation of the secondary epidermal ridge.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1991

Differential effects of ursodeoxycholic acid and ursocholic acid on the formation of biliary cholesterol crystals in mice.

The preventive effect of 3 alpha, 7 beta, 12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholanoic acid (ursocholic acid) and ursodeoxycholic acid on the formation of biliary cholesterol crystals was studied in mice. Cholesterol crystals developed with 80% incidence after feeding for five weeks a lithogenic diet containing 0.5% cholesterol and 0.25% sodium cholate. When 0.25% ursocholic acid or ursodeoxycholic acid was added to the lithogenic diet, the incidence as well as the grade (severity) of the gallstones were reduced. Plasma and liver cholesterol levels were decreased by ursodeoxycholic acid but not by ursocholic acid. Gallbladder cholesterol and phospholipid levels were decreased by both bile acids. The biliary bile acid level was decreased by ursocholic acid but not by ursodeoxycholic acid. After feeding ursocholic acid, its level in the bile was about 25% and the levels of cholic acid and beta-muricholic acid decreased. Fecal sterol excretion was not changed by ursocholic acid, but was increased by ursodeoxycholic acid. After feeding ursocholic acid, fecal excretion of deoxycholic acid, cholic acid, and ursocholic acid increased. No differences were found between mice, with or without gallstones, in plasma and liver cholesterol levels, biliary phospholipid and bile acid levels, fecal sterol and bile acid levels, and biliary and fecal bile acid composition. The results suggest that the lower incidence of crystal formation after treatment with ursocholic acid is probably by a different mechanism than with ursodeoxycholic acid. In the mouse model, ursodeoxycholic acid exerts its effect at least partially, by decreasing cholesterol absorption. Ursocholic acid is well absorbed and excreted into bile and transformed into deoxycholic acid by the intestinal microflora in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Inhibitory effects of prostaglandin F2 alpha on mammary carcinogenesis induced by ethyl methanesulphonate in rats.

The effect of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) on mammary carcinogens was examined for a new system in female rats, using ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS). The rats were given EMS orally for a period of 12 weeks starting at age 4 weeks. Mammary carcinomas were first detected at the 16th week and were found in all surviving rats at the 32nd week. The concomitant administration of PGF2 alpha for 8 weeks made the development of tumor retarded; i.e., the carcinomas were first detected at the 30th week and final tumor incidence at the 44th week was 61.1%. The incidence of developing mammary carcinomas and multiplicity (number of mammary carcinomas per rat) were significantly lower in PGF2 alpha treated rats than in those given EMS alone. The inhibitory effect of PGF2 alpha on tumor development was apparent when PGF2 alpha was concomitantly given to the rats with EMS at age 4 weeks, while PGF2 alpha injections after oral administration of EMS at age 16 weeks did not significantly retard tumor development. Histologically, no significant difference in morphology was observed between PGF2 alpha-treated and PGF2 alpha-non-treated rats in either the cancerous or noncancerous mammary tissues. The finding demonstrates that PGF2 alpha inhibits the development of EMS-induced mammary carcinomas when given to younger rats, presumably by affecting the hormonal status rather than by direct action on the mammary glands.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Extraskeletal osteosarcoma in the axilla associated with breast carcinoma.

A case of extraskeletal osteosarcoma arising in the axilla in a 77-year-old woman is described. Because of its association with an ipsilateral breast carcinoma, the axillary mass was at first assumed to be a lymph node with metastatic breast carcinoma. The occurrence of extraskeletal osteosarcoma in the axillary is rare and association with breast carcinoma has never, to our knowledge, been described.

Aged↗