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Biomedical subjects

T Akamatsu

Publications and source records attributed to T Akamatsu.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

A case of multiple cavernous hemangioma of the small intestine and clinical review of the Japanese literature.

We report a case of multiple cavernous hemangioma of the small intestine which was diagnosed definitively before operation. A 33-yr-old male was found to have multiple polypoid lesions in the small intestine during examination for recurrent iron deficiency anemia. Plain X-ray film of the abdomen revealed multiple calcifications in the middle to lower region, suggestive of cavernous hemangioma, which was further confirmed by angiography and scintigraphy with Tc 99m-labeled red blood cells. Endoscopy during surgery was used to determine the extent of surgical resection. Seventy-three cases of hemangioma of the small intestine were reported in Japan between 1953 and 1988 and their clinical features were reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Nucleotide sequences of the Bacillus subtilis flaD locus and a B. licheniformis homologue affecting the autolysin level and flagellation.

A DNA fragment containing the flaD locus of Bacillus subtilis, which had been cloned into plasmid pAC3, was subcloned into an M13 phage and sequenced. The sequence contained five open reading frames (ORFs), of which ORF2 was the flaD gene. Unexpectedly, the sequence of the flaD locus was identical to that of sin [sporulation inhibition gene; Gaur, N. K., Dubnau, E. & Smith, I. (1986). Journal of Bacteriology 168, 860-869]. A B. licheniformis homologue (flaL) of the B. subtilis flaD locus was cloned into pUC19 and identified by colony hybridization. The B. licheniformis DNA was subcloned and sequenced. Two ORFs (ORF1, or L-ORF1; and ORF2, or flaL) were detected, encoding 58 and 111 amino acid residues, respectively. These are almost identical in length to ORF1 (D-ORF1; 57 amino acids) and flaD (111 amino acids) on the fragment of B. subtilis DNA. The overall interspecies differences between the nucleotide sequences of D-ORF1 and L-ORF1, and those of flaD and flaL, were 42% and 11%, respectively, and the differences in the predicted amino acid sequences were 50% and 7%, respectively. The regions 3' of the ORFs (flaL and flaD) in both species resemble rho-independent terminators of transcription. The characteristics of the amino acid sequences are also discussed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

[Efficacy of acellular pertussis vaccine].

An outbreak of pertussis occurred in one room of a residential facility where 19 children aged 5 to 36 months were residing. They were prospectively surveyed to estimate the efficacy of acellular pertussis vaccine. Among the 19 residents, 9 were immunized with acellular pertussis vaccine. Among the 19 residents, 9 were immunized with acellular DTP vaccine and 10 were unimmunized. The spread of pertussis was surveyed bacteriologically and serologically for 2 months. Among the 9 immunized, 7 children acquired the laboratory-confirmed pertussis and 1 of the 7 developed the typical symptoms (whooping or paroxysmal coughing attack lasting for 14 days or more). Among the 10 unimmunized, 7 children acquired the laboratory-confirmed pertussis and 6 of the 7 developed the typical symptoms. There was no difference in the rate of secondary infection (7/9:7/10), but there was a significant difference in the rate of development of the typical symptoms (1/7:6/7 p less than 0.05). The point estimate of protective efficacy of the acellular DTP vaccine against typical pertussis was (6/10 - 1/9)/(6/10) x 100 = 81%. It was concluded from these findings that acellular DTP vaccine could not prevent the infection of Bordetella pertussis, but could prevent the development of the typical symptoms.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1990

[Trichloroethylene concentration in the work environment in relation to the development of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis].

Four cases of primary pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI) were studied in relation to occupational trichloroethylene (TRI) exposure. Three of the patients were exposed to TRI in the process of washing or polishing of camera lenses. The maximum concentration of TRI in the work environment of two PCI patients often exceeded 50 ppm, though the geometric mean concentrations were below this value. Monitoring of TRI exposure by measuring urinary TRI metabolites suggested that the third patient had been working in the environment with an 8-h time weighted average TRI concentration exceeding 50 ppm. Scrutiny of 19 PCI cases thus far collected by us revealed that i) three groups of patients (7 in total) were working in the same factories, ii) most of the PCI patients were workers in small-scale factories having poor working conditions, and iii) occupational TRI exposure is probably responsible for the development of primary PCI.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The role of preventive medicine in developing countries.

In trying to demonstrate the importance of preventive medicine in health care promotion, previous studies involving prevention and control of diseases have been discussed. Preventive medicine is also urged as the best method to help promoting health especially in the developing countries. Developed countries are urged to support developing countries, materially and financially in promoting their health. In terms of cost analysis prevention is an investment in health that produce a reduced probability of mortality and/or morbidity, therefore, we, investors in the developing countries, have to sacrifice something today in order to gain a benefit at a later point in time.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMed1990

Present health situation in Tanzania.

This article discusses the present health situation in Tanzania, however, health system before independence, the colonial health system, has been the foundation on which the present health services in Tanzania are built upon. The population growth in Tanzania is high (3.2% in 1986), and projected to be 3.7% by the year 2,000. This high growth explains why it is difficult to achieve health objectives on the long term basis. Compounded to this is the economical crisis in the country. Child population in Tanzania account for about 47% of the total population in 1986. Maternal and Child Health Care services (MCHC) are discussed, with much emphasis on the child health care problems, and different programmes involved in improving child health care in the country. Problems of poor environmental sanitation are discussed including possible solutions for Tanzania. Tanzania, in this article, is urged to strengthen the existing health services in terms of staff, drugs, other supplies and equipment in order to give adequate health care to its people. Tanzania should also balance the distribution of resources between urban and rural so as to comply with the objective of the national health policy of comprehensive basic health services equitably to all within the limited available resources and to be able to reach the ultimate goal of health for all the people in the country by the year 2,000.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Availability of immunostaining methods for identification of mixed-up tissue specimens.

The immunostaining method of ABO blood determinants in tissue sections is useful when surgical tissue specimens, submitted for diagnosis, are improperly identified. This article reports two cases in which the surgical specimens became mixed-up and the ABO immunostaining method was used to identify the patients' tissues correctly and prevent unnecessary surgery.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of Ca level on 65Zn absorption at the ligated duodenal loop of rat].

Effect of calcium concentration on Zn absorption was studied in rats. Administration of Zn solution with calcium through gastric tracts depressed markedly the levels of Zn in serum taken from portal vein. Dependency on calcium concentrations of the absorption and distribution of Ca in the body was determined using in situ administration of Zn into ligated duodenal loop of rats. Administration of Zn with high calcium solution decreased significantly the levels of Zn in serum and all the tissues compared with the administration with low and medium calcium solutions. A considerable disease in the level of Zn was observed in the liver and kidney compared with the rats administered with medium and low calcium solutions.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Health policy and implementations in Tanzania.

This paper describes the current health policy in Tanzania and its implementations. The present health policy in Tanzania originated from Arusha declaration of 1967, the country's most popular national policy after independence. Arusha declaration proclaims socialism and self-reliance, which has had important impact on the form and content of the present country's health policy in mainland Tanzania. Much of the wide-spread health care services infrastructure that is evident now in rural areas of Tanzania mainland is a result of the re-emphasis of the Arusha declaration in 1971. In Tanzania, the Ministry of Health has the responsibility for elaborating the health policy, ensuring that strategies and appropriate program are developed to give effect to the policy. In the present health policy discussed, the goal is seen to have shifted from having one dispensary in each village to one primary health unit in each village. One dispensary is intended to serve several villages together. In Tanzania, according to the present health policy, the village primary health care are mainly preventive oriented and only being managed by short term trained health staff. The candidate for training in each village is selected, among the village residents, by the villagers themselves. The primary health care system adopted by Tanzania is viewed as the only way through which it can achieve the social goal of health for everyone by the year 2000, provided the present political will which is evident continue, and enough availability of, human, financial and material resources.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1988

Molecular cloning of a gene affecting the autolysin level and flagellation in Bacillus subtilis.

A 2.8 kb PstI fragment of Bacillus subtilis 168W DNA has been cloned into Escherichia coli HB101 and B. subtilis AG5 using pAC3 as a shuttle plasmid. The new plasmid (pBRG1), of 10.2 kb, complemented flaD mutations which show reduced production of autolysin(s), filamentation and non-motility (deficiency of flagella). Deletion experiments showed that the suppressive gene is located between the HindIII and XbaI sites (1.0 kb apart) in pBRG1. The integration of a plasmid having chloramphenicol resistance closely linked to the flaD gene into the B. subtilis AC703 chromosome and its genetic analysis indicated that the cloned fragment contained the flaD gene itself. A high-copy-number plasmid carrying the cloned gene did not lead to an increase in autolysin production above the wild-type level, but it changed the colony morphology from smooth to rough. Among several autolysin-deficient mutations, lyt-151 was suppressed only by the high-copy-number plasmid carrying the cloned gene.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1987

Genetic mapping by means of protoplast fusion in Bacillus subtilis.

A new mapping method involving protoplast fusion in Bacillus subtilis is described. Protoplasts from an isogenic standard marker strain containing purA and from a strain containing both purB and the marker, "x", to be mapped were fused with polyethylene glycol, and purA+ purB+ fusants were selected. After isolation of single colonies and determination of unselected markers, marker x was mapped between two standard markers. This method was fully applicable to PBS1-resistant strains (e.g., lyt strains). The results obtained by protoplast fusion, conventional transformation and/or lysed protoplast transformation indicated that a lyt strain, Ni15, contained two new autolysin-minus mutations (lyt-151 and lyt-152). The properties of lyt-15 are also discussed.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1987

Characterization of chromosome and plasmid transformation in Bacillus subtilis using gently lysed protoplasts.

Competent cells of Bacillus subtilis were transformed with DNA from gently lysed protoplasts. Significant linkages among markers separated by distances of approximately 2.3% of the total chromosome were found, which have not been detected for conventional transformation. In comparison to previous reports, enhanced plasmid transformation was observed [4.0 X 10(7) transformants per microgram DNA (one transformant per 5 X 10(4) molecules added)], when competent cells were transformed with DNA from lysed protoplasts harboring pUB110.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1987

A combined stain for identifying epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa.

New techniques are proposed for differentiating each type of gastric epithelial cell in the same tissue section. The techniques combine the following stains: paradoxical concanavalin A staining (PCS) to identify mucous neck cells, periodic acid Schiff-concanavalin A staining to distinguish mucous neck cells from surface mucous cells, and a modified Bowie's stain to demonstrate zymogen granules of chief cells. Feulgen hydrolysis preceding the Bowie stain was found to remove most of the nonspecific coloration encountered with the original Bowie method. The results obtained by the new sequences were as follows: Feulgen hydrolysis-PCS-Bowie staining: mucous neck cells stained brown and chief cell zymogen granules deep blue. The other mucin-secreting cells remained unstained; Feulgen hydrolysis-PAS-concanavalin A-Bowie staining: mucous neck cells stained brown, zymogen granules stained deep blue to purplish blue and surface mucous cells stained purplish red.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Immunohistochemical localization of plasma retinol-binding protein and prealbumin in human pancreatic islets.

This study was undertaken, employing the immunoenzyme method, to confirm the presence of retinol-binding protein in human pancreatic islets, and to compare its distribution with that of prealbumin, insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide. It was found that most islet cells contained retinol-binding protein, although centrally located cells showed stronger reactivity than those in the peripheral region. The distribution of each of the five polypeptides differed from that of retinol-binding protein, indicating that these peptides did not cross-react with anti-retinol-binding protein antibody. Islet cells which contained prealbumin, on the other hand, were mostly classified as A cells. Further studies are necessary to confirm whether the islet cells produce retinol-binding protein or only store it.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Mucosubstance histochemistry of the normal mucosa and epithelial neoplasms of the lung.

Histochemical properties of mucosubstances in normal lung tissue and carcinoma of 30 operated cases were investigated using various histochemical methods. Epithelial cells lining the respiratory tract were characterized by their specific mucosubstances. Namely, the ciliated cells had a thick surface coat consisting of sulfomucins. Basal cells showed intense reactivity to Ulex europeus agglutinin-I (UEA-I) and Arachis hypogaea agglutinin (PNA). The goblet cells differed from the glandular mucous cells in their PNA and UEA-I reactivities. The Clara cells and type II pneumocytes resembled each other in having a surface coat consisting of PNA- and Maclura pomifera agglutinin (MPA)-reactive sialomucins. Carcinoma cells also had mucosubstances varying with cases and with cells of the same case, but surface coat-type mucin of Clara cell-type adenocarcinoma resembled that of the Clara cell and type II pneumocyte. Squamous cell carcinoma had only a small amount of mucosubstance which was histochemically similar to that of the basal cell.

Adenocarcinoma↗