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Biomedical subjects

T A Sanders

Publications and source records attributed to T A Sanders.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Growth and development of British vegan children.

The growth and development of children born of vegan mothers and reared on a vegan diet has been studied longitudinally: All of the children were breast-fed for the first 6 mo of life and in most cases well into the second year of life. The majority of children grew and developed normally but they did tend to be smaller in stature and lighter in weight than standards for the general population. Energy, calcium, and vitamin D intakes were usually below the recommended amounts. Their diets, however, were generally adequate but a few children had low intakes of riboflavin and vitamin B-12. Most parents were aware of the need to supplement the diet with vitamin B-12. It is concluded that provided sufficient care is taken, a vegan diet can support normal growth and development.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of the metabolism of linoleic and linolenic acids in the fetal rat.

The metabolism by the fetal rat of [1-14C] linoleic acid (18:2 n-6) was compared with that of [1-14C] alpha-linolenic acid (18:3 n-3) studied in vivo and in vitro. Both linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid were rapidly converted to long-chain derivatives in fetal brain but rates of delta 6 desaturation were higher for alpha-linolenic than for linoleic acid. In the liver alpha-linolenic, but not linoleic acid, was rapidly converted to long-chain derivatives in vivo. Measurements of delta 6 and delta 5 desaturation by fetal liver in vitro showed significant desaturase activity but this was lower than in the brain. It is suggested that the observed difference in the hepatic metabolism of linoleic compared with that of alpha-linolenic acid reflects their differing affinities for alternative metabolic pathways.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Blood pressure, plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentrations in vegans and omnivore controls.

Blood pressure, plasma renin activity and the concentrations of aldosterone and cholesterol in plasma and sodium and potassium in urine (48-h collections) and nutrient intakes were determined in 22 vegans (11 male and 11 female) and omnivore controls matched for age, sex and body build. The vegan diets contained less protein, sodium, calcium and sulphur but more carbohydrate, potassium and fibre than the diets of their controls. The mean urinary potassium sodium ratio was 1.13 in the vegans compared with 0.64 in the omnivores. Plasma renin and cholesterol concentrations were lower in the male but not female vegans compared with their respective controls. Blood pressures of the vegan subjects were inside the normal range but they tended to have higher mean diastolic blood pressures than their controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effects of a fish oil supplement on platelet function, haemostatic variables and albuminuria in insulin-dependent diabetics.

A randomised trial of the effects of 15 gm per day of a fish oil supplement (MaxEPA) on blood lipids, haemostatic variables (including platelet function) and albuminuria was undertaken in 41 insulin dependent diabetics. Compared with the control group there was a significant reduction in thromboxane production by platelets stimulated by collagen in vitro in the group who took the fish oil supplement. The extent of platelet aggregation was not altered but the lag phase before aggregation was prolonged. There were also statistically significant increases in plasma LDL cholesterol, fibrinogen and clotting factor X in the group who took the fish oil supplement. No other significant differences were noted.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

Paradoxical elevation of LDL apoprotein B levels in hypertriglyceridaemic patients and normal subjects ingesting fish oil.

Twenty-three hypertriglyceridaemic patients treated with 15 g/day of a fish oil concentrate (Maxepa) showed the expected reduction in serum triglyceride concentration but levels of LDL apoprotein B (apoB), measured by radial immunodiffusion, increased significantly. Increases in LDL apoB did not correlate with lipoprotein phenotype or changes in serum triglyceride. Studies in eight normal volunteers demonstrated that the effect of fish oil on LDL apoB was not restricted to hypertriglyceridaemic subjects. In view of the evidence that LDL apoB may be a risk factor for coronary heart disease these findings raise questions regarding the use of fish oil in the treatment of hypertriglyceridaemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Taurine concentrations in the diet, plasma, urine and breast milk of vegans compared with omnivores.

1. The concentration of taurine in the diets, plasma, urine and breast milk were measured in vegans and age- and sex-matched omnivore controls. Plasma and urinary amino acid concentrations were also determined. 2. Taurine was absent from the vegan diet and occurred in variable amounts in the diets of the omnivores. Urinary taurine levels were less than half those of the omnivores but plasma and breast-milk levels were only slightly lower. 3. Dietary energy intakes were similar in the vegans and omnivores, but protein intakes tended to be lower in the vegans.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Influence of different supplements of N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on blood and tissue lipids in rats receiving high intakes of linoleic acid.

The influence of a supplement of linseed oil (LO), rich in linoleic acid (C18:3,n-3), was compared with one of fish oil (MaxEPA) rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5,n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6,n-3) on blood and tissue lipids in weanling rats receiving a high intake of linoleic acid. Both the LO and the MaxEPA supplement decreased plasma cholesterol concentrations. The MaxEPA supplement but not the linseed oil supplement also decreased the concentrations of plasma triglycerides and HDL cholesterol. The proportion of C20:5,n-3 was markedly increased in the platelet and erythrocyte lipids by the MaxEPA supplement but not in tissue lipids. However, the increase in the proportion of C20:5,n-3 in the platelet was small compared with other studies. Both supplements led to an increase in the proportion of C22:6,n-3 in blood and tissue lipids but the MaxEPA supplement was more potent than the LO supplement. The most marked change was observed in the heart lipids. These changes were accompanied by reciprocal changes in the proportions of arachidonic, adrenic and docosapentaenoic acid.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1984

The influence of a maternal diet rich in linoleic acid on brain and retinal docosahexaenoic acid in the rat.

Female rats were given throughout pregnancy and lactation a semi-synthetic diet, in which the fat was provided entirely by a soft margarine rich in linoleic acid (18:2 omega 6) or by mixture of butter and lard, and the influence on the fatty acid composition of fetal and pup brain and retinal phosphoglycerides was studied. The percentage of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 omega 3) was much lower but that of docosapentaenoic acid (22:5 omega 6) was correspondingly higher in the brains of the day-22 fetuses and the 21-d-old pups from the margarine group compared with those from the group given the animal fats. Similar changes were noted in the synaptosomal and retinal phosphoglycerides, being most marked in the ethanolamine phosphoglycerides. The remaining pups from two groups were weaned on day 21 post partum on to the same stock diet that contained preformed 22:6 omega 3. After 9 weeks of this diet, the differences between the two groups in the fatty acid composition of the brain phosphoglycerides were barely discernible. The percentage of 22:5 omega 6 had decreased and had been replaced by 22:6 omega 3. It is concluded that the consequences of consuming a diet rich in linoleic acid and almost devoid of 22:6 omega 3 on brain fatty acid composition deserve consideration in man.

Animals↗