Biomedical subjects

S Zhang

Publications and source records attributed to S Zhang.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources

PubMed1999

Prevention of intrauterine infection by hepatitis B virus with hepatitis B immune globulin: efficacy and mechanism.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) in preventing intrauterine infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and to investigate its mechanism. METHODS: Forty-eight pregnant women positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were randomly divided into 2 groups. The 34 women in the study group were injected with HBIG during pregnancy; the other 14 women were controls. Maternal blood samples were taken before HBIG injection and at delivery. Neonatal blood samples were taken within 24 hours after birth before HBIG and hepatitis B vaccine were given. HBsAg and antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) were tested by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: None of the 35 newborns (including 2 twins) in the study group was positive for HBsAg, but 3 (21%) in the control group were positive (P = 0.02). The HBsAg titers in the women in the study group decreased after HBIG injection. Of the 35 newborns in the study group, 32 (91%) were positive for anti-HBs. CONCLUSION: Systematic injections of HBIG during pregnancy may prevent intrauterine HBV infection, the mechanism of which may be reduction of maternal HBV virernia and production of fetal passive immunity.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

[Protective effect of exogenous pulmonary surfactant on pulmonary function during cardiopulmonary bypass in children].

OBJECTIVE: To study the protective effect of exogenous pulmonary surfactant (PS) on respiratory insufficiency after cardiopulmonary bypass in children. METHODS: 24 children of VSD associated with pulmonary hypertension undergoing heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) were randomly divided into two groups: control group and PS group. In the PS group, exogenous natural porcine PS 150 mg/kg was dropped into the intracheal tube before opening the chest and removing the aortic clamp. Equal amount of normal saline was given in the control group. Lung dynamic compliance and oxygenate index were measured before and after operation. The plasma molondialdehyde(MDA) concentration of the lung was analysed perioperatively with ELISA methods. The intubation time of the two groups and ultrastructure of the lung also was measured. RESULTS: The dynamic compliance of the PS group was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05), and the oxygenate index was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.01) after CPB. Compared to the control group, the exogenous PS was able to markedly reduce the generation of MDA(P < 0.01). The intubation time of the PS group was 8.9 hours, much shorter than 13.8 hours of the control group(P < 0.001). The histological examination confirmed that the degree of pulmonary damage was significantly ameliorated in the PS group. CONCLUSION: Exogenous natural PS has protective effect on respiratory insufficiency after CPB in children with VSD associated with pulmonary hypertension.

Cardiopulmonary Bypass↗

PubMed1999

Altered expression of bcl-2 mRNA and Bax in hippocampus with focal cerebral ischemia model in rats.

OBJECTIVE: Ischemia and reperfusion insults may induce anti-injury response in the sick brain cells, in which regulative genes involved in programmed cell death (PCD) may be activated at the same time. It is attempted to obtain more solid evidence to support the above hypothesis even though the mechanism and pathway of PCD in brain cells after cerebral ischemia has not been identified yet. METHODS: Focal ischemic model in rats and dot plot hybridization were used to make an observation on the level of bcl-2 mRNA and Bax mRNA expression in the hippocampus cells after a focal ischemic injury, compared to the controls in a pseudo-operation. RESULTS: Bcl-2 mRNA was remarkably overexpressed in hippocampus area on the ischemic side after 2 hours' ischemia and then 24 hours' reperfusion, but the expression of Bax mRNA was increased without statistically significance. The findings suggested that there was an obvious increase of the expression of the bcl-2 mRNA in the vulnerable area of the brain after a focal ischemia. CONCLUSION: Bcl-2 may promote the survival of neuron but Bax may induce apoptosis of the cells in hippocampus area of this model. It is also suggested the biologic therapeutic studies, e.g., up-regulation of the expression of the bcl-2 mRNA or down-regulation of expression of the Bax mRNA should be further performed, which may induce the tolerance of the brain cells to the ischemic insult.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

[Health education Chinese school in late 19th century and early 20th century].

At the early stage of modern Chinese new - style schools, there appeared the embryonic form of health school. In the 1920s, the term health education had already been commonly applied, and health education in the school was developed gradually in large and medium - sized cities, with the establishment of health educational institutions successively. In 1931, a professional school for training teachers of health education was established in Central University, and the 20s and 30s saw the inspiring developing stage of health education in Chinese schools.

China↗

PubMed1999

[Effects of chloroquine on insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism of chloroquine improving insulin sensitivity. METHODS: The changes in insulin sensitivity and the effects of chloroquine were observed in insulin-resistant (IR) rats induced by high-fat feeding. RESULTS: In IR rats, the glucose infusion rate (GIR) determined by euglycemic clamp and 2-deoxyglucose (DG) uptake in the skeletal muscle were lower than those in normal rats, but the activity of insulin degradation of liver (LIA), fasting plasma insulin (FINS) and plasma lipids were higher. In the high-fat fed rats with chloroquine administration, GIR and 2-DG uptake in the skeletal muscle were increased, and LIA, FINS and some plasma lipid indices were decreased compared with the IR rats. CONCLUSION: Chloroquine can improve the insulin sensitivity and hamper the onset and development of insulin resistance.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Significance of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in patients with pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the significance of serum antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) and the effects of immune suppressive treatments on its activity in patients with pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis (PICGN). METHODS: Serum ANCAs and myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA were detected by indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods respectively, and the renal tissues infiltrating cells including CD4+, CD8+, CD68+ and PCNA+ cells were determined by four-layer peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method. The clinical manifestations, pathologic features and immune pathologic changes in patients with positive ANCAs were compared with that in patients with negative ANCAs. The effects of immune suppressive therapy on clinic and pathologic changes as well as ANCAs activity were also investigated in ANCAs positive and ANCAs negative patients. RESULTS: Both of clinic active manifestations such as the degree of hematuria, rapidly progressive renal failure and pathologic active features including segmental capillary necrosis and vasculitis were much common in patients with positive ANCAs as compared with that in patients with negative ANCAs. The number of infiltrating cells in renal tissue, especially CD4+ cells, was markedly higher in ANCAs positive patients than that in ANCAs negative patients. The effects of immune suppressive therapy were also much better in patients with positive ANCAs than that in patients with negative ANCAs. CONCLUSION: Serum ANCAs is not only a marker for diagnosis of systemic vasculitis, but also a sensitive predictor for evaluation of diseases' activity and treatment in patients with PICGN. The good effect of immune suppressive treatments on patients with PICGN is partially associated with the degree of ANCAs activity.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

[Effect of noise on human mental performance].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of moderate noise on human thinking performance. METHODS: During 2 h of exposure to 85, 90 dB(A), successive calculation, successive subtraction and determining figures according symbol were performed in 24 healthy young male subjects. RESULTS: After l h exposure to noise of 85 dB(A), there were no significant changes in the accurate rate, correct number and total number of successive calculation, but the correct number and total number of successive subtraction decreased significantly as compared with control (P< 0.05). At 30 and 120 min exposure to noise of 90 dB(A), the mean reaction time prolonged, performance of reaction time decrease significantly (P<0.01) in the test of determining figures according symbol as compared with control; its total performance had a tendency of decrease, but was not significant. When the subjects were divided into two group according to their E score of EPQ, significantly different performance of accurate rate and different total performance were demonstrated in the test of determining figures according to symbol at 2 h of exposure under 90 dB(A) noise. The performance of extrovert was higher than that of introvert. CONCLUSION: Moderate noise could affect performance of complex tasks with a higher workload and it had certain relationship with the personality of the subjects.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

[The diagnostic values of CA242 combining other tumor markers for lung cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnostic values of CA242, TPA, NSE and CEA tumor markers for lung cancer. METHODS: Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The serum levels of four markers in lung cancer, TB patients and normal subjects (NOR) were measured. RESULTS: Serum concentrations of CA242, TPA, NSE and CEA were significantly higher in patients with lung cancer than patients with TB and NOR (P < 0.01). The sensitivities of CA242 were 65% for adenocarcinoma (AC), 41% for squamous cancer (Sq) and 32% for SCLC, respectively; the specificity was 93%. The sensitivities of NSE were 33%(AC), 41%(Sq) and 71%(SCLC), respectively; the specificity was 97%. The sensitivities of TPA were 65%(AC), 69%(Sq) and 61%(SCLC), respectively; the specificity was 93%. The sensitivities of CEA were 72%(AC), 54%(Sq) and 55%(SCLC), respectively; the specificity was 93%. Using two tumor markers the positive rates were 79% (AC), 54%(Sq) and 63%(SCLC), respectively; the false positive rates in TB and NOR were 7% and 0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Assessing several markers can help differentiating various histological type of lung cancer and can increase significantly the sensitivity and specificity. It is clinically more useful than single marker evaluation. CA242 can be used in diagnosis of lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1999

[Clinical analysis of combination therapy for 252 patients of lung cancer with brain metastasis].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of combination therapy and prognostic factors for lung cancer patients with brain metastasis. METHODS: The survival time and survival rates with various therapeutic methods were analyzed retrospectively in 252 patients with brain metastasis. RESULTS: The median survival time and 1, 2 year survival rates in surgery and X-knife plus radio-chemotherapy group and combination therapy of radiotherapy with chemotherapy were significantly longer than radio-chemotherapy alone group (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05); the pathological type of lung cancer did not affect the survival time and survival rate (P > 0.05); the survival time and survival rate of single brain metastasis (median survival time was 8.5 months 1, 2 year survival rates were 35% and 11% respectively) and non-extrabrain metastasis (8.5 months, 29%, 8%) were much longer than multiple brain metastasis and extrabrain metastasis (P < 0.01); the 1 year survival rate of older patients(> or = 50 years, 29%) were significantly higher than younger ones (< 50 years, 15%) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Combination therapy of surgery and X-knife plus radio-chemotherapy are better than radio-chemotherapy alone for brain metastasis of lung cancer, severity of metastasis and patients' age are the prognostic factors.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1999

[Antitumor effect of peri-cryosurgical immunotherapy].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the anti-tumor effect of combined cryosurgery and immunotherapy in mice. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice bearing B16 melanoma were randomly divided into 3 groups: (1) peri-cryosurgical immunotherapy group, (2) cryosurgery group, (3) immunotherapy group and (4) saline group. RESULTS: The tumor size on day 35 was 0.4 cm3 in group 1, 1.1 in group 2, 1.9 in group 3, and 3.9 in group 4 of mice. The survival period was 71, 62, 53 and 46 days, respectively. None in group 3 and 4 was cured, while 14% of mice in group 2 and 50% in group 1 were tumor tree. In tumor-free mice, no tumor cell in the primary tumor sites was found by light and electron microscopy 3 months later. CONCLUSION: The combined use of cryosurgery and immunotherapy is curative in 50% of mice bearing established B16 melanoma.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

[Mortality of primary liver cancer in China from 1990 through 1992].

OBJECTIVE: To study the geographical distribution and mortality of primary liver cancer (PLC) in China from 1990 through 1992. METHODS: A death survey among one tenth of Chinese population was conducted in 1990-1992 and the data on PLC mortality were analyzed. RESULTS: The crude mortality for PLC was 20.4 per 100,000 population (29.0 per 100,000 for males and 11.2 per 100,000 for females), accounted for 18.8% of the total cancer deaths in 1990-1992. In China, PLC mortality ranked second after stomach cancer. The age-standardized mortality rate (adjusted by the world population) of male Chinese was 33.7 per 100,000 which was 2. 2 times as high as that of male Japanese and 4.6 times as high as that of male Italian. The age-standardized rate of female Chinese was 12.3 per 100,000 which was 3.1 and 5.1 times as high compared to female Japanese and female Italian, respectively. PLC occurred in every age group but the mortality rate was highest in the age group of 30-44 years. The mortality was slightly higher in the rural than in the urban population. The cumulative death rate in the urban population was 3.5% for males and 1.2% for females, while that in the rural population was 4.1% for males and 1.6% for females. PLC showed geographical clustering along the south-east coast of China. CONCLUSION: To prevent primary liver cancer remains to be the major task of cancer control in China.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

[Effect of exogenous p16 gene on the growth of wild-type p53 human lung adenocarcinoma cells].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of p16 gene on human adenocarcinoma cell lines and the posibility of exogenous p16 gene for gene therapy of lung cancer. METHODS: A p16 gene recombinant expression vector was constructed by cloning p16 cDNA into the pcDNA3 vector at the sites of BamH1 and Xho I, and was transferred by electroporation into p16 gene deficient human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (A549 and H460) which expressed wild-type p53 gene. The p16 mRNA and protein expression of A549-p16 and H460-p16 cell was detected by Northern blots and immunocytochemistry, respectively. The cell growth properties and cell cycle pattern were aassessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The growth and colony forming efficiency of A549-p16 and H460-p16 cells were significantly inhibited compared with the controls. Flow cytometry showed A549-p16 and H460-p16 cells were arrested in G1 phase of cell cycle, and the percentage of cells in S phase and G2/M phase was decreased significantly. Tumorigenicity of the A549-p16 and H460-p16 cells in nude mice was greatly inhibited. CONCLUSION: The results show that human p16 gene can suppress the malignant phenotype of wild-type p53 human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (A549 and H460). p16 gene can play a role in the gene therapy of human lung adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1999

[Significance of platelet CD62p, CD63 assessment in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with blood stasis].

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between blood stasis and platelet activation and the influential factors on the latter in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. METHODS: Platelet CD62p, CD63 expressions were determined in 30 patients of type 2 DM with blood stasis, 27 patients of type 2 DM without blood stasis and 20 normal controls by flow cytometry. RESULTS: CD62p, CD63 levels were significantly higher in type 2 DM with blood stasis group than that without blood stasis group and in normal controls. CD62p was positively correlated with CD63, while positive correlation existed between HbA1c, LDL-C and CD62p in DM patients with blood stasis. CONCLUSION: The increased level of platelet activation was the primary molecular basis in type 2 DM. It was important to perform the Syndrome Differentiation of blood stasis and treatment of activating blood circulation to remove blood stasis in type 2 DM.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

[Observation on left ventricular remodeling in acute myocardial infarction].

OBJECTIVE: After an acute myocardial infarction (AMI), there will be regional dilation and global remodeling of the infarcted left ventricle. This study was aimed to observe the features of the ventricular remodeling after AMI. METHODS: Based on the time of onset of the symptoms, 37 patients (pts) with AMI were divided into 4 groups. The time of onset of AMI for group 1 (16 pts), group 2 (7 pts), group 3 (11 pts) and group 4 (3 pts) was < or = 3 hours (hrs), > 3 hrs - < or = 6 hrs, > 6 hrs - < or = 12 hrs and > 12 hrs respectively. The size of the left ventricle in all the patients were analysed with resting myocardial gated SPECT (GSPECT). Tc-99m MIBI was infused at admission and data of GSPECT were collected 2 hours later following the infusion. End-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV) and LVEF were shown by the system. Stroke volume (SV) was then calculated. RESULTS: EDV for group 1 to 4 was (98.5 +/- 31.9) ml, (99.4 +/- 55.6) ml, (128.1 +/- 55.1) ml and (140.0 +/- 25.3) ml, respectively. ESV for group 1 to 4 was (57.0 +/- 30.9) ml, (55.1 +/- 40.3) ml, (77.4 +/- 39.8) ml and (81.3 +/- 26.0) ml, respectively. SV for group 1 to 4 was (57.0 +/- 30.9) ml, (55.1 +/- 40.3) ml, (77.4 +/- 39.8) ml and (81.3 +/- 26.0) ml, respectively. LVEF for group 1 to 4 was (44.6 +/- 13.1) ml, (49.7 +/- 13.1) ml, (42.8 +/- 13.5) ml, and (42.7 +/- 8.6) ml, respectively. In pts with anterior infarction, EDV, ESV and SV after 6 hrs of the onset of AMI were greater than those in pts with in 6 hrs of the onset. It was the same in pts with inferior infarction. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that the left ventricular size increased in 3 hrs after AMI. Following the initial dilation of left ventricle, EDV, ESV and SV did not change significantly with in 6 hrs, but then increased gradually after 6 hrs from the onset of the symptoms. The early and significant dilation of left ventricle after AMI may be one of the risk factors of severe cardiac events.

Aged↗

PubMed1999

[Nested polymerase chain reaction in detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in bioptic tissue from patients with endobronchial tuberculosis].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the nested polymerase chain reaction (NPCR) technique in diagnosing endobronchial tuberculosis. METHODS: NPCR method was used to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in bioptic tissue from 67 patients with endobronchial tuberculosis, and the results were compared with pathologic examination, brushing smear, sputum smear and culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis after bronchoscopy. The controls were 43 patients with lung cancer. RESULTS: The positive rates of detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis were 13%, 19%, 22%, 15% and 76% respectively by pathologic examination, brushing smear, sputum smear, culture after bronchoscopy and NPCR methods. Significant differences were found between NPCR and the other 4 methods (all Ps < 0.01). No positive result for Mycobacterium tuberculosis was found in 43 controls by NPCR. CONCLUSIONS: NPCR is a useful method for diagnosing patients with endobronchial tuberculosis, especially for those with normal demonstration in X-ray chest film, negative sputum and nonspecific pathologic changes in endobronchial biopsy.

Biopsy↗

PubMed1999

[Nontransitional cell tumor of the bladder].

OBJECTIVE: To study the experience in the treatment and diagnosis of the nontransitional cell tumor of the bladder, and to improve the overall survival rate. METHODS: The records were reviewed that 18 patients with nontransitional cell tumor of the bladder treated from Jan. 1990 to Dec. 1997 (5.1% of the 352 bladder tumors in the same period). 16.7% of the patients had benign tumor, 83.3% malignant. Of the latter 73.3% were invasive. The overall rate of palliative treatment, partial or total cystectomy was compared retrospectively. RESULTS: Three patients with benign tumor are alive. The overall survival rate of 14 patients with malignant tumor at 1, 3 and 5 years was 85.7%, 66.7%, and 57.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the patients had haematuria and irritable bladder symptoms. The proper treatment was partial or total cystectomy. The prognosis was apparently related to the tumor stage and therapy method.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

[Slow transit constipation treated by surgery: analysis of 17 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the operative indications, prognosis, and possible pathogenic factors of slow transit constipation (STC). METHODS: 17 cases with STC who had undergone colectomy were analysed. RESULTS: Bowel movement frequency was once per 4 to 14 days in all of the patients, who had had long-term laxative abuse. Delayed colonic transit was demonstrated in all patients, 82.4% of them were accompanied by outlet obstructive constipation (OOC) and 50% showed abnormal sex hormones. Reduced numbers of argyrophilic neurons and vacuolar degeneration of axons were demonstrated at the myenteric plexus pathologically. Three patients had adhesive ileus postoperatively and one patient suffered from difficult evacuation again 5 years after the operation. CONCLUSIONS: Colectomy is highly effective in alleviating symptoms in patients with STC, and pelvic floor disorder of OOC should be treated simultaneously.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

[Effects of short veno-venous hemofiltration on severe acute pancreatitis].

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effects of therapy of short veno-venous hemofiltration (SVVH, 4hr) on severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). METHODS: Twenty patients were divided randomly into hemofiltration group (HF, 10 pts) and non-hemofiltration group (NHF, 10 pts). The local, systemic manifestations were compared between two groups; and the concentration of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFalpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, sIL-2R) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-10) were determined at different observation points. RESULTS: In the HF and NHF group, the duration for disappearance of abdominal pain and tenderness, and amelioration for abdominal distension was (8.5 +/- 6.3) d vs. (90.0 +/- 49.0) d and (16.9 +/- 5.2) d vs. (63.4 +/- 36.0) d. CT scores at the 14th day and APACHE II scores at the 10th day was (5.6 +/- 1.3) vs. (7.7 +/- 0.8) and (4.5 +/- 1.5) vs. (7.4 +/- 2.1). The average hospital stay and cost of therapy were (33.0 +/- 20.7) d vs. (56.4 +/- 16.0) d and (53,200 +/- 16,000) vs. (89,100 +/- 25,000) RMB (P < 0.05). The concentration of 5 serum pro-inflammatory cytokines at each observation points after hemofiltration was decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in the HF group. But the concentration of the two serum anti-inflammatory cytokines was increased significantly (P < 0.05) as compared with that of the NHF group. CONCLUSIONS: Through SVVH, the imbalance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines has been corrected at early stage; thus, the severity of the disease is ameliorated significantly and the efficacy of therapy is increased.

Female↗