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Biomedical subjects

S Zhang

Publications and source records attributed to S Zhang.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Metabolic effects of medium-chain triglycerides in parenteral nutrition after surgery].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the difference between long-chain triglycerides (LCT) and medium-chain triglyceride (MCT). METHODS: Twenty-four surgical patients and 6 volunteers were studied. These subjects were randomly assigned to receive parenteral nutrition with MCT or LCT emulsion. Their arterial and venous concentrations were measured across the forearm. RESULTS: Muscle utilization was significantly improved with MCT administration. In fat clearance test, serum ketone concentrations were significantly higher in the MCT group than in the LCT group. The improvement in nitrogen retention may be associated with the increasing of ketone and insulin levels. CONCLUSIONS: Fat emulsions containing 50% MCT are safe for use in parenteral nutrition and provide an alternate fuel that improves protein metabolism.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2001

[Association between renin-angiotensin system gene polymorphism and type 2 diabetics with stroke in China].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the association between gene polymorphisms of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) complicated with stroke. METHODS: Angiotensin 1-converting enzyme (ACE) genotypes and type 1 angiotensin II receptor(AT1R) genotypes were investigated with PCR and PCR/DdeI enzyme digesting techniques in 152 cases of DM2. RESULTS: No significant differences in genotype frequencies of AT1R gene were found between DM2 complicated with stroke and that without stroke (P> 0.05). The C allele frequency of AT1R gene in DM2 with stroke was higher than that in DM2 without stroke (6.8% vs 1.9% P< 0.05; OR=3.693, 95% CI: 0.977-13.704). The ACE DD genotype and D allele frequencies were higher in DM2 with stroke than in DM2 without stroke(51.4% vs 33.3%, P<0.05; 69.6% vs 54.5%, P<0.05). There was interaction between AT1R gene A1166C polymorphism and ACE gene I/D polymorphism in the development of stroke in DM2 patients (P<0.05; OR=4.00, 95% CI: 0.733-21.838). Logistic regression analysis showed that ACE DD genotype, systolic blood pressure and serum uric acid level were risk factors of DM2 complicated with stroke. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that ACE gene I/D polymorphism is a susceptible gene for stroke in DM2 patients in China. AT1R gene A1166C polymorphism contributes to the development of stroke in DM2 patients, but it is not an independent risk factor. There is synergistic effect of AT1R A1166C and ACE I/D gene polymorphisms on the occurrence and development of stroke in type 2 diabetics in China.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

[Introduction to Go! Poly, a human genome polymorphism database].

Databases play an important role in the study of genetic polymorphism. To meet the need for more studies of human genome polymorphism by Chinese medical and pharmaceutical community, a gene oriented human genome polymorphism database-Go! Poly was constructed. As a generalized polymorphism database, Go! Poly extracted human gene-linked sequence variations of all common types from various public resources including scientific journals and Web resources such as HGBASE (http://hgbase.cgr.ki.se) and dbSNP (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SNP/). The polymorphism data were then categorized into different gene loci, and the reference sequences given by LocusLink were used as positioning reference. To facilitate the use, a friendly web interface and a text based query strategy were implemented. Users can fetch specific polymorphism data in just three steps: find specific gene locus by simple search, display sequence variation information of a specific gene locus select, and view the final result of a specific variation site. Besides, a web-based submission tool is provided for direct submission, which can make the polymorphism information generated by the Chinese scientific community available from this resource.

China↗
PubMed2001

Cholinergic agonists increase intracellular calcium concentration in guinea pig vestibular hair cells.

OBJECTIVE: To better understand the cholinergic receptors in vestibular hair cells (VHC) and their subtypes, and to investigate the effects of cholinergic agonists on intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in guinea pig VHCs. METHODS: VHCs were isolated from guinea pig crista ampullaris by enzymatic and mechanical methods. The effect of cholinergic agonists on [Ca2+]i was examined using laser scanning confocal microscopy and the Ca2+ sensitive dye Fluo-3. RESULTS: The results showed that the addition of acetylcholine (ACh) and carbachol (CCh), muscamic and nicotinic agonists, induced [Ca2+]i increases in all the VHCs, whereas acetylcholine bromide (ACh-Br), a nicotinic agonist, induced the [Ca2+]i increase in only a small percentage of VHCs. The ACh or CCh-induced Ca2+ response could be partially suppressed by atropine. In the presence of 0.1 mmol/L atropine, the amplitudes of ACh or CCh-induced [Ca2+]i responses became significantly smaller than those in atropine free medium (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest the existence of cholinergic receptors in guinea pig VHCs. It is the muscamic agonists rather than nicontic receptors that dominate [Ca2+]i variation. Atropine can suppress muscamic agonist-induced Ca2+ responses.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed2001

An epidemiological survey on neonatal jaundice in China.

OBJECTIVE: To provide epidemiological data for revising the diagnostic criteria of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in China. METHODS: A survey was performed among full-term infants in multiple centers throughout the country. From less than 24 hours after birth, the infants' bilirubin levels were measured every day until the peak level fell to less than 68.4 mumol/L. Auditory brainstem responses were assessed in 56 infants randomly chosen from those with serum bilirubin levels of higher than 220.5 mumol/L. RESULTS: Jaundice in most infants was detected at 2-3 days after birth. The bilirubin level usually reached a peak level of 204 +/- 54.69 mumol/L at 5 days after birth and then fell. Among the 875 infants, the serum bilirubin levels in 34.4% of neonates were higher than 220.5 mumol/L. The mean serum bilirubin level of the infants during the first week after birth varied with geography (P < 0.001) and season (P < 0.001). The serum bilirubin level was significantly associated with gestation age (P < 0.01), delivery method (P < 0.01), weight loss (P < 0.001), and PCV elevation (P < 0.001) during the first three days after birth. CONCLUSIONS: The start time of neonatal jaundice was similar to that reported elsewhere, but the mean peak level in our study was higher than the reported. It is suggested that the diagnostic criteria for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in China should be strict.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed2001

[Clinical assessment of the effect of intravenous patient controlled intravenous analgesia and epidural patient controlled epidural analgesia in postoperative analgesia].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical effect and side-effect of intravenous patient controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) with patient controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA). METHODS: Two hundred and forty postoperative patients, who were randomly divided into three groups: group PCIA, group PCEA and control, 80 cases for each group, and the recovery of bowel movement, urinary retention, nausea, vomiting, pruritus, respiratory depression, postpartum hemorrhage, lactation and recovery of uterus were observed after operation. RESULTS: Overall patients in two PCA groups were satisfied with the postoperative analgesia. The incidence of urinary retention in group PCIA were significantly lower than that in group PCEA(P < 0.05). The recovery of bowel movement in group PCEA (17.51 +/- 10.33) was much bigger than that in group PCIA (28.70 +/- 16.36) (P < 0.05). There were no remarkable differences between two PCA groups in nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression and pruritus (P > 0.05). There were no remarkable differences between two PCA groups and control in the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage, lactation and recovery of uterus. CONCLUSIONS: Both PCIA and PCEA have excellent analgesic effect. PCIA has lower incidence of urinary retention, and has higher sedative incidence compared with PCEA.

Analgesia, Epidural↗
PubMed2001

[Research on transparent apinoid enemator].

Transparent apinoid enemator is made of polymethacrylate material. It is composed of external shell, big cover, small cover, liquor drain tube and suspension belt. Lateral surface of the shell has 100-1500 ml volume mark. Liquor drain tube is made of PVC, its inner diameter is 6 mm. The cover can reduce contamination and maintain liquor temperature. The transparent enemator made by us can overcome the shortcomings of non-transparent enamel enemator which has been used for many years.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Determination of nitidine in different parts of Zanthoxylum nitidum].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the nitidine in different parts of Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC. METHODS: HPLC method was used. The column was HYPERSIL BDS C18. The mobile phase was 0.02 mol/L monobasic potassium phosphate: acetonitrile (66:34). The detective wavelength was 328 nm. RESULTS: The average recoveries and RSD for nitidine was 100.24%, 1.83% respectively. The root contained more nitidine than other parts. CONCLUSION: The method can be used for the quality control of Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC. The roots were the best part for medicine.

Benzophenanthridines↗
PubMed2001

[A multianalysis study on clinicopathologic factors related to lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To study the function of CD44v6, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and cNOS in the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer and their value in estimating early lymph node metastasis. METHODS: Logistic stepwise regression model was used to analyze the influence of ten clinicopathological factors on the lymph node metastasis in 119 cases of gastric cancer. RESULTS: Using the established equation to estimate lymph node metastasis, the stronger the CD44v6 expression, the higher the frequency of lymph node metastasis; the frequency of lymph node metastasis was the highest in patients with positive MMP-9 and negative TIMP-1 expression. However, the frequency was the lowest in those with negative MMP-9 and positive TIMP-1 expression and that of positive expression in hemangio-lymphangio-endothelial cells of gastric cancer was relatively high. CONCLUSIONS: The intensity of CD44v6 expression, the imbalance between MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expressions and cNOS mRNA expression in the endothelial cells were highly useful for the preoperative diagnosis of lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Study of resisting leukoplakia canceration and angiopoiesis by herba erigerontis].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of resisting canceration of herba erigerontis and that of angiopoiesis. METHODS: Carcinomatous conversions of golden hamster cheek pouches induced by Salley way and obstructed by herba erigerontis were studied. Ink perfusion, analysis of images, resin cast form of micro-vessel, alpha-SMA detection and histopathological examination were applied to observe their changing patterns. RESULTS: The rate of leukoplakia canceration of herba erigerontis group was one time lower than that of model group. The rate of normal cells was about four times more than that of model. alpha-SMA of herba erigerontis was higher than that of model (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between angeion vessel area and density (P > 0.05). Nevertheless, the resin cast form of micro-vessel showed that its configuration and spacious arrangement was similar to control group. CONCLUSIONS: Herba erigerontis has the function of preventing leukoplakia canceration. It has no obvious effect on angio-hyperplasia and expansion in the course of leukoplakia canceration. However, it has the protecting function on angio-configuration and spacious arrangement and the complete of angeion vessel wall. Probably its mechanism is to promote blood circulation by removing blood stasis and benign angiopoiesis so as to resist canceration.

Actins↗
PubMed2001

[Pharmacokinetical study of safflor yellow on rat acute model of blood stasis syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To study the pharmacokinetical character of safflor yellow in rat acute model of blood stasis syndrome. METHODS: The rat acute model of blood stasis syndrome was made by i.p. adrenalin (0.07 ml/kg) and the stimulation of ice-water. At the time of 5, 10, 30, 60, 120, 180, 320, 480 min, the concentration of safflor yellow in the serum after i.v. safflor yellow (37.08 ml/kg) was determined. RESULTS: The concentration-time date of safflor yellow in rat acute model of blood stasis syndrome was shown to fit a double-compartment open model, t1/2 alpha = 1.43 min, t1/2 beta = 95.65 min, AUC = 49,632.90 micrograms.min/ml; while the concentration-time data of safflor yellow in normal rat was shown to fit a single-compartment open model, t1/2 alpha = 66.27 min, AUC = 42,267 micrograms.min/ml. CONCLUSION: The metabolism of safflor yellow was evidently later in rat acute model of blood stasis syndrome than in normal rat.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

Inhibiting effect of moderate hypothermia on cell apoptosis after diffuse brain injury in rats.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the variant processes of cell apoptosis and the inhibiting effect of moderate hypothermia on cell apoptosis after diffuse brain injury. METHODS: Models of diffuse brain injury were induced by the trauma device reported by Marmarou. A total of 128 Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: the uninjured group (Group A, n=8), the severely injured group (Group B, n=60), the mildly injured group (Group C, n=30) and the mild hypothermia group (Group D, n=30). In Group D, the severely injured rats were treated with moderate hypothermia to keep the rectal temperature at 32 degrees C (standard deviation for 0.1 degree C) for 6 hours. Then the morphology, the characteristics and the quantity of apoptotic cells in the cerebral cortex and in the hippocampus regions after different severities of craniocerebral injuries were observed and compared under an electronic microscope, with terminal deoxynucleotidyl nick end labeling (TUNEL) in DNA fragmentation and with agarose gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: TUNEL showed apoptotic cells increased according to the injury severity, and they peaked at 48 hours after injury and then declined. In Group C, apoptosis was located in the CA(2) and CA(3) areas of the hippocampus. And in Group B, apoptosis increased evidently, and located in the whole hippocampus and in the frontal and parietal cortex regions. The hypothermia-treated rats had some apoptotic cells, too. However, even at 24, 48 and 72 hours after injury there were significantly fewer apoptotic cells in the cortex and in the hippocampus in Group D than that in the non-treated groups. Electron microscopy showed that the apoptotic cells were round and shrunken in morphology and the nuclei were round and condensed at 24 and 48 hours after injury. And the apoptosis at 48 hours was more severe than that at 24 hours. The hypothermia-treated rats had no apoptotic cells. Gel electrophoresis showed that characteristic DNA "ladders" were observed in the cortex and in the hippocampus at 48 hours after severe injury. But there was no DNA "ladder" at other time points in the severely injured group, in the mildly injured group and in the hypothermia-treated group. CONCLUSIONS: It suggests that apoptosis occurs after diffuse brain injury and apoptotic cells increase with the injury severity. Moderate hypothermia has a specific inhibiting effect on cell apoptosis after diffuse brain injury in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Bone adaptation and response to mechanical stress in bone].

To review the progresses in the research of bone adaptation and its mechanisms. The Wolff's law represented early theory of bone adaptation, but the Frost's mechanostat theory developed in 1960s might be the more appropriate theory. Several studies showed that the bone cells including osteoblasts, osteocytes and bone lining cells are the mechanosensitive cells in bone tissue. Forces acting on the bone cells include compressive-tensile stress and shear stress. The shear stress is the main force which can be sensed by the bone cells. The effect of shear stress on bone cells is closely related to the basic structure of the bone, i.e., osteon. The main responses of bone cells to stress are changes of secretion of prostaglandins and nitric oxide.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2001

[Vitreous surgery for proliferative maculopathy].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the indication of vitrectomy for the treatment of pre-macular proliferative disease, the surgical technique, results and the prevention and treatment of complications. METHODS: Forty-one eyes of 41 cases with different kinds of macular traction or macular pucker, including 12 cases of idiopathic epimacular membrane, 10 cases of macular hole complicated with epimacular membrane and 19 cases of macular pucker after reattachment surgery (no diabetic retinopathy or retinal detachment) were treated with vitreous surgery. The issue of this operation is to find out underlying fissures (an under-bridge) or weakly adherent sites between a membrane and the retina. Using flute-needle, intraocular pick, spade and vitreoretinal forceps, we can separate and peel the proliferative membrane and the posterior cortical vitreous from the retinal surface completely. RESULTS: In 41 cases, epimacular membrane was peeled successfully, and the normal anatomic structure of the macula was restored. Four cases had small amount of hemorrhage in the superficial layer of the retina in and after the operation, and all the other cases did not have any complications, such as retinal tear or detachment. Thirty-eight cases obtained higher visual acuity, and in 3 cases the visual acuity maintained at their pre-operative level. Metamorphopsia was significantly improved, even disappeared. The follow-up period was 3 months to 4 years. CONCLUSIONS: The therapeutic effects of vitreous surgery for treatment of various kinds of proliferative maculopathy are reliable. After the surgery, the visual acuity can be elevated, the symptoms can be ameliorated and the complications can be effectively controlled.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Primary research about reconstruction of cornea in three-dimensional collagen gel in vitro].

OBJECTIVE: To research the reconstruction of cornea in three-dimensional culture. METHODS: Using primary cultured corneal epithelial cells, stromal cells and endothelial cells rebuilt a corneal structure in three-dimensional collagen gel reconstruction system. The artificial corneal transparency was examined by a slit-lamp microscope. The biological characters of cells were tested by routine pathologic and transmission electron microscopic technology. RESULTS: The reconstructed corneal tissue formed three layers. The epithelial cell layer was two or three cell thickness. The endothelial cells formed a single layer. The stromal cells were diffuse in distribution in the collagen gel. The cells had proliferative ability and capability of producing collagen. CONCLUSION: The regular and transparent corneal structure can be rebuilt by tissue engineering technology.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed2001

[An experimental study on subconjunctival interleukin-1 receptor antagonist for promotion of corneal transplant survival].

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the subconjunctival application of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) can prolong the corneal graft survival in the rat model of orthotopic penetrating keratoplasty. METHODS: For all experiments, F344 corneas were transplanted into LOU (major histocompatibility-disparate) eyes. Experimental groups received subconjunctival injection of 50, 100 and 200 microg IL-1ra respectively, and the control group received the same volume of 0.9% normal saline instead for consecutive 2 weeks. All transplants were evaluated for 4 weeks after surgery for signs of rejection. RESULTS: The mean survival time (MST) of the grafts of the experimental groups was increased significantly (t = 0.00, P < 0.01) in comparison with the control group. The MST of the IL-1ra 200 microg group was increased significantly than that of the IL-1ra 50 microg group (t = 0.00, P < 0.01). Furthermore, the IL-1ra-treated grafts had significantly less corneal inflammation, infiltration, lower levels of opacity, edema, neovascularization and rejection index compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Subconjunctival treatment of IL-1ra has a significantly positive effect on promoting corneal allograft survival. And its effect is dosage-dependent.

Animals↗