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Biomedical subjects

S Yoshioka

Publications and source records attributed to S Yoshioka.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Prognostic significance of intraventricular hematoma in the cases of intracranial hemorrhage].

Fifty two patients with intracranial hemorrhage, which was diagnosed with CT scan, were reviewed in relation to the prognostic significance of the intraventricular hematoma. Following items were analyzed in each patient in order to classify the severity of the patients; cause of the hemorrhage, level of the consciousness at the time of evaluation, volume of the intraventricular hematoma, midline shift, cast formation of the intraventricular clots in the third and/or fourth ventricle and acute hydrocephalus. The total mortality rate of the patients analysed was 32.7%, whereas 42.3% of the patients returned to useful life. Level of the consciousness and cause of the hemorrhage were found most contributory factors to the prognosis, and, in general, the patients whose consciousness were better than in semicomatose state, could expect reasonably fair prognosis. When the level of consciousness was worse than semicoma, they were divided in two groups according to the cause of hemorrhage. Cases with ruptured intracranial aneurysm or hypertensive hemorrhage showed as a rule poor prognosis and, on the contrary, patients with AVM or MoyaMoya disease were not always poor in outcome. In the former group the level of consciousness was quite low and the prognosis was poor with higher mortality, if the intraventricular clot occupied over two third of the ventricles. However, cases with intraventricular clot caused by AVM stayed in good level of consciousness even the intraventricular hematoma extended into the all ventricles, and the prognosis was not pessimistic unless the AVM was unoperable. The midline shift on CT scan was well correlated with the high mortality in the cases of ruptured aneurysm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Concentrations of non-glucose polyols in serum and cerebrospinal fluid from apparently healthy adults and children.

Six non-glucose polyols--mannose, fructose, 1-deoxyglucose, mannitol, glucitol, and inositol--were identified and evaluated in human serum and cerebrospinal fluid by gas-liquid chromatography and by gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Concentrations of fructose, mannose, and inositol in the serum of healthy persons or children without metabolic diseases varied with age, as already reported for 1-deoxyglucose. Fructose, inositol, and glucitol concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid significantly exceeded those in serum. The method described here for determining polyols and for evaluating polyol patterns in serum, as well as the resulting data on children and healthy subjects, should be useful in investigations of the clinical and physiological significance of polyols.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Possible involvement of 1-acyl-glycerophosphorylinositol acyltransferase in arachidonate enrichment of phosphatidylinositol in human platelets.

Microsomes isolated from human platelets synthesize phosphatidylinositol by the action of acyl-CoA: 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphorylinositol(1-acyl-GPI) acyltransferase. The properties of 1-acyl-GPI acyltransferase were compared with those of 1-acyl-glycerophosphorylcholine (1-acyl-GPC) acyltransferase. Apparent Km values of 1-acyl-GPI and 1-acyl-GPC acyltransferases for the corresponding acyl acceptor (lysophospholipid) were 22 and 20 microM, respectively, in the presence of arachidonoyl-CoA as fatty acyl donor. However, the Km value (1.3 microM) of 1-acyl-GPI acyltransferase for arachidonoyl-CoA was much lower than that (5.0 microM) of 1-acyl-GPC acyltransferase. Under optimal conditions, the acylation rate of 1-acyl-GPI with arachidonoyl-CoA was 2-6 times higher than with oleoyl-CoA and linoleoyl-CoA, and was very low with saturated fatty acyl-CoAs. The acylation rates with various acyl-CoAs for 1-acyl-GPI were different from those for 1-acyl-GPC. These results suggest that the reacylation pathway of 1-acyl-GPI participates in the incorporation of arachidonic acid to phosphatidylinositol in platelet microsomes. Furthermore, there were no significant effects of thrombin-activation on acyl-CoA specificity for 1-acyl-GPI and 1-acyl-GPC acyltransferase in human platelets.

Acyl Coenzyme A↗
PubMed1983

Studies on 18F-labeled pyrimidines. Tumor uptakes of 18F-5-fluorouracil, 18F-5-fluorouridine, and 18F-5-fluorodeoxyuridine in animals.

Three 18F-labeled pyrimidines, 18F-5-fluorouridine (18F-5-FUR), 18F-5-fluorouracil (18F-5-FU), and 18F-5-fluorodeoxyuridine (18F-5-FdUR), were examined regarding tissue distribution and tumor uptake in ascitic hepatoma AH109A-bearing rats. The differential absorption ratios of tumors of 18F-5-FUR, 18F-5-FU, and 18F-5-FdUR were 0.75 +/- 0.21, 0.92 +/- 0.15, and 0.96 +/- 0.24 at 30 min, and 0.37 +/- 0.09, 0.64 +/- 0.34, and 0.60 +/- 0.17 at 120 min, respectively. The tumor-to-organ ratios obtained with three radiopharmaceuticals, especially with blood, heart, lung, muscle, and brain were high and these ratios increased with time. The tumor-to-organ ratios obtained with 18F-5-FdUR were always 1.3-4 times higher than 18F-5-FU and 18F-5-FUR. We concluded that 18F-5-FdUR was a suitable radiopharmaceutical for tumor imaging. Positron emission tomography of a rabbit tumor located on the chest with 18F-5-FdUR clearly showed the tumor within 1 h.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Variations of 1-deoxyglucose(1,5-anhydroglucitol) content in plasma from patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

The concentration of 1-deoxyglucose(1,5-anhydroglucitol) in plasma from patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was measured by gas-liquid chromatography with an all-glass capillary column. Twenty-one plasma samples were obtained from 21 patients before insulin therapy, and 34 more from 13 patients receiving insulin therapy. 1-Deoxyglucose was generally not detectable in plasmas of diabetic patients before they received insulin; it was measurable in the patients who had received insulin, although its concentration was low compared with that of healthy subjects. We therefore suggest that the absence of 1-deoxyglucose in plasma is one of the markers of metabolic states of diabetes, perhaps reflecting a disturbed function of carbohydrate metabolism; its presence in plasma within a normal range may reflect the better control of diabetic patients.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1982

Enhanced rectal bioavailability of polypeptides using sodium 5-methoxysalicylate as an absorption promoter.

The absorption-promoting effect of sodium 5-methoxysalicylate was studied in the rat with respect to rectal delivery of pentagastrin and gastrin. Rectal bioavailability was quantitated by direct comparison of pharmacological effect with intravenous dose response. Coadministration of the absorption adjuvant greatly enhanced the rectal bioavailability of the model polypeptides. Sodium 5-methoxysalicylate, therefore, is representative of a new type of absorption promoter which appears to facilitate rectal absorption of polypeptide drug entities.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Age-related changes of the cranial bone mineral: a quantitative study with computed tomography.

Age-related changes of the cranial bone mineral in 495 subjects were assessed by computed tomography (CT) in terms of the Hounsfield number. By means of computer programs available in the CT system, the histograms for the bone were obtained. The peak of this histogram for males increased gradually and reached a plateau beyond 20 years of age, while that for females rose rather steeply from age 0 to age 20 and formed a plateau in the 20s and 30s, then declined precipitously from a value of 1164 +/- 143 to a value of 629 +/- 119 in the 70s and older. In the 20s and 30s, the peak for females was greater than that for males. The total pixel number of this histogram was constant after the 20s. The pixel number of the peak for males made a plateau after the 10s, but that for females showed a similar pattern until the 40s, then increased steeply after the 50s. The peak may reflect calcium concentration of the cranial bone, and therefore the skull of the female may store more calcium than that of the male in the 20s and 30s.

Adolescent↗