Biomedical subjects

S Yano

Publications and source records attributed to S Yano.

732 records · Page 41Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Amplification of the N-myc oncogene in an adenocarcinoma cell line of the lung.

Myc gene abnormalities were studied in 30 human lung cancer cell lines. N-myc gene amplification was found in an adenocarcinoma cell line, VMRC-LCD. Neither c- or L-myc gene amplifications nor K-ras codon 12, 13, 61 point mutations were observed in this tumor. Cytomorphologically the VMRC-LCD cells had positive characteristics of typical adenocarcinoma, and the carcinoembryonic antigen in the culture medium was strongly positive. N-myc gene amplification in adenocarcinoma of the lung is extremely rare, therefore we report herein on this case.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical evaluation of five tumor marker assay in patients with lung cancer.

Five tumor markers (CA19-9, CEA, NSE, SCC, TPA) were measured concomitantly in the serum of 128 patients with primary lung cancer (LC), 148 patients with benign disease (B) and 43 normal volunteers. The positive rates for all the tumor markers were significantly higher in the LC group than in the B group. When multiple tumor markers were quantitated, the specificity for the detection of lung cancer became lower although the sensitivity increased. However, this negative point was made up for to some extent by evaluating the number of positive markers. In monitoring the clinical course, independent changes were observed in markers in some cancer patients. These results implied that measuring multiple tumor markers was of clinical value in monitoring the clinical course of cancer patients as well as in assisting the diagnosis of lung cancer.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Autocytotoxic activity of lymphokine-activated killer cells: characterization of effector cells and susceptible targets.

The specificities and surface markers of murine autocytotoxic cells induced by in vitro culture with interleukin 2 (IL2) were studied. Culturing murine spleen cells with recombinant human IL2 resulted in the generation of cytotoxic cells which killed syngeneic lymphoblasts and syngeneic activated macrophages (M phi). Both lectins and protein antigens were capable of inducing lymphoblasts recognized by lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. B-lymphoblasts as well as T-lymphoblasts were sensitive to lysis by these effector cells. In addition, peritoneal M phi activated in vivo with Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCB), Corynebacterium parvum (C. parvum), thioglycollate (TG) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were shown to be susceptible to lysis by LAK cells. In contrast, neither unstimulated T cells nor resident peritoneal M phi were sensitive to lysis by LAK cells, suggesting that normal cells have to be activated in order to be sensitive to lysis by these effector cells. Surface marker analysis indicated that majority of effector cells which killed syngeneic lymphoblasts and activated M phi were Thy1+, asialo GM1+, L3T4-, Ly2-.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Prostaglandin E2 inhibits the generation of phytohemagglutinin-activated killer activity in human peripheral blood lymphocytes.

The effect of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on the generation of phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-activated killer (PAK) activity in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) was examined. PBL from normal subjects, when incubated in vitro with PHA, lysed natural killer-resistant Daudi tumor cells during a short-term 51Cr-release assay. The generation of such PAK activity was significantly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by PGE2 added only at the initiation of cultures. However, this inhibition of PAK activity by PGE2 was reversed by the simultaneous addition of exogenous interleukin-2 (IL-2). These findings suggest the possibility that PGE2 regulates PAK activity in PBL by inhibiting the production of IL-2 by activated T cells.

Cytotoxicity, Immunologic↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Beneficial effects of interleukin-2 on natural killer activity in lung cancer patients.

The effects of human interleukin-2 (IL-2) on the growth and natural killer (NK) activities of lymphocytes were evaluated in patients with advanced lung cancer, and compared with age-matched normal subjects. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from the patients and the controls were grown exponentially in response to IL-2 and showed no differences in the cell numbers and the proliferative capacities. In both groups, pretreatment for 18 hr with IL-2 was able to augment the NK activity of PBL. Furthermore, PBL propagated in IL-2 over a period of 15 days also demonstrated vigorous NK activity, although there was a relative broad range of NK levels among those from the patient individuals. The present study suggests that the depressed NK activity of PBL from our patients can not be explained by lack of their responsiveness to IL-2, and that human IL-2 can augment the NK activity of PBL and support the growth of PBL-derived cells with high NK levels in patients with lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Role of monocytes in the augmentation of human natural killer cell activity by interleukin-2.

The cellular requirement(s) and mechanism(s) involved in the augmentation of human natural killer cell (NK) activity by Interleukin (IL-2) were studied. NK activity was enhanced by IL-2 in the absence of monocytes. This potentiation of IL-2 on NK enhancement was suppressed by PGE2, and was enhanced by indomethacin in the experiments using unfractionated mononuclear cells. When monocyte-depleted cells were stimulated with IL-2, the cytotoxic activity was greater than that seen with unfractionated mononuclear cells. Monocytes in culture produced PGE2 which partially reduced NK enhancement by IL-2. These findings suggest that PGE2, produced by monocytes, regulates the NK enhancement by IL-2 in vitro.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Relationship of mitral valve area to hemostatic condition in rheumatic mitral stenosis].

The influence of mitral valve area (MVA) on hemostatic conditions was assessed in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS) without atrial thrombus who underwent percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty (PMV). The Doppler-derived MVA and hemostatic variables were obtained before and 2-3 months after PMV. Hemostatic tests included measurements of beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4 levels as indexes of platelet activation, fibrinopeptide A and thrombin-antithrombin complex as markers of fibrin generation, and D-dimer and plasmin-alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor complex as indexes of active fibrinolysis. Thirty-three measurements in 17 MS patients were subdivided into three groups: group A, 16 samples when MVA was < 1.5 cm2, group B, 12 samples obtained when MVA was 1.5 - < 2.0 cm2, and group C, 5 samples obtained when MVA was > or = 2.0 cm2. The mean level of beta-thromboglobulin was significantly lower in group C (43.6 +/- 32.4 ng/ml) than in group A (142.5 +/- 132.5 ng/ml) or B (163.8 +/- 179.8 ng/ml) (p < 0.05). The incidence of abnormal beta-thromboglobulin was also significantly lower in group C (20%) than in group A (67%) or B (73%) (p < 0.05). Other mean values or incidence of abnormal values of other hemostatic parameters did not differ between the groups. The hemostatic change induced by PMV was examined in 15 MS patients with no change in cardiac rhythm after PMV therapy. The patients were divided into suboptimal (MVA widening < 0.5 cm2, n = 7) and optimal (> or = 0.5 cm2, n = 8) groups. No favorable hemostatic changes were achieved by PMV in the suboptimal group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Reversible thickening of the bowel and urinary bladder wall in systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report.

We report the CT findings in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who developed reversible lupus vasculitis of the intestinal tract and urinary bladder. Abdominal CT demonstrated ascites and marked wall thickening of the jejunum, ileum, and colon, showing a target-like appearance. The bladder wall was also thickened and abnormally enhanced. Follow-up CT after treatment with steroid showed no ascites and normal bowel and bladder walls.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A splenic-inferior mesenteric venous anastomosis prevents gastric congestion following pylorus preserving pancreatoduodenectomy with extensive portal vein resection for cancer of the head of the pancreas.

BACKGROUND: In order to prevent gastric congestion after both of the splenic and coronary veins were taken as part of extensive portal vein resection in pylorus preserving (PP) pancreatoduodenectomy (PD), we made a splenic-inferior mesenteric venous (SpIMV) anastomosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four patients underwent PP subtotal PD with such extensive portal vein resection under the diagnosis of pancreas head cancer. The portal vein was reconstructed by end-to-end anastomosis, and the coronary vein was ligated. Since the stump of the splenic vein could not be approximated to the portal or superior mesenteric vein, shunting the splenic venous flow to the inferior mesenteric vein was attempted by making a SpIMV anastomosis in 3 patients and by preserving the SpIMV confluence in a patient. Postoperative celiac angiography showed that venous outflow from the stomach, spleen and remnant pancreas collected into the splenic vein and passed through the SpIMV anastomosis or confluence, and finally drained into the portal vein by inferior mesenteric to superior mesenteric collateral. RESULTS: No remarkable congestion of the stomach was observed. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion making a SpIMV anastomosis or preserving the SKpIMV confluence is beneficial for preventing gastric congestion following PP PD with extensive portal vein resection for cancer of the head of the pancreas.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy of gastric cancer with oral UFT (a mixture of uracil and fturafur) during the waiting period for surgery.

Our previous experience has demonstrated that growth of gastric cancer during the waiting period for surgery cannot be neglected, and some patients hope to receive prophylactic treatment to inhibit the growth of tumor until surgery. The present study was designed to assess the clinical benefits of preoperative chemotherapy with oral UFT for gastric cancer during the waiting period for surgery. Fifty patients with gastric cancer (24 early, 25 advanced and 1 recurrent cancers) were treated with oral UFT at 300-600 mg/day for 7-36 days before surgery and the objective responses and the postsurgical survivals were evaluated. In 42 of 50 patients objective responses of primary lesions were assessed by endoscopy or upper gastrointestinal series examination, and 2 CRs, 15 PRs and 25 NCs were seen (40% response). The histological effect was evaluated in 50 patients and the following classifications were made: grade 3 (complete disappearance or necrosis of tumor cells), 2; grade 2 (necrotic changes > 2/3 area), 4; grade 1b (> 1/3 area), 7; grade 1a (< 1/3 area), 15; and grade 0 (no histological changes), 22. A longer period of UFT administration was associated with CR or PR. All the patients underwent gastrectomy (38 curative and 12 palliative gastrectomies): all patients with Stage I-III primary gastric cancer are alive after surgery, and the 50% survival period of the patients with Stage IV cancer was 20 months. The side effects were not serious, including slight myelotoxicity, liver dysfunction and anorexia. It is concluded that preoperative chemotherapy for gastric cancer with oral UFT on outpatient basis may result in down-staging as well as the prevention of tumor growth during the waiting period for surgery without serious side effects.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Early gastric cancer in the remnant stomach.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Early gastric cancer in the remnant stomach is rare. Periodical endoscopic examinations are mandatory for patients with partial gastrectomy for a good prognosis. Our goal is to improve the surgical management of gastric cancer in the remnant stomach. We have retrospectively investigated a total of 15 rare cases of early gastric cancer after partial gastrectomy. METHODOLOGY: From 1976 to 1994, a total of 2,102 cases of gastric cancer were resected in our Department. Among these resected cases, 845 cases were histologically diagnosed as having early gastric cancer of the stomach. Of these, 15 patients had previously undergone a partial gastric resection. The time interval between the initial partial gastrectomy and the second resection of the remnant stomach, was more than 10 years for 8 patients (Group 1) and less than 10 years for 7 patients (Group 2). Here we investigate these rare cases of remnant early gastric cancer. RESULTS: The incidence of early gastric cancer in the remnant stomach was 1.8% (15/845). The cancer location in the remnant stomach was around the stoma and suture line in 75% of Group 1 and in 28.6% of Group 2. The incidence rate of mucosal cancer (m-cancer) was 87.5% for Group 1, and 14.3% for Group 2. Total gastrectomy was selected for 37.5% of Group 1, and for 100% of Group 2. No lymph node metastasis was discovered in both groups. The postoperative mortality was zero in both groups. One patient from Group 2, later died of liver metastasis 2 years after the second total gastrectomy, while the other 9 patients continued to live for more than 5 years with no gastric cancer recurrence to date. CONCLUSIONS: The outcome for patients with gastric cancer in the remnant stomach is generally considered poor. However, the outcome of early gastric cancer in the remnant stomach was good without major postoperative complications. Therefore, to improve surgical management of remnant-stump gastric cancer, early diagnosis is most important, using periodic endoscopic follow-up examinations, especially around the stoma. When mucosal cancer around the stoma is diagnosed, subtotal gastrectomy can be selected even in gastrectomized patient for a good prognosis.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Lymph node metastasis and lymphadenectomy for carcinoma in the gastric cardia: clinical experience.

METHOD AND MATERIALS: To suggest improved guidelines for treating lymphatic spread and to understand the results of extended lymphadenectomy. A total of 141 cases of cardia carcinoma admitted to our hospital during 1980 to 1993 were analyzed. RESULTS: 123 of 141 cases underwent resection. The incidence of mediastinal lymph node involvement rose from 8.7% in cases with 1-2 cm invasion to 52.9% in cases with more than 4 cm invasion into the esophagus. The incidence of abdominal lymph node involvement also rose with increasing esophageal invasion. Paraaortic lymph node metastasis was frequently observed in cases of more than 1 cm esophageal invasion. D4 lymphadenectomy (extended lymphadenectomy) revealed better results for the cases with lymph node involvement (P<0.05). There was no difference in the incidence of postoperative complication or in operative death, between the abdominal approach and the thoracoabdominal approach, or between the D4 lymphadenectomy and D2 lymphadenectomy. CONCLUSION: Sufficient mediastinal and abdominal lymphadenectomy under a clear wide surgical field achieved through the thoracoabdominal approach appeared to bring better results.

Adenocarcinoma↗