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Biomedical subjects

S Yano

Publications and source records attributed to S Yano.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Effects of fish oil rich in eicosapentaenoic acid on serum lipid in hyperlipidemic hemodialysis patients.

The incidence of atherosclerosis in hemodialysis (HD) patients is very high. Major risk factors are aging, lipid metabolism disturbances, high blood pressure, and smoking. High blood pressure and hypertriglyceridemia, which is atherogenic in the presence of smoking, are encountered very often in HD patients. The effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on plasma lipids and blood pressure were studied for the first time in HD patients by the administration of capsules containing fish oil rich in EPA, which is known to lower serum lipid concentration and blood pressure. We treated 12 hyperlipidemic patients (3 of type IIa, 3 of type IIb, and 6 of type IV; 3 males, 9 females; 31 to 70 years of age; 4 to 90 months on HD) with 24 capsules (1.6 g EPA and 1.0 g docosahexaenoic acid) per day for 13 weeks. Serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and phospholipid decreased significantly after capsule administration. The ratio of EPA to arachidonic acid in serum increased significantly. There was a small but statistically significant decrease in platelet count. Diastolic blood pressure decreased at the end of the experiment. These effects of fish oil are considered favorable for the prevention of atherosclerosis and its subsequent diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Interferon production by Epstein-Barr virus in human mononuclear leukocytes.

Interferon (IFN) production following exposure to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was studied in primary human mononuclear leukocytes. When the leukocytes were exposed to EBV (strain B95-8 or P3HR-1) the IFN level reached a maximum 24 h after exposure to the virus, and a gradual decrease followed. A linear relationship was obtained between the input dose of EBV and the IFN titre. The IFN inducibility of leukocytes did not correlate with the EBV infectibility. IFN was also induced by u.v.-inactivated EBV and heat-inactivated EBV, but not by neutralized virus. IFN inducibility varied among adult donors, but there was no significant difference between EBV-seropositive and -seronegative groups. The response of cord blood leukocytes, however, was lower than that of the cells from adults. The activity of all IFN samples in this study was stable to acid and heat and exclusively neutralized by anti-human IFN-alpha. B cells, T cells and NK cells all produced IFN in response to EBV, but monocytes did not.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Actions of some autonomic drugs on spontaneous contractions of isolated dog ureter.

Effects of some autonomic drugs on the isolated dog ureteral preparations showing spontaneous contractions were investigated quantitatively. Noradrenaline, adrenaline and phenylephrine produced increases in frequency and tension of the contractions which were reversed to decreases or depressed by phentolamine. Isoproterenol abolished the spontaneous contractions. Acetylcholine did not significantly change frequency and tension of the contractions. The results indicate that ureteral spontaneous contractions may be enhanced through an activation of alpha-adrenoceptors and be attenuated through an activation of beta-adrenoceptors. However, acetylcholine will not display an important role on the ureteral contractions.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Carcinosarcoma of the ureter.

A rare case of carcinosarcoma of the ureter is reported. Histologically, this neoplasia was an unusual heterologous carcinosarcoma of the ureter. 2 years after the initial total nephroureterectomy, the patient died from recurrence.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Effects of aging on the in vitro response of human lymphocytes to interleukin-2.

Effects of aging on the in vitro responses of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to interleukin-2 (IL-2, T-cell growth factor) were studied. Aged PBL showed a significantly lower response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) than young PBL. On the other hand, proliferative responses to exogenous IL-2 showed by aged PBL were found to be in same extent as those of young PBL. In addition, cultured lymphoid cells propagated in IL-2 (CLC-IL-2) derived from both young and aged PBL showed a strong cytotoxic reactivity against the natural killer (NK) sensitive target K562.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A case of Japanese Burkitt's lymphoma associated with EB virus.

A 6-year-old girl was admitted for cervical lymphadenopathy. She was diagnosed histologically as having Burkitt's lymphoma with partial involvement of follicles. Immunological study of a biopsy specimen demonstrated that many cells were surface immunoglobulin (lambda light chain)-positive, and chromosomal analysis revealed a translocation of (8;14) (q24;q32) in all blastic cells. Her serum antibody titers to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) capsid antigen and to early antigen were 1:320 and 1:160, respectively, and most of the cells from the lymphoma biopsy specimen were EBV-associated nuclear antigen (EBNA)-positive. In addition, EBV DNA/DNA reassociation kinetic analysis showed 22 EBV genome equivalents per cell. Complete remission was obtained by CHOP therapy (consisting of cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisolone) combined with cervical irradiation. She is in complete remission now (17 months after the onset).

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1984

Type II epithelial cells of the lung. VII. The effect of ascorbic acid and glutathione.

Ascorbic acid and glutathione deficiencies during the isolation of tissue cells could compromise metabolic functions involving their participation. This possibility was assessed by supplementing the medium used in the isolation of rabbit pulmonary type II cells with varying concentrations and combinations of ascorbic acid, glutathione, and glutathione's constituent amino acids, glutamine, cysteine, and glycine. Isolated type II cells were monitored for changes in their biosynthetic capabilities by examination of 3H-choline and 3H-leucine incorporation into phospholipids and proteins. In the presence of glutathione's constituent amino acids and low concentrations of ascorbic acid (0.056 and 0.56 mM) incorporation of radiolabeled choline and leucine by isolated type II cells was decreased by 50% compared with unsupplemented controls. Morphologic examination revealed that type II cells isolated in the presence of glutathione's constituent amino acids had reduced surface membrane blebbing and dilation of endoplasmic reticulum cisternae compared with unsupplemented controls. Intracellular glutathione levels in these cells was also increased by 100% compared with those isolated without the constituent amino acids. Type II cells isolated in the presence of ascorbic acid and the constituent amino acids attached to culture dishes with a 5-fold greater efficiency compared with unsupplemented controls. The supplementation of type II cell's isolation media with ascorbic acid and glutathione's constituent amino acids produces several beneficial affects possibly through reducing intracellular oxidant damage, although other mechanisms of action cannot be ruled out.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Protective effect of interferon inducers against hyperoxic pulmonary damage.

Interferon inducers, poly I:poly C, endotoxin, hepatic RNA, and Tilorone, were administered to rats at different time points in relation to the onset of hyperoxic exposure (O2 greater than 97%). All interferon inducers tested significantly reduced the mortality of rats when compared with the control groups. In hyperoxia alone, malondialdehyde, a product of lipid peroxidation, was significantly increased and the microsomal enzyme NADPH cytochrome c reductase decreased as measured in the whole lung. With the administration of either endotoxin or poly I:poly C these two parameters remained within the range of control values. These data suggest that the administration of interferon inducers protects against hyperoxic microsomal damage. After the administration of these interferon inducers with or without hyperoxia the increased activity of heme oxygenase and marked reduction of the heme content of microsomes were demonstrated. Since cytochrome P-450 and b5 are the major hemoproteins of microsomes and the known source of oxygen-free radical generation, the results obtained in this study appear to indicate that the depression of the hemoprotein of microsomes by the administration of interferon inducers may be largely responsible for the protective effects of these agents against hyperoxia.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Isolation and characterization of a third proteoglycan (PG-Lt) from chick embryo cartilage which contains disulfide-bonded collagenous polypeptide.

Chick embryo epiphyseal cartilage has been shown to contain three different proteoglycan species (PG-H, PG-Lb, and PG-Lt). This report is concerned with the purification and characterization of the third proteoglycan, PG-Lt. The proteoglycan can be separated from the other two by virtue of its low buoyant density in a CsCl density gradient and further purified by consecutive ion exchange and gel chromatography. The final preparation is composed of PG-Lt monomer and PG-Lt oligomer. The amino acid composition of PG-Lt is quite different from that of PG-H and PG-Lb and rather resembles that of collagens with respect to high content of glycine and high degrees of hydroxylation of proline and lysine. PG-Lt monomer is composed of disulfide-bonded subunits of Mr congruent to 120,000 and 190,000 as demonstrated by its gel electrophoretic behavior after reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol. The latter, but not the former, contains dermatan sulfate chains with glucuronic acid/iduronic acid residues and yields a protein-enriched core molecule of Mr congruent to 100,000 after digestion with chondroitinase ABC. Both of the protein subunits are completely digestible with bacterial collagenase. Immunofluorescence microscopic examination of cartilage tissues, using an antibody against PG-Lt, shows that this proteoglycan exists in both the cartilage matrix and perichondrial noncartilagenous region. When chondrocytes are plated onto tissue culture dishes, the antibody stains strands found on the cell surfaces and in the intercellular space of substrate-attached cell layers, suggesting that PG-Lt mediates cell-to-cell and cell-to-substrate contacts.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

Multiplicity-dependent induction of viral capsid antigen in Raji cells superinfected with Epstein-Barr virus.

A quantitative analysis of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced early antigen (EA) and viral capsid antigen (VCA) syntheses was carried out in Raji cells superinfected with purified, concentrated P3HR-1 EBV. When the cells were exposed to the virus and assessed by immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation, EA induction occurred significantly (17%) but not VCA (less than 1%), at a low-input multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10 EBV DNA copies/cell. In contrast, at a high MOI of 500 EBV DNA copies/cell, the majority of cells were positive for both EA (82%) and VCA (61%). The latter VCA synthesis was accompanied by the replication of EBV DNA. Kinetic studies showed that EA induction was directly proportional to the dilution of the infecting virus, while VCA was made following three-hit kinetics. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to the heterogeneous nature of P3HR-1 EBV and a possible role of EA in VCA synthesis.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1983

A highly sensitive pyrogen test for antibiotics I: detection of trace amounts of endotoxin in injectable sodium ampicillin preparations.

The rabbit pyrogen test (specified in the pharmacopeia) and the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test are influenced by high concentrations of certain antibiotics. Therefore, it has not been possible to detect trace amounts of endotoxin which may contaminate these antibiotics. To detect trace amounts of endotoxin in injectable sodium ampicillin, an ultrafiltration technique was utilized which removed the antibiotic and left a solution which contained predominantly the endotoxin. After ultrafiltration, a trace amount of pyrogen (which otherwise could not be detected) was found using both the rabbit pyrogen and the LAL tests. The endotoxin was also determined quantitatively using a chromogenic endotoxin reagent which is made by combining the Limulus amebocyte lysate and a synthetic substrate with a suitable chromophore.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1983

Monoclonal antibody specific for capsid antigen of Epstein-Barr virus.

A hybrid cell line (Cl-51) producing an anti-capsid antibody was obtained by fusion of mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from mice immunized with purified P3HR-1 Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Immunofluorescence showed that the Cl-51 antibody reacted with the cytoplasm and the nucleus of P3HR-1 and B95-8 cells, but not with Raji, BJAB, Molt-4, and superinfected Raji cells in the presence of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C). The viable P3HR-1 and B95-8 cells were not stained nor was the viral infectivity neutralized. The Cl-51 antibody immunoprecipitated 123,000 and 120,000 dalton polypeptides of P3HR-1 and B95-8 cells, respectively, and both were sensitive to phosphonoacetic acid. Specific reactions were not evident with extracts of Raji cells and superinfected Raji cells in the presence of Ara-C. An analysis of the purified virus particles showed that this antibody recognized a capsid component of EBV.

Animals↗