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Biomedical subjects

S Yano

Publications and source records attributed to S Yano.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Evaluation of intraplatelet and urinary 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels in patients with toxemia of pregnancy.

Toxemia of pregnancy is considered to represent a disorder of activated blood coagulation. To identify possible indicators for evaluating the clinical course of toxemia, we measured the intraplatelet and urinary levels of 5-HT and its urinary metabolite, 5-HIAA in 25 patients with toxemia vs. 29 non-toxemic pregnant women. 5-HT and 5-HIAA were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). During the 24-34 weeks of gestation, the toxemic patients and the non-toxemic women each had low intraplatelet levels of 5-HT which didn't differ significantly. A significant (p < 0.05) decrease in intraplatelet 5-HT was observed in the toxemic patients vs. the non-toxemic women after the 35th week of gestation until delivery. The untake of exogenous 5-HT by platelets was increased in the toxemic patients, and their urinary (5-HT+5-HIAA) value increased significantly (p < 0.05) as compared with the non-toxemic women after the 35th week of gestation until delivery. A decrease in the intraplatelet level of 5-HT and an increase in the urinary level of (5-HT+5-HIAA) were observed in the toxemic patients, findings that paralleled the progression of this disorder. Serial measurements of intraplatelet and urinary levels of 5-HT and urinary levels of 5-HIAA in the toxemic patients revealed a significant correlation between disease activity and those levels. These observations support the concept that the measurement of intraplatelet and urinary levels of 5-HT and of urinary levels of 5-HIAA may be useful in following the clinical course of the toxemic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Expression of extracellular matrix (tenascin) in the gastric cancer--an immunohistochemical study].

Expression and distribution of tenascin (TN) were immunohistochemically studied in the primary and metastatic sites of 90 cases of resected gastric cancer. TN was present in stromal cells surrounding cancer nests, but not in cancer cells. The overall incidence of TN-positive cases in the primary site was 70%, and the incidence in advanced cancer cases was significantly higher than that in early cancer cases. The incidence of TN-positive cases was significantly higher in the metastatic site than in the primary site. TN tended to be expressed intensively in the periphery of tumors. Coexpression of fibronectin (FN) and TN was observed in 50% of the TN-positive cases. However, the cases, in which TN was strongly positive in the periphery of tumors, were not reactive with anti-FN antibody. Ki-67 monoclonal antibody was also utilized to compare the number of proliferating cells in the TN-positive cases with that in the TN-negative cases. The number of Ki-67-positive cells was larger in the TN-positive cases than in the TN-negative cases. These results suggest that TN would be related to progression and metastasis of the gastric cancer, and that its biological function would be different from that of FN.

Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal↗
PubMed1993

[Effects of platelet aggregating inhibitor on pulmonary metastases of tumor cells after surgical resection].

DN-9693, c-AMP: phosphodiesterase inhibits platelet aggregation induced by metastasizing tumor cells and blood-borne metastases of these tumors. Effects of this drug on pulmonary metastases was studied in wKA rats, which were sc implanted with 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB) induced KDH-8 tumor cells. KDH-8 cells (10(5)) were sc inoculated on day 0 and excised on day 20. DN-9693 was ip injected at a dose of 150 micrograms twice a day for 7 days pre operatively (-7 - 0) or perioperatively (-3 - +3) or postoperatively (0 - +7). The rats were sacrificed on day 20 after surgery, and lung weight and the number of surface pulmonary nodules were measured. Both were significantly decreased in the group of perioperative and postoperative administration of DN-9693. The survival of these rats were furthermore prolonged when Cyclophosphamide (40 mg/kg) was sc injected 3 days after surgical resection. KDH-8 tumor cells (10(4)) were iv inoculated on day 0, and DN-9693 was ip injected at a dose of 150 micrograms twice a day for 7 days on day 0 approximately 7. Rats were sacrificed on day 20, and same studies as above were done. In this artificial pulmonary metastases, the decrease of the number of lung nodules was observed in WKA rat treated with DN-9693. Platelet aggregation induced by KDH-8 tumor cells was inhibited by ADP inhibitor (apyrase, CP/CPK) and thrombin inhibitor (heparin, MD-805); KDH-8 tumor cells induced platelet aggregation by two different mechanisms: ADP-mediated aggregation and thrombin-mediated aggregation. This platelet aggregation by KDH-8 tumor cells was inhibited by DN-9693 with dose-dependency. DN-9693 had no direct anti-tumor effects either in vivo or in vitro. The results indicates that this drug prevents pulmonary metastases by inhibiting platelet aggregation.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Detection of human parvovirus B19 DNA using PCR and serological test using ELISA for diagnosis of infection].

The development of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for detection of human parvovirus B19 DNA and serological test of clinical specimens using ELISA is described. Of 43 serum (or plasma) samples, 29 were found to be positive for B19 DNA using the PCR, anti-IgM was detected in 16 specimens and anti-IgG in 25. In all specimens confirmed to contain B19-specific IgM, the presence of B19 DNA was demonstrated. Furthermore, B19 DNA was demonstrated in a patient with B19 infection for a longer period of time than was anti-IgM. In addition, we discuss the diagnosis of B19 infection using anti-IgG, in the acute stage and convalescent stage. In fetal infection, the PCR method provides sufficient detection of B19 DNA in cord blood, amniotic fluid, ascitic fluid, and fetal pericardial effusion and pleural effusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Effects of 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid, an inhibitor of Cl(-)-HCO3- exchanger, on stress-induced gastric lesions in rats.

The effect of 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS), an inhibitor of Cl(-)-HCO3- exchanger, on stress-induced gastric lesions was studied in rats. The stress exposure to rats was performed by restraint plus water-immersion (22 degrees C) for 6 h. Oral administration of DIDS produced a dose-dependent reduction in the gastric lesion formation. The ED50 value for DIDS was 94.4 mg/kg (64.2 - 138.8 mg/kg; 95% confidence limits) and the maximum effect was observed at the dose of 300 mg/kg with an inhibition of 95%. A dose-dependent reduction in lesions was also observed after administration of omeprazole, an inhibitor of proton pump. The ED50 value for omeprazole was 3.1 mg/kg (1.8 - 5.4 mg/kg; 95% confidence limits) and the effect was maximum at 16 mg/kg with an inhibition of 92%. These results indicated that DIDS protected the gastric mucosa against stress-induced lesions. It is speculated that the antiulcerous activity of DIDS may give a clue for the development of a new class of therapeutic drugs for the prevention and healing of gastric ulcers.

4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid↗
PubMed1993

[Myocardial hemorrhage due to high-dose cyclophosphamide treatment in a case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].

43-year-old male with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma which was resistant to standard treatment received high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation. He had a past history of nephrectomy due to renal cell carcinoma. He had received adriamycin at a total dose of 280mg/m2, but had no episode of heart disease. His chest radiograph, electrocardiogram and serum creatinine were within normal ranges at the start of high-dose chemotherapy. He was given 120 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide (CPM) over two days. Serum creatinine levels elevated two days before transplantation, and he felt discomfort of the chest followed by severe arrhythmia. He died of heart failure one day after the transplantation. Postmortem examination revealed diffuse myocardial hemorrhage with degeneration and necrosis of the heart muscle. CPM is one of the useful antitumor alkylating agents for the treatment of malignant neoplasms. Although conventional doses of CPM can be used without adverse cardiac effects, high-dose CPM has been reported to induce cardiotoxicity in a few cases. Patients often develop fatal acute heart failure. For the safe use of high-dose CPM, we must consider about the dosing schedule, early detection of adverse cardiac effects, and patient risk factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Inhibition of gastric acid secretion in vivo and in vitro by an inhibitor of Cl(-)-HCO3- exchanger, 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid.

The mode of action of 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS), an inhibitor of the Cl(-)-HCO3- exchanger, on gastric acid secretion has been studied in vitro and in vivo. In the mouse isolated whole stomach preparation, DIDS (100 microM-1 mM) inhibited gastric acid secretion induced by histamine or bethanechol in a concentration-dependent fashion. On the other hand, DIDS, at a concentration enough to reduce the stimulated acid secretion, did not inhibit basal acid secretion in the resting preparation. In the perfused stomach of urethane-anesthetized rats, DIDS (1-10 mg/kg i.v.) inhibited gastric acid secretion stimulated by histamine, bethanechol or tetragastrin, whereas DIDS did not inhibit basal acid secretion. In pylorus-ligated rats, DIDS (3-30 mg/kg) administered intraduodenally also inhibited gastric acid output as well as gastric juice volume when administered immediately after ligation. When injected 6 h before ligation, DIDS inhibited the gastric acid secretion. However, this potency was weak in comparison with that observed when DIDS was administered immediately after ligation. These results demonstrate that DIDS can inhibit stimulated gastric acid secretion in vitro and in vivo, probably through its inhibitory effect on the Cl(-)-HCO3- exchanger.

4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid↗
PubMed1993

Urine glycosaminoglycans and heparan sulfate excretions in adult patients with glomerular diseases.

We measured the concentrations of urine glycosaminoglycans (GAG) by the modified dimethylmethylene blue method and the concentration of urine heparan sulfate (HS) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in patients with various glomerular diseases. The GAG/creatinine(Crea) ratios in patients with IgA nephropathy (mean +/- SD, 0.31 +/- 0.056) and membranous nephropathy (0.41 +/- 0.115) were significantly greater than in healthy controls (0.18 +/- 0.045). Urine GAG/Crea ratios in minimal change nephrotic patients increased during remission (0.38 +/- 0.102) and decreased to normal values during the nephrotic stage (0.25 +/- 0.088). In contrast, urine HS/Crea ratios in patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome decreased during remission (0.0069 +/- 0.0029) and increased markedly during the nephrotic period (0.047 +/- 0.0007 versus controls 0.0158 +/- 0.0046). Serial measurement in three minimal change nephrotic patients showed the similar change for the HS/Crea ratio and urine albumin excretion in the course of steroid therapy. The loss of HS from the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) may therefore be related to the pathogenesis of increased albumin excretion and measurement of urine HS excretion may be helpful for studying metabolism in renal disease, especially in patients with minimal change lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Effects of drugs acting on Cl(-)-HCO3- and Na(+)-H+ exchangers on acid secretion in the rat gastric mucosa sheet preparation.

The effects of 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS), an inhibitor of the Cl(-)-HCO3- exchanger, and amiloride, an inhibitor of the Na(+)-H+ exchanger, on gastric acid secretion under basal conditions and after stimulation with bethanechol or dibutyryl cyclic AMP were studied in rat gastric mucosa sheet preparation. DIDS inhibited bethanechol-induced acid secretion in a dose-dependent manner, but amiloride had no effect. The stimulation of acid secretion by dibutyryl cyclic AMP plus 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine was also inhibited by DIDs, but not by amiloride. DIDS did not reduce basal acid secretion, and neither did amiloride. These results suggest that the Cl(-)-HCO3-exchanger in the basolateral membrane of the parietal cell plays an important role in stimulated gastric acid secretion and that the Na(+)-H+ exchanger is less important. In addition, these data show that DIDS inhibits stimulated gastric acid secretion irrespective of the secretagogue, but not basal gastric acid secretion.

4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid↗
PubMed1992

Establishment of a new Hodgkin's cell line (HD-70) of B-cell origin.

A new Hodgkin's cell line, designated HD-70, was established from the peripheral blood of a 69-year-old man with Hodgkin's disease of nodular sclerosing type. The cell line grows in a single cell suspension and has a doubling time of 28 hours. The cells have a round or irregular nucleus or multiple nuclei in relatively abundant cytoplasm that is positive for acid phosphatase, alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase, and periodic acid-Schiff stains. HD-70 cells are positive for CD30 (Ki-1/Ber-H2), CD15 (Leu-M1), and CD71 (OKT9) antigens and contain cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (Ig) (A, kappa). Southern blot analysis showed that the cells have Ig heavy and kappa light chain gene rearrangement and lack T-cell receptor gene rearrangement. Chromosome analysis disclosed that the cells have a human karyotype with complicated abnormalities, including a 14q+. Heterotransplantation of the HD-70 cell line into newborn hamsters treated with antilymphocyte serum produced massive tumors with remarkable fibrosis and collagen band formation. These tumors displayed histologic features similar to those of the nodular sclerosing type tumor of the patient. Such fibrosis production and collagen band formation in heterotransplanted tumors suggest that a certain cytokine that induces fibrosis might be produced by HD-70 cells. This cell line may be useful for understanding the biology and pathogenesis of Hodgkin's disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of the conversion rates of alpha-linolenic acid (18:3(n - 3)) and stearidonic acid (18:4(n - 3)) to longer polyunsaturated fatty acids in rats.

The delta 6-desaturase reaction is regarded to be the rate-limiting step in the conversion of linoleic acid (18:2(n - 6)) to arachidonic acid (20:4(n - 6)). The same is probably also the case with the conversion of alpha-linolenic acid (18:3(n - 3)) to eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5(n - 3)). However, there are very few in vivo studies that directly compared the conversion rate between 18:3(n - 3) and stearidonic acid (18:4(n - 3)), which is the delta 6-desaturated product of 18:3(n - 3). We compared this rate by feeding rats on a lipid-free diet supplemented with lard (9%, w/w) and 18:3(n - 3) ethyl ester (1%) diet or on a diet containing lard (9%) and 18:4(n - 3) ethyl ester (1%). A lard (10%)-supplemented diet was used as the control diet. The fatty acid compositions of total phospholipids, triglycerides and free fatty acids of both liver and plasma were measured after 1 or 3 weeks on different diets. The molar ratio of 20:5(n - 3) of most lipid fractions was about 2-fold higher in rats fed the 18:4(n - 3)-supplemented diet than in rats fed the 18:3(n - 3)-supplemented diet. 18:4(n - 3) was found in the liver lipid fraction in only a very small amount, even in the 18:4(n - 3)-supplemented groups. Thus, desaturation at C-6 is suggested to be the rate-limiting step in the conversion of 18:3(n - 3) to 20:5(n - 3).

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effects of hirsutine, an antihypertensive indole alkaloid from Uncaria rhynchophylla, on intracellular calcium in rat thoracic aorta.

The effects of hirsutine, an indole alkaloid from Uncaria rhynchophylla (MIQ.) Jackson, on cytosolic Ca2+ level ([Ca2+]cyt) were studied by using fura-2-Ca2+ fluorescence in smooth muscle of the isolated rat aorta. Noradrenaline and high K+ solution produced a sustained increase in [Ca2+]cyt. Application of hirsutine after the increases in [Ca2+]cyt induced by noradrenaline and high K+ notably decreased [Ca2+]cyt, suggesting that hirsutine inhibits Ca2+ influx mainly through a voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel. Furthermore, the effect of hirsutine on intracellular Ca2+ store was studied by using contractile responses to caffeine under the Ca(2+)-free nutrient condition in the rat aorta. When hirsutine was added at 30 microM before caffeine treatment, the agent slightly but significantly reduced the caffeine-induced contraction. When added during Ca2+ loading, hirsutine definitely augmented the contractile response to caffeine. These results suggest that hirsutine inhibits Ca2+ release from the Ca2+ store and increases Ca2+ uptake into the Ca2+ store, leading to a reduction of intracellular Ca2+ level. It is concluded that hirsutine reduces intracellular Ca2+ level through its effect on the Ca2+ store as well as through its effect on the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1992

Effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-1 alpha, and interleukin-6 on prolonged myelosuppression induced by nimustine hydrochloride in rats.

The myelorestorative effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were studied in F-344 rats which had been treated with cyclophosphamide (CY), carboplatin (CBDCA), or nimustine hydrochloride (ACNU). In CY- or CBDCA-pretreated rats, significantly higher peripheral white blood cell (WBC) count was observed in animals treated with G-CSF and IL-1 alpha, while the platelet (PLT) count was elevated by IL-6 treatment. All of the cytokines had little effect on the hemoglobin (HB) value. Animals treated with ACNU had prolonged myelosuppression. Treatment of these animals with G-CSF and IL-1 alpha significantly enhanced the recovery of HB value as well as WBC count. Higher PLT counts were observed in treated groups, but a statistical difference was not evident. Combination therapy with G-CSF and IL-1 alpha, G-CSF and IL-6, or IL-1 alpha and IL-6 did not have any significant beneficial effects on the peripheral blood cell count in ACNU-pretreated rats over single agent therapy. Conversely, the combination of IL-6 and G-CSF had an unfavorable effect on HB and PLT levels. In rats which received multiple doses of ACNU, G-CSF treatment exhibited a beneficial effect on WBC, HB, and PLT levels, the most prominent on the HB value. These findings suggest that treatment with hematopoietic cytokines may be most beneficial when combined with anticancer drugs which are known to cause prolonged myelosuppression.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Heterotopic autotransplantation of the distal pancreas segment after total pancreatectomy for cancer of the head of the pancreas.

Autotransplantation of the distal pancreas segment with pancreaticojejunostomy was performed in four patients with cancer of the head of the pancreas to preserve endocrine pancreatic function after extended total pancreatectomy. All patients had tumor involvement of both the celiac axis and the portal vein. The pancreatic graft was determined to be cancer-free by frozen section histologic and pancreatic juice cytologic examinations. The distal pancreas segment was autotransplanted to the iliac vessels heterotopically and placed in the extraperitoneal pocket to avoid untoward effects of any local recurrence or pancreatic leakage. This procedure, in the form of reconstruction, might be called modified subtotal pancreatoduodenectomy. Postoperatively, all patients remained normoglycemic without exogenous insulin administration, and their quality of life was considered satisfactory.

Aged↗