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Biomedical subjects

S Yamazaki

Publications and source records attributed to S Yamazaki.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Analysis of polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of Strongyloides ratti in relation to development.

The effect of linolenic acid (C18:3 omega 3) on the development of Strongyloides ratti first-stage larvae (L1) in culture was studied. The fatty acid composition of S. ratti free-living generations was analyzed by gas chromatography. L1 had abundant linoleic acid (C18:2 omega 6) but its proportion decreased with development. On the contrary, eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 omega 3) and C20:4 omega 3 were prominent in the filariform larva (L3). Because C20:5 omega 3 is generally synthesized from C18:3 omega 3 via C20:4 omega 3, the high ratio of C20:5 omega 3/C18:3 omega 3 of L3 in all the free-living generations suggested that polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism, particularly the omega-3 series, and eicosanoids produced had important roles in the development of S. ratti L1.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Expression of HTLV-I envelope protein fused to hydrophobic amino-terminal peptide of baculovirus polyhedrin in insect cells and its application for serological assays.

The envelope of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) consists of two glycoproteins gp46 and p20E. Recombinant envelope proteins were produced by using an expression vector derived from insect baculovirus, Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Polyhedrin fusion proteins C182, N147, and N287 contained whole region p20E, C-terminal half of gp46, and almost whole region gp46, respectively. N147 and N287 were suggested to be processed forms resulting from internal cleavage by cellular enzymes. In cultured cells and the insect larvae, C182 and N147 were produced abundantly enough to be purified to homogeneity; however, N287 was produced poorly and not purified. The purified proteins were recognized by HTLV-I-infected human sera and shown to be highly specific antigens for blood screening systems.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Flowcytometric analysis of DNA pattern of cells derived from xeroderma pigmentosum A--hypersensitivity to vincristine, etoposide and methotrexate.

Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A (XPA) is one of the DNA repair deficient syndromes. The cell biological features of XPA were examined by flowcytometry using Epstein Barr (EB) virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cells. Cellular sensitivity to vincristine (VCR), etoposide (VP-16) and methotrexate (MTX) were assayed by DNA pattern changes by flowcytometry. Recently, ataxia-telangiectasia (AT), one of the same kind of disorder, has been reported to have an increased sensitivity to VCR and VP-16. However, AT showed some resistance to MTX according to other reports. Our results showed that XPA had an increased sensitivity to VCR and also to VP-16. Moreover, different from AT, XPA showed some sensitivity to MTX. Thus there is some cell biological similarity between XPA and AT, as well as some difference of the abnormality in the DNA repair pathway.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1990

Two cases of parathyroid carcinoma in patients on long-term hemodialysis.

Two cases of parathyroid carcinoma, in a 46-year-old male on maintenance hemodialysis for 135 months and a 55-year-old female on maintenance hemodialysis for 64 months were reported. In both cases, the parathyroid carcinoma showed local invasion and the other glands were hyperplasia and/or adenoma, which would support the concept of malignant transformation occurring in parathyroid hyperplasia. The concurrence of parathyroid carcinoma with hyperplasia and/or adenoma is a pertinent feature in patients on maintenance dialysis, although it is rare in primary parathyroid carcinoma.

Female↗
PubMed1990

Multinucleation of macrophages with water-solubilized lignin derivatives in vitro.

When macrophages derived from bone marrow were incubated with lignin derivative at 10 micrograms/ml, they formed multinucleated giant cells containing more than sixty nuclei. Cine-microscopic observation revealed that the formation of the giant cells was due to cell fusion. This phenomenon was specific for primary-cultured macrophages, and was not observed with either a macrophage cell line or established cell lines derived from other tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Fibrous structure of the joint capsule in the human shoulder.

The fibrous structure and arrangement of joint capsules of human shoulders [8 males (7 right, 6 left), 4 females (4 right, 3 left)] were observed under a low magnification microscope as well as a polarized microscope on film preparations (Häutchen-Präparat, Vogt 1935) with reference to stained sections (mainly with H, E and orcein). The joint capsule is composed of synovial and fibrous layers and is classified into three types according to tissue composition [areolar (loose connective tissue-Fawcett, 1986) type, fibrous (dense fibrous- Fawcett, 1986) type and adipose type- (Key 1932)]. In the joint capsule of the shoulder, the areolar type was found in the anterior region, and the fibrous type in the posterior, superior and inferior regions; the adipose type was not found. The author found that the fibrous layer of the fibrous type basically has a 3 layered structure; the composition and arrangement of fibers differ depending on the type of layer. These three layers were named in order from the synovial layer as "Internal fibrous layer (IFL)", "Intermediate fibrous layer (MFL)" and "External fibrous layer (EFL)". The external fibrous layer can normally be directly visualized by peeling off the muscles. The EFL consists of external fascia, tendons and their transitional regions, which compose the joint of the shoulder. IFL and MFL can only be observed under a low magnification microscope and are distinguishable on film preparations. The IFL, which is located immediately under the stratum synoviale, consists of fibrous bundles approximately 20 microns thick. The MFL, which is adjacent to the IFL, consists of 100-400 microns thick fibrous bundles. The IFL and the MFL have a differently fixed arrangement. The fibrous bundle of EFL is slightly thicker than that of IFL and the arrangement of the fibrous bundle is like that of supraspinatus m., infraspinatus m. and teres minor m. in the superior and posterior regions of the joint capsule. The local existence as well as the arrangement of the fibrous layer of these three different types is discussed from the standpoint of mechanical movement of the shoulder joint.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Small round structured virus associated with an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis in Chiba, Japan.

In an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis which originated in a restaurant in Chiba, Japan, in December, 1987, small round structured virus (SRSV) particles were observed by electron microscopy in 14 of 16 stool specimens from patients. The particles were 30 to 35 nm in diameter, possessed amorphous surface structure surrounded by fine projections and had a buoyant density of 1.36 to 1.37 g/ml in cesium chloride. Serological responses to the SRSV were found by immune electron microscopy and Western blot (WB) assay in paired sera of 12 of 19 patients. Furthermore, WB analysis revealed that the antibody against SRSV was cross-reactive to other SRSV, Tokyo 86/510.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

A comparative seroepidemiologic study of the neutralizing antibody against the virulent standard strains and the Sabin vaccine strains of poliovirus among healthy Japanese.

The neutralizing antibody of 160 serum specimens collected in 1978 from healthy residents in five prefectures in Japan was titrated against both the virulent standard strains and the Sabin vaccine strains of three types of poliovirus. Antibody-positive rates with both strains of respective types at a level of 1:4 were comparable in all three types of poliovirus. However, the geometric mean titers (GMTs) obtained against both strains showed statistically significant difference depending on the age-cohort's previous history of exposure to the wild or the vaccine strains of polioviruses: the younger age cohorts showed higher GMTs to the Sabin strains, while adults responded higher to the virulent standard strains. The difference was most pronounced in type 1.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

An epidemic of echovirus 18 in 1988 in Japan--high association with clinical manifestation of exanthem. A report of the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Agents in Japan.

Laboratory reports of isolation of echovirus serotype 18 (E18) slightly increased in the summer of 1987 followed by a sharp increase with a peak in July, 1988. A total of 1,094 isolations were reported during these two years from 39 laboratories participating in the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Agents in Japan. When compared with the previous E18 outbreaks, a higher proportion of children at two years of age or under (58.3%) and a much higher incidence of exanthem (46.4%) were remarkable. Meningitis-associated isolations were reported in 30.6%, less than half of the percentage of the previous epidemic.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Structural characterization of the immunoactive and antiviral water-solubilized lignin in an extract of the culture medium of Lentinus edodes mycelia (LEM).

The active principle of EP3, a fraction from an extract of the culture medium of Lentinus edodes mycelia (LEM), which activates murine macrophages, causes proliferation of bone marrow cells, and inhibit the replication of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in vitro, was characterized as a water-solubilized lignin. The detailed structural feature of this water-solubilized lignin was investigated and shown to be a highly condensed and polycarboxylated lignin which is denatured and solubilized by Lentinus edodes from bagasse. The water-solubilized lignin itself was confirmed to have both immunological activities and the antiviral activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

We describe the results of our study on the early detection of the development of hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with chronic liver disease. Over a period of 18 years, 33 patients were diagnosed as having hepatocellular carcinoma. From 1970 to 1978, we used serum alpha-fetoprotein determination, liver palpation, and radionuclide liver scans. In addition to alpha-fetoprotein determination, computed tomography and ultrasonography were introduced in 1979. However, we did not have any general guidelines for the use of these imaging modalities. From 1984 onwards, ultrasonography and serum alpha-fetoprotein determination have been performed every three months and computed tomography every year in patients whose right hepatic lobe had atrophied due to liver cirrhosis. On the basis of this screening program, 50% of the detected hepatocellular carcinoma (9/18) were found to be smaller than 1.9 cm in diameter, and tumor resection was performed in 11 out of 18 patients (61%).

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[A case of Borrmann type 4 gastric carcinoma which disappeared by intraaortic infusion chemotherapy with ADM and MMC].

A 64-year-old woman with Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer was treated by intraaortic (celiac artery) one-shot infusion chemotherapy with adriamycin (ADM) and mitomycin C (MMC). One month after the first administration of 30 mg ADM and 20 mg MMC, the second administration of 50 mg ADM and 20 mg MMC was done. The third administration of 50 mg ADM and 20 mg MMC was performed one month after the second administration. Clinical symptoms of back pain, lumbago and anorexia had almost disappeared soon after the third administration. Although the findings of the X-ray examination of stomach, gastroscopy and celiac angiography showed marked improvement, total gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy was performed 2 months after the third administration because residual cancer cell nests were highly suspect. Histological examination of the resected stomach and lymphnodes revealed no cancer cells. The patient has been in good health without any recurrent signs for 16 months after operation.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1990

Resection after intraarterial chemotherapy of a hepatoblastoma originating in the caudate lobe.

A rare case of hepatoblastoma originating in the caudate lobe was treated successfully with intraarterial chemotherapy followed by extensive lobectomy of the left side of the liver. Imaging modalities demonstrated a solitary huge tumor, initially inoperable, occupying almost the entire liver in a 4-month-old female infant. Transcatheter intrahepatic arterial chemotherapy with 10 mg doxorubicin, 20 mg cisplatin, and 3 ml Lipiodol, repeated twice at a 1-month interval, led to a remarkable reduction in tumor size and thereby made it resectable. The volume ratio between the intact hepatic parenchyma and the tumor changed from 1:1.70 to 1:0.13, as assessed by serial computed tomography scans, and the patient's initial alpha-fetoprotein level of 223,210 ng/ml declined to 53 ng/ml. The present case is the first in the literature, to our knowledge, of a resected hepatoblastoma in the caudate lobe. Clinical details of the tumor and surgical issues are discussed.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1990

[Study of early gastric carcinomas with a pyloric stenosis].

From 1969 to 1989, 1106 cases of early gastric carcinomas were treated in our hospital, and 9 cases (0.8%) of an early gastric carcinoma with a pyloric stenosis were found among them. Five of these cases involved males and 4 cases females. The average age of these patients was 57.1 years. An accurate preoperative diagnosis was very difficult and 7 cases had been considered to be advanced gastric carcinoma preoperatively. In all these cases the lesions were found located on the pyloric ring or in the antral region. Further, all cases evidenced a submucosal infiltration and/or ulceration in the lesion. Most of the stenotic cases had lesions greater than 3.1 cm in diameter, with diameters of over 1.1 cm in the ulceration and the submucosal infiltration. Some early gastric carcinomas in the antral region with no pyloric stenosis also had lesions that were over this size.

Adenocarcinoma↗