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Biomedical subjects

S Yamazaki

Publications and source records attributed to S Yamazaki.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Herpangina surveillance in Japan, 1982-1989. A report of the national epidemiological surveillance of infectious agents in Japan.

In Japan, herpangina cases increase every summer with an incidence peak in July. During the past eight years from January, 1982 to December, 1989, a total of 3,974 viruses from herpangina cases were reported from 47 participating laboratories, and coxsackie A (CA) viruses accounted for most of them, 3,055 (76.9%). The major types associated with herpangina were, in order of frequency, CA4, 10, 5, 6, 2 and 3, representing 87.2%-80.8% of total isolations reported for each respective type in this period. Eighty-four point four percent of the total virus isolations were from children at four years of age or younger. More than 80% of total CA virus isolations were from nasopharyngeal specimens and nearly 90% of the viruses were isolated in mice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Extrahepatic division of the right hepatic vein in hepatectomy.

Extrahepatic division of the right hepatic vein, after division of the inferior vena cava ligament and, if necessary, of the adrenal gland, was performed during 87 liver resections, and the results compared with those of intraparenchymal division of the right hepatic vein in 32 similar hepatectomies. The selection of the method reflected the surgeon's preference, and was unrelated to the weight of the resected specimen. The incidences of injury to the adrenal gland, inferior vena cava and short hepatic veins were comparable with the two methods, 28 versus 26%, but massive bleeding occurred in 13 vs. 6%, and the mean operative bleeding was 3.8 vs. 1.8 liters (p less than 0.01) during intrahepatic and extrahepatic dissection, respectively. Tumors close to the junction of the right hepatic vein with the inferior vena cava cannot be removed radically with intraparenchymal division of the right hepatic vein. For these reasons, we prefer extrahepatic right hepatic vein division, which was technically possible in 75 of the 84 cases in whom it was attempted.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1991

A hepatoblastoma originating in the caudate lobe radically resected with the inferior vena cava.

Complete resection of a rare hepatoblastoma in the caudate lobe, involving the inferior vena cava (IVC), is reported. After systemic chemotherapy, a 5-year-old child underwent exploratory laparotomy at another hospital, but resection was not attempted because the tumor in the caudate lobe had extensively invaded the retrohepatic IVC. However, because not only the lack of distant metastases but also the establishment of extrahepatic collaterals were confirmed by imaging, we thought it was possible to radically resect the tumor. We successfully performed an extended left hepatic lobectomy including total excision of the caudate lobe and the involved portion of the IVC. Although we did not reconstruct the IVC, no clinical manifestations arising from caval congestion were seen. The serum alpha-fetoprotein value declined below the normal limit. Our experience with this case has introduced a radical resectability for hepatic malignancy in the caudate lobe, even if it has extended into the IVC.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1991

A new method for mapping hepatic subsegment: counterstaining identification technique.

Hepatic subsegmentectomy requires identification of the borders of tumor-bearing subsegment, usually achieved by injecting dye into the portal veins feeding the domain. We describe an alternative technique for performing systematic subsegmentectomy in patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, in whom hepatic arterial and portal venous embolizations were already performed as a preoperative adjuvant. Under ultrasonic guidance, each of the neighboring portal units is sequentially stained, thus defining the avascular subsegment to be resected as the nonstaining area. This allows the subsegment to be totally resected. This counterstaining identification technique can be used for all subsegments undergoing complete embolization and for other situations in which the usual staining method is impossible because of the presence of arterioportal shunting or portal tumor thrombus.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1991

The value of ultrasonography for hepatic surgery.

Ultrasonography plays an important role in the early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Ultrasonography detected 53% of 287 patients with small (less than or equal to 5 cm) hepatocellular carcinomas. Among 486 patients with hepatocellular carcinomas, sensitivities of intra-operative ultrasonography in detecting 451 small primary hepatocellular carcinoma nodules, intrahepatic metastasis in 330 patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma and 63 tumor thrombi were 98, 48 and 67%, respectively. The sensitivity of intra-operative ultrasonography in detecting small primary tumors was 10% better than ultrasonography, computed tomography, and angiography. The sensitivity of intra-operative ultrasonography in intrahepatic metastasis and tumor thrombus was two to three times better than pre-operative examination. Intra-operative ultrasonography was useful in detecting nonpalpable tumors and in guiding the transection of the liver, biopsy, and cryosurgery. Moreover, intra-operative ultrasonography made possible new hepatectomy procedures: systematic subsegmentectomy and hepatectomies which preserve the inferior right hepatic vein. Systematic subsegmentectomy guided by intra-operative ultrasonography resulted in better survival rates than the limited resection in patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma two years after hepatectomy; by the sixth year, this difference was significant (p less than 0.05). Ultrasonography and intra-operative ultrasonography are indispensable in the early detection, accurate diagnosis, operative guidance and postoperative care of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1991

Biological function of recombinant IL-6 expressed in a baculovirus system.

The cDNA of human interleukin-6 (IL-6) was cloned into baculovirus DNA. Insect cells (Spodoptera frugiperda cells) infected with the recombinant baculovirus secreted a large amount of 22K protein into the culture medium. This culture fluid contained high biological activity of growth stimulation of a mouse myeloid cell line (MH-60). The IL-6 was purified by a one-step procedure employing immunoaffinity chromatography of monoclonal antibody to IL-6. The specific activities (BSF-2 reference units/mg protein) of the original culture medium and the purified material from the one-step purification were 0.3-1 x 10(6) and greater than 2 x 10(7), respectively. The highly purified IL-6 could not induce an antiviral state in human diploid fibroblast (FS-4) cells.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

[Total body hyperthermia and continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion as an adjuvant therapy in advanced gastric cancer].

Between September 1986 and July 1989, adjuvant hyperthermic therapy, consisting of either total body hyperthermia (TBHT) or continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion (CHPP), was given to a total of 41 patients immediately following gastric resection for cancer. TBHT was performed in 1 curative- and 11 noncurative-gastrectomized patients (1 stage III and 11 stage IV), and CHPP in 18 curative- and 11 noncurative-gastrectomized patients (6 stage I/II, 10 stage III and 13 stage IV). For TBHT, the blood was warmed and maintained at 42 degrees C for 3 hours by means of a V-V bypass connected to an extracorporeal heater-pumping system. When the hyperthermic condition was established, anti-cancer drugs were administered intravenously. In CHPP, 46 degrees C saline containing anti-cancer drugs were infused at a constant rate through a tube placed at the Douglas fossa. The perfusate was drained out through another tube positioned at an uppermost part of the abdominal cavity. The hyperthermic condition was monitored by measuring the outflow temperature. Complications encountered were bone marrow depression, liver damage and pyrexia, and were more frequently experienced by the TBHT patients. Patients under 65 years of age who had had an absolute noncurative gastrectomy but with TBHT survived significantly longer than those without TBHT. When the patients who had undergone gastrectomy with CHPP for a cancer of more than se penetration were compared with those without CHPP, there was no significant difference in survival found between these two populations. This unsatisfactory result could be partly attributable to difficult maintenance of appropriate (sufficiently high) and constant perfusate temperature.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Study of follow-up period and provocative tests for diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma].

How long should we follow up the patients with glaucomatous visual field defects to confirm the diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)? What is the most important examination for the diagnosis of POAG? In order to answer these questions, 108 eyes of 60 cases were followed up for more than 4 years. All of these subjects presented both open angle and glaucomatous field defects. In the patients who did not present the increment of the intraocular pressure (IOP) within one month from the first visit, the relationship between the increment of IOP after one month and provocative tests, sex, age and refractions were evaluated. Of these, 47 eyes showed an increment of IOP within one month from the first visit. The other 61 eyes, suspected of low tension glaucoma (LTG), were followed up for the further course of IOP. Of these, 25 eyes showed an increment of IOP after one month to 6 years from the first visit, and the other 36 eyes did not for more than 4 years to 21 years. Follow-up for at least one year is necessary to confirm the diagnosis of POAG. In order to predict the increment of IOP in the subjects with normal IOP and glaucomatous field defects, the ratio Po/C after drinking water is the most sensitive examination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Resection of metastatic pulmonary lesion of osteosarcoma extended into the left atrium and ventricle via the pulmonary vein].

A 35-year-old woman had underwent an amputation of the right hemimandibula for an osteosarcoma. Twenty months after the operation, she was admitted to our hospital with complaints of syncope. On chest computed tomography and echocardiography, an atrial tumor was disclosed, which extended from the lesion of the left pulmonary lower lobe. This tumor intravascularly developed through the left inferior pulmonary vein. The intracardiac tumor was resected through left atriotomy under cardiopulmonary bypass, and immediately after weaning of bypass left lower lobe was resected. On pathological study the tumor was diagnosed as metastasis of osteosarcoma. Despite postoperative chemotherapy including CDDP, she died of metastasis in pulmonary, adrenal gland and liver 12 months after the second operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Preoperative portal embolization increases safety of hepatectomy].

Postoperative liver failure following major hepatectomy is a frightened complication. In order to increase safety of major hepatectomy, a study evaluating preoperative portal embolization (PE) was performed. Between 1983 and 1990, PE was performed in 71 patients (41 with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 8 with other liver tumors, and 22 with biliary carcinoma), in 63 cases to the main branch, prior to hepatectomy. Out of these 63 patients 42 (extended) hemihepatectomies were performed. For comparison 77 patients with the same extent of hepatectomy, but without PE, were studied. Liver volume was evaluated by CT examination. Portal venous pressure was elevated by 73 mmH2O just after embolization of the main portal branch. However, no complications were associated to the PE procedure except for temporary elevation of transaminases. Volume of the unembolized lobe increased by 8.8% in average following PE. Prominent volume gain was observed in the patients with prior arterial embolization and long observation period. In patients with PE prior to major hepatectomy, postoperative bilirubin values were significantly lower (p less than 0.01). In the group with PE, no fulminant liver failure was seen and no operative mortality was encountered, as compared to 11.7% (9/77) in the control group. Preoperatively performed PE was a safe procedure decreasing postoperative liver failure and mortality.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Malignant transformation of adenomatous hyperplasia to hepatocellular carcinoma.

To clarify the course of adenomatous hyperplasia (AH) of the liver, 17 patients with 20 biopsy-proven AH nodules were followed clinically for 1-5 years. At the initial biopsy the mean nodular diameter was 10 (SD 4) mm and the relative cellularity [( mean cellularity of AH divided by mean parenchymal cellularity] x 100) 141 (27). The criteria for diagnosis of malignant transformation of AH were both a doubling of nodular volume and changes on imaging. Between 6 and 50 months after biopsy, 9 of the 18 nodules which could still be accurately identified met the criteria for transformation; histological proof of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was obtained later for 7 of these 9 nodules. The product of diameter and cellularity (transformation index) was the strongest predictor of the time to transformation. 9 AH nodules did not undergo transformation--7 did not meet one or both criteria and 2 became undetectable by imaging. Because of the high risk of malignant transformation, it can be concluded that AH is an absolute precursor of HCC. It should therefore be treated as a potential malignant disorder.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis: seroepidemiology of coxsackievirus A24 variant and enterovirus 70 in Singapore.

Epidemics of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by a variant of coxsackievirus A24 (CA24v) and enterovirus 70 (EV70) have occurred periodically in Singapore. A seroepidemiological survey conducted before the CA24v epidemic in 1985 and in the midst of the EV70 epidemic in 1983 showed a neutralising antibody prevalence (greater than or equal to 1:4) of 19.1% and 66.9% to CA24v and EV70, respectively. The seropositivity rate to both viruses was highest in children 10-14 years of age, but no sex or ethnic difference was noted. It appears from the data that an epidemic could be triggered when the herd immunity of the population falls below a critical level. There was a significant correlation in seroprevalence between CA24v and EV70 (P = 7.75 x 10(-3).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Evolutionary study on the Coxsackievirus A 24 variant causing acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis by oligonucleotide mapping analysis of RNA genome.

The evolution of the variant of Coxsackievirus A 24 (CA 24 v) which causes acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis was explored. Using 15 isolates obtained from Southeast Asia during the period 1970-1986, the genetic distance between isolates was estimated from pairwise comparison of nucleotide changes deduced from common spots on oligonucleotide maps of the isolates. From regression analysis of the genetic distance and the time of isolation of the isolates, the evolutionary rate of CA 24 v was estimated to be 3.44 x 10(-4)/nucleotide/month. The phylogenetic relationship of these isolates was explored using the neighbor-joining method and the modified unweighted pair group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA). The phylogenetic tree constructed indicates that CA 24 v appeared from one focal place in July 1968 +/- 25 months, very close to the time of the first world epidemic of, then newly recognized, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis.

Asia, Southeastern↗