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Biomedical subjects

S Yamaguchi

Publications and source records attributed to S Yamaguchi.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Pharmacokinetic study in biochemical modulation therapy of UFT with leucovorin tablet].

Preoperative oral treatment with UFT and leucovorin tablet was performed. Pharmacokinetics, degree of degeneration in the tumor tissue and side effects were studied in 34 patients with colorectal cancer preoperatively given 400 mg/day of UFT with 20 mg/day of leucovorin tablet or 400 mg/day of UFT alone. Results were as follows; 1) there was no significant difference between UFTL group and UFT group regarding concentration of FdUMP in the tumor tissue. In UFTL group, concentration of FdUMP was higher in the tumor tissue of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma than that of well differentiated adenocarcinoma. No significant differences regarding concentration of FdUMP were obtained between diploid and aneuploid groups. 2) TS inhibition rate in the tumor tissue was 66.8% in UFTL group and 53.2% in UFT group, and there was a significant difference between these two groups. TS inhibition rate in the tumor tissue was higher than that in the normal tissue either in UFTL group or UFT group. However, there were no significant differences of TS inhibition rates regarding differentiation of tumor tissue or DNA ploidy pattern. 3) Degree of degeneration of more than Grade 2 was not obtained in any patients of either UFTL or UFT group. 4) There was no change in blood laboratory data between before and after medication. Only one patient complained Grade 1 pruritus in UFTL group. These results suggest that oral biochemical modulation therapy of UFT with leucovorin tablet is effective because of pharmacokinetically high anti-tumor effect and minimal side effects.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

[Clinical effects of carmofur (Mifurol) on advanced and recurrent breast cancer in a cooperative study. Research association for re-evaluation of direct effects of Mifurol on breast cancer].

The direct effect and safety of carmofur (Mifurol) in cases of advanced and recurrent breast cancer were evaluated as a cooperative study at twenty-two facilities nationwide. Carmofur 12 mg/kg/day within the maximum daily dose of 600 mg was administered orally for eight weeks or longer. Of 42 patients registered for the study, 38 met the eligibility criterial (qualified patients), of whom 31 completed all tests for evaluation (completely qualified patients). The response rates were 18.4% with the qualified patients (PR, 7; Long NC, 3; NC, 11; PD, 12; NE, 5; ie, 7/38), and 22.6% with the completely qualified patients (PR, 7; Long NC, 2; NC, 10; PD, 12; ie, 7/31). The interval before the onset of PR after administration of carmofur was started was a minimum 29 days, a maximum 190 days and a median 82 days. Side effects were observed in eighteen patients (42.9%). Frequent micturition, loss of appetite, dizziness or feverish feeling were major symptoms, but none were serious.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1995

[Fall in the elderly and periventricular hyperintensity].

To investigate the relationship between brain white-matter changes and incidences of falling in the elderly, we studied periventricular hyperintensity (PVH) on brain MRI and history of falling in 73 neurologically normal elderly people. They were divided into 3 groups: group I; 9 prone to falling (mean ages 79 years), group II; 16 who felt mild gait disturbance without falling (75), group III; 48 asymptomatic controls (76). We evaluated white-matter changes as the sum of the length of PVH at 4 and 8 measuring points. Cognitive function and body sway were also evaluated. The frontal PVH was significantly larger in the group I than in the other two groups. Group I showed significantly lower Kohs' IQ than those in the other two groups. There was no difference in body sway among the groups. These results suggests that the propensity to falling in the elderly may be an initial symptom of frontal white-matter changes.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1995

Effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on the healing and recurrence of peptic ulcer: combination therapy with low-dose omeprazole and clarithromycin.

AIM: To investigate the effect of eradication of Helicobacter pylori using combination therapy with low-dose omeprazole and clarithromycin on the healing and recurrence of peptide ulcers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 60 patients with active duodenal ulcers and 60 with gastric ulcers who were H. pylori-positive by the rapid urease test and a histological examination of antral biopsy specimens. The eradication method used was a combination of omeprazole (20 mg a day) and clarithromycin (400 mg twice a day). The patients were followed up for 24 months after the end of the treatment. H. pylori infection and the ulcer stage were investigated by endoscopy every 6 months. We assessed the relationship between H. pylori infection, ulcer healing to a white scar and ulcer recurrence after combination therapy. RESULTS: H. pylori was eradicated in 23 out of 120 patients (22%), with suppression in 101 out of 120 patients (84%). The rate of ulcer healing to a white scar 6 months after treatment was significantly higher and the ulcer recurrence rate within 2 years after treatment was significantly lower in patients with H. pylori suppression or eradication than in those continuously positive for the organism. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that not only the eradication but also the suppression of H. pylori may improve ulcer healing and reduce the rate of relapse.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Anesthetic management of Nd-YAG laser surgery in the airway using a larengeal mask].

We used a laryngeal mask for Nd-YAG laser operations of airway stenosis due to tracheal granulation, broncheal granulation and subglottic tumor. Anesthesia was induced with inhalation of N2O-O2-sevoflurane in two cases and intravenous thiopental in one case. The laryngeal mask was inserted with intravenous injection of vecuronium. Anesthesia was maintained with N2O-O2-sevoflurane with intermittent positive pressure ventilation. Laryngeal mask airway was stable with respect to circulation and respiration during Nd-YAG laser irradiation. Ignition of a laryngeal mask caused by Nd-YAG laser is much less common compared to that of a tracheal tube with cuff. Therefore, we recommend to use laryngeal mask airway for Nd-YAG laser operation of airway stenosis because of much less danger of ignition and because it keeps good cardiovascular and respiratory conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Anesthetic management of a patient with congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation].

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) is a rare disease that is diagnosed by severe respiratory dysfunction from birth. A 5-day-old-boy with CCAM underwent removal of a large cyst which was present at lower lobe of right lung. Anesthesia was induced slowly and maintained with oxygen and sevoflurane. Severe airway obstruction occurred transiently by the secretion from the lung cyst. Thereafter, the surgery was completed safely and his postoperative course was uneventful. Perioperative anesthetic management of the patient with CCAM is also discussed.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1995

[Pulmonary function and the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome].

We studied the relationships between results of pulmonary-function tests and sleep-induced respiratory disorders in men with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Pulmonary-function tests were done in 23 men with OSAS and in 9 men without OSAS who were matched for age and body mass index. Tests were done both in sitting and in supine positions. For both positions, results of pulmonary-function tests did not differ between the OSAS and the non-OSAS groups. In both groups, %TLC, %FRC, PaO2, and V25/Ht were lower while supine than while sitting, and CC/FRC was higher. In both positions, CC/FRC was significantly and positively correlated with apnea index and with 4% desaturation time. Body mass index was not correlated with apnea index or with 4% desaturation time. These findings suggest that low lung volume and peripheral airway closure contribute to sleep-induced respiratory disorders in men with OSAS, regardless of the body mass index.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[A case of Lissauer's general paresis with left hemisphere dominant brain atrophy and leuko-araiosis in the deep white matter on MRI].

A 38-year-old man presented with personality change, postural tremor of the right arm and leg, and right hemidysesthesia. MR imaging (MRI) revealed left hemisphere dominant brain atrophy and leuko-araiosis in the deep white matter. Serological test of serum and cerebrospinal fluid demonstrated high titers of antibodies to Treponema pallidum. He was diagnosed as Lissauer's general paresis based on the clinical symptoms and signs, and MRI findings. This disorder is characterized by focal cerebral atrophy, corresponding to focal neurologic signs. Neuropathological features in Lissauer's general paresis are spongiform atrophy of the cerebral cortex and demyelination of the white matter. Leuko-araiosis on MRI in our case may represent demyelination of the white matter. Although MRI findings in general paresis are usually nonspecific, this is, as far as we know the first case report of general paresis with MRI showing focal cerebral atrophy and leuko-araiosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Determination of 8-methyl ether of xanthurenic acid in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography.

We developed a simple and sensitive assay for the urinary 8-methyl ether of xanthurenic acid (XA-OMe) by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (excitation at 340 nm; emission at 450 nm). Urine samples were diluted with 0.03 M potassium phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) and applied to an octadecylsilane-bonded column (Nucleosil 5C18, 150 x 4 mm I.D.). The mobile phase used was a mixture of this same buffer and acetonitrile (1000:140, v/v). Both direct injection of urine and solvent extraction prior to HPLC were tested and showed a good correlation and sensitivity, although the peak of XA-OMe was occasionally less distinguishable from close peaks in urine from normal controls by the direct injection method. The quantification limit was 5 x 10(-14) mol which was sensitive enough to detect XA-OMe in urine from normal subjects. The method was applied to samples from patients with a deficiency in tryptophan catabolism, xanthurenic acid/3-hydroxykynurenine-uria and showed a striking elevation in urinary XA-OMe excretion.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1994

Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of complementary DNA for human hepatic cytosolic acetoacetyl-coenzyme A thiolase.

Complementary DNA for human cytosolic acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (CT) was cloned with the use of anti-[human CT] antibody. The human CT cDNA clone (HCT10) has a 1479-bp insert and a 1191-base open reading frame encoding 397 amino acid residues. Partial polypeptide sequences from purified human CT were present in the deduced sequence. In vivo expression analysis showed that HCT10 encoded potassium-ion non-activated acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase with no 3-ketooctanoyl-CoA thiolase activity, which is characteristic for CT. The deduced amino acid sequence has a 34-57% homology with 4 other human thiolases and 4 acetoacetyl-CoA thiolases of microorganisms.

Acetyl-CoA C-Acetyltransferase↗
PubMed1994

Primary defect of juvenile visceral steatosis (jvs) mouse with systemic carnitine deficiency is probably in renal carnitine transport system.

We investigated the reabsorptional system for carnitine in the kidney to elucidate the mechanism of carnitine deficiency in juvenile visceral steatosis (jvs) mice. Jvs mice had a higher rate of carnitine excretion at 10 days after birth than the controls, in spite of having no pathological acylcarnitine excretion in the urine. In an experiment to assay the uptake of carnitine using kidney slices, homozygous mutants showed significantly lower rates of Na-dependent carnitine uptake than controls. Heterozygous mice showed values of transport activity intermediate between homozygous mutants and homozygous controls. Scatchard plots (transport activity versus transport activity/carnitine concentration) revealed that the homozygous mutants had a defect in the high affinity site (Km = 58 microM) in the Na-dependent carnitine transport system in the kidney. These results indicate that the primary defect of jvs mice is most probably related to the system for reabsorption of carnitine in the kidney.

Absorption↗
PubMed1994

Multiple autoantibody production in a patient with splenic lymphoma.

We report on a patient with splenic lymphoma of B-cell origin who developed autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). IgM lambda M-protein, IgM anticardiolipin antibody (ACA), and lupus anticoagulant (LA) were detected in the serum, and direct Coombs' test showed autoantibodies of the IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses on red blood cells (RBC). In in vitro culture, tumor cells isolated from the spleen produced only IgM ACA, which was enhanced by IL-6 but not by IL-4 or IL-5. The levels of ACA and LA decreased after splenectomy and chemotherapy; the strength of the direct Coombs' test, however, did not change. These findings indicated that in this patient the lymphoma cells produced IgM lambda ACA, but not autoantibodies of the IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses against RBC. It was also suggested that IL-6 might at least partially stimulate the production of ACA.

Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune↗
PubMed1994

Olivopontocerebellar atrophy studied by positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

We examined 9 patients with olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) using positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism were compared with the findings in 10 normal age-matched volunteers. The volumes of the basis pontis and the cerebellar hemispheres were quantitated by MRI to assess the relationship between morphological changes of the pons or cerebellum and the cerebellar circulation and metabolism. In the patients with OPCA, cerebellar hemispheric blood flow and oxygen metabolism were significantly lower than in the normal volunteers. Pontine volume showed a significant correlation with the cerebellar blood flow and the metabolic rate of oxygen. In contrast, the cerebellar hemispheric volume showed no correlation with either of these parameters. Our results suggest that the disruption of pontocerebellar pathway may contribute to the reduction of both blood flow and oxygen metabolism in the cerebellum of OPCA and that detection of cerebellar circulatory impairment without marked cerebellar atrophy by neuroimaging may be suggestive of OPCA.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

DNA fingerprint analysis of Dahl-Iwai salt-sensitive rats (S) and salt-resistant rats (R).

Using DNA fingerprint analyses, extensive molecular heterogeneity has been found between spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), suggesting a doubtful value of simply comparing these rats in the study of the pathogenesis of genetic hypertension. Therefore, we evaluated the genetic similarity between Dahl salt-sensitive and salt-resistant rats newly inbred by Dr.Iwai (Dahl-Iwai S and R rats), by use of DNA fingerprint analysis. Fingerprint patterns were generated by probing Hinf I- or Alu I-digested DNA with an oligonucleotide corresponded to the tandem repeat sequence of the human myoglobin 33.6 minisatellite. These fingerprint patterns were same within each strain. S and R rts shared 82 percent of the bands in Hinf I-digested DNA and 93 percent of those in Alu I-digested DNA. Although Dahl-Iwai S and R rats are more closely related than SHR and WKY rats, multiple genetic differences still exist between these Dahl strains.

Animals↗