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Biomedical subjects

S Yamaguchi

Publications and source records attributed to S Yamaguchi.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Lungworm, Filaroides osleri, infection in a dog in Japan.

A 7-month-old male Pomeranian had severe dyspnea for 2 weeks. The lateral bronchogram showed a stenosis of the trachea. Inspite of supportive therapy including supplemental oxygen, the dog died 5 days later. Six pedunculated nodules were recognized in the mucosal surface of the trachea at necropsy. The tracheal nodules were histopathologically granuloma characterized by many coiled parasites containing a little collagen fibers, lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages. Female parasites had a lot of embryonated eggs in the uterus. Immature worms were observed in the dilated lymph vessels of bronchial and bronchiolar wall in the lungs. The worms were identified as Filaroides osleri based on the parasitological examinations.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Eosinophil activation in patients with pulmonary fibrosis.

The eosinophil count and concentrations of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), pulmonary fibrosis associated with a collagen vascular disorder (PF-CVD), sarcoidosis, and healthy controls. The patients with IPF and PF-CVD showed significant increased eosinophil count and ECP levels in BALF compared with the controls. When the patients with IPF and PF-CVD were subclassified into chronic stable, progressive, and acute progressive subgroups in accordance with the observed progression of pulmonary dysfunction during the preceding 3- to 6-month period, those in the acute progressive subgroup showed significantly elevated recovered eosinophil count and ECP level, as well as recovered lymphocyte count and total protein, albumin, and type III procollagen aminoterminal peptide-related antigens (pIIIp) in BALF, compared with either of the other two subgroups. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that, among these variables, only ECP and pIIIp significantly contributed to discrimination among the three subgroups differing in disease activity. These findings suggest that eosinophils are involved in the inflammatory process in pulmonary fibrosis and that the released ECP and other cytotoxic eosinophil products may contribute to the lung injury and development of fibrosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Effect of prone position on apnea severity in obstructive sleep apnea.

We describe a patient with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) whose apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) improved remarkably in the prone position accompanied by an improved sleep quality, despite a higher AHI in the supine position and even in the lateral position. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed the most dilated upper airway in the prone position, which suggests the role of anatomical narrowing of the upper airway as an important component in the pathophysiology of positional apnea patients. Further studies are needed to determine the therapeutic efficacy of a prone sleeping position in patients with OSA.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

IL-5 predominant in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood in a patient with acute eosinophilic pneumonia.

We describe an acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) patient with bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Eosinophil cell number (47%), content of interleukin (IL)-5 (8.22 x 10(2) pg/ml) and eosinophil cationic protein (9.25 micrograms/ml) were high in BALF. No eosinophilia was seen in peripheral blood on admission; however, content of IL-5 was 9.47 x 10(2) pg/ml. After methylprednisolone pulse therapy, he improved rapidly with a reduction in eosinophil cell number (7%) and the content of IL-5 (< 100 pg/ml) in BALF. However, a high content of IL-5 (6.9 x 10(2) pg/ml) and transient eosinophilia (17.5%) were seen in peripheral blood. It is important to distinguish between AEP and infectious pneumonia, because of the differing treatments. If the diagnosis of AEP is doubtful, BALF should be performed early.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

[Subtraction cloning of growth arrest inducible genes in normal human epithelial cells].

The purpose of this study was to investigate molecular mechanisms of growth arrest of normal human epithelium. By using a primary outgrowth culture system of normal human ectocervical epithelial cells which undergo density arrest, several known genes and 3 unknown genes, whose expression is induced during growth arrest, were identified. In this report, we characterized one of these novel growth arrest inducible genes, clone 6A1. The size of 6A1 transcript was 1.3 Kb, and the isolated clone was 1,356 bp long and had a putative open reading frame that encodes 309 amino acids (34 Kd), which was consistent with the results of in vitro transcription-translation. In normal human epithelial cells contact inhibition dramatically induced 6A1 expression but serum starvation induced little. And the expression of 6A1 was transiently induced in the early phase of growth arrest. In contrast to normal epithelial cells, normal fibroblast and 2 out of 4 carcinoma cell lines expressed little or no 6A1 mRNA either during contact inhibition or during serum starvation. These results suggested that 6A1 may be important in contact inhibition of normal epithelial cells and loss of its expression may play a role in tumorigenesis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

[Study of "Bishu Yakuen Ransho-Roku (the origin of herb garden in Owari Clan)].

"Bishu Yakuen Ransho-Roku (The origin of herb garden in Owari Clan)" is in the possession of the Institution of Tokugawa Rinseishi in Tokyo. This paper was written about the origin of the herb garden established by Mr. Shinken Mimura, an herbalist in the Owari clan between 1735 and 1746. Mr. Shinken Mimura cultivated ginseng by according to the guide issued by the shogunate, but he found the methods unsuitable. Therefore, he made efforts to improve the cultivation of ginseng. As a result, he succeeded in the cultivation of good ginseng. He had contributed to the development of the production of ginseng in the Owari clan. He write this document so that his methods could be handed down for posterity. This document has two parts: one is the growth of ginseng in the form of a diary and the other is the conditions of cultivation as to seeding, fertilization, the counter-measures for damage due to blight and insects, and so on.

History, 18th Century↗
PubMed1995

[Autotopagnosia ameliorated by looking at the image reflected in a mirror].

A 52-year-old right-handed man presented progressive dystonia and apraxia of his right hand of five years' duration. He also suffered from parkinsonian features such as rigidity or impaired postural reflexes. Serial investigation of brain MRI revealed progressive cerebral atrophy, which started in the left parietal lobe, and subsequently extended to both hemispheres. He was clinically diagnosed as corticobasal degeneration. He could not point at any part of his own body in response to verbal or visual commands. On the other hand, he could point at every part of the examiner's body or of the illustrated body image. Deep sensations and linguistic functions were not involved. This cognitive impairment was regarded as autotopagnosia. In contrast with inability to recognize any part of the own body in response to the commands, he could name every part of his body as soon as the examiner touched there. Moreover, his symptoms of autotopagnosia were ameliorated by looking at himself in a mirror; he could point at any part of his own body. Disconnection between primary proprioceptive sensory area and the center of body schema was thought to be the mechanism of autotopagnosia in this patient, because the impairment improved with the aid of visual or tactile informations. We speculated the lesion was the left parietal lobe.

Agnosia↗
PubMed1995

[Comparison of blood pressures measured directly at the radial and dorsalis pedis arteries during epidural anesthesia].

Differences of blood pressures measured directly at the radial and dorsalis pedis arteries were compared in relation to the sites of the epidural puncture. Epidural catheters were inserted at C7-Th9 in the upper (U) group (n = 7), and at L1-4 in lower (L) group (n = 7). In the awake, unanesthetized state, the systolic, mean and diastolic radial-to-dorsal pressure differences (DR-D) were -21.9 +/- 11.0 mmHg (mean +/- SD), 0.9 +/- 1.1 mmHg and 2.1 +/- 2.1 mmHg respectively. Following epidural infusion of mepivacaine, the DR-D values shifted to the negative direction in the U group, and to the positive direction in the L group. Epidural anesthesia had little effect on the DR-D changes during general anesthesia; however, it affected significantly the mean pressure DR-D as well as the systolic pressure DR-D during the periods of preinduction and postemergence. The maximum change in systolic pressure DR-D values was from -19.4 to -36.3 mmHg in a patient of the U group and from -15.6 to 45.4 mmHg in a patient of the L group. The maximum change in mean pressure DR-D values was from 0.0 to -7.4 mmHg in the U group and from 2.1 to 18.3 mmHg in the L group. The DR-D values had significant negative correlations with the deep temperature (palm to sole) differences; the correlation coefficients were: systolic, r = -0.50; mean, r = -0.50; and diastolic, r = -0.41. These results demonstrated that epidural anesthesia changed the physiological central-to-peripheral pressure gradients, probably by influencing the regional peripheral vascular resistance.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis induced by dust from an automatic bed cleaner].

A 49-year-old woman used an automatic bed cleaner on October 18, 1990. Eight hours later, she was admitted to a hospital complaining of coughing and fever. The chest X-ray film showed small granular shadows in both lower lung fields. After a few days of antibiotic therapy, these symptoms had disappeared. She used the bed cleaner again on the afternoon of November 15, 1990. The next day, she was admitted to our hospital because of coughing and fever. An environmental provocation test with the bed cleaner induced the same symptoms. Dust from the bed cleaner stimulated her lymphocytes. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis from the dust of a bed cleaner was diagnosed.

Allergens↗
PubMed1995

[The effect of takusha and kagosou on calcium oxalate renal stones in rats].

We examined the inhibitory effect of the two Kampo medicines, takusha and kagosou on the formation of calcium oxalate renal stones induced by ethylene glycol (EG) and 1 alpha(OH)D3 (1 alpha-D3) in rats. Wistar strain rats were divided into 4 groups (A: normal control, B: stone, C: kagosou, D: takusya). There was no significant difference in urinary calcium excretion or oxalate excretion between the stone group and kampo medicine groups. The calcium content of the kidneys was significantly lower in the takusha group than in the other two groups (Stone group and kagosou group). Takusha was effective in preventing oxalate stone formation in rats. Kagosou, which had strong inhibitory effect on calcium oxalate crystal growth and aggregation in vitro as well as takusha, was not effective against in vivo calcium oxalate stone formation in rats. These findings suggest that takusha prevents the formation of calcium oxalate stone by inhibiting calcium oxalate crystal growth and aggregation.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[A case of chronic pancreatitis with eosinophilic pleural effusion].

A 48-year-old man was admitted for the evaluation of a massive left pleural effusion. Thoracenthesis yielded a bloody excudate with a high percentage of eosinophils (27%) and high values of pancreatic enzymes (amylase 16,000 Somogyi, Elastase 35,000 ng/dl, Lipase 12,800 U/l, Trypsin 77,000 ng/ml). The amylase isozyme of the exudate was 100% pancreatic-type fraction. The blood showed no eosinophilia (4%). A computed tomographic scan and magnetic resonance image of the abdomen revealed a pancreatic pseudocyst in contact with the diaphragm, and thrombi in the inferior vena cava and the splenic vein. After pancreatic cystectomy and splenectomy, the pleural effusion resolved rapidly. Eosinophilic pleural effusion has been reported as a complication of several disorders: pneumonia, lung carcinoma, pulmonary tuberculosis, and pulmonary infarction. However, we know of no previous report of eosinophilic pleural effusion with pancreatitis. In this case, it is interesting that the massive eosinophilic pleural effusion associated with chronic pancreatitis resolved immediately after the operation, and the patient was discharged.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1995

Cloning of human very-long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase and molecular characterization of its deficiency in two patients.

Two overlapping cDNA clones (1,991 bp and 736 bp, respectively) encoding the precursor of human mitochondrial very-long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (VLCAD) were cloned and sequenced. The cDNA inserts of these clones together encompass a region of 2,177 bases, encoding the entire protein of 655 amino acids, including a 40-amino acid leader peptide and a 615-amino acid mature polypeptide. PCR-amplified VLCAD cDNAs were sequenced in cultured fibroblasts from two VLCAD-deficient patients. In both patients, a 105-bp deletion encompassing bases 1078-1182 in VLCAD cDNA was identified. The deletion seems to occur due to exon skipping during processing of VLCAD pre-mRNA. This is the first demonstration of a mutation causing VLCAD deficiency. Quantitative cDNA expression of normal human VLCAD was performed in the patients' fibroblasts, using vaccinia viral system, which demonstrated that the deficiency of the normal VLCAD protein causes impaired long-chain fatty acid beta-oxidation activity in the patients' fibroblasts. In patient fibroblasts, raising VLCAD activity to approximately 20% of normal control fibroblast activity raised palmitic acid beta-oxidation flux to the level found in control fibroblasts, which may offer important information for the rational design of future somatic gene therapy for VLCAD deficiency.

Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase, Long-Chain↗
PubMed1995

[Relationship between impaired blood pressure control and multiple system involvement in chronic alcoholics].

Chronic ethyl alcohol (ethanol) abuse is associated with different types of neurological involvement. Impaired blood pressure control such as in hypertension and/or orthostatic hypotension is a known autonomic dysfunction in chronic alcoholics. Although abstinence appears to improve blood pressure, the precise mechanisms underlying the effects of alcohol remain unknown. We suspected that abnormal blood pressure might influence the outcome of alcohol-related neurological symptoms. We therefore reviewed the alcohol history of 28 male patients admitted to our hospital with multiple system involvement. No family history of spinocerebellar degeneration was found. All of the patients had a history of chronic alcohol abuse. The duration of alcohol abuse in 28 patients was 28.8 + 11.2 yrs. Daily ethanol consumption was less than 83 ml in 6 patients between 83 ml and 138 ml in 11 and more than 138 ml in 11. We assessed the relationship between impaired blood pressure control, clinical characteristics, and outcome after abstinence for a period ranging from 30 days to 6 years in 22 chronic alcoholics who had drunk more than 83 ml/day. All of the patients had various types of autonomic dysfunction, and a high incidence of impaired blood pressure control and decreased CVR-R were noted. The symptoms improved or even completely resolved after cessation of alcohol consumption, however, 8 of the 22 patients in our study reached a plateau and have permanent symptoms. Patients with no improvement as a result of abstinence had a long history of excessive drinking. Brain CT/MRI, SPECT and P300 studies were conducted. SPECT and P300 were performed in both the supine and standing position in 5 and 7 patients, respectively. Five patients who had severe orthostatic hypotension with syncope were found to have cerebrovascular lesions on MRI. Changes in P300 amplitude and/or distribution and latency were noted after a fall in blood pressure. Although the etiology of impaired blood pressure control in alcoholics remains unknown, we believe that abnormal blood pressure affects the outcome of alcohol-related neurological symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[A case of abducens nerve palsy after whiplash injury].

We report a patient who developed abducens nerve palsy after whiplash injury. The patient was a 61-year-old man who was involved in a traffic accident on May 15, 1993. After the accident, he developed severe neck pain. Four days later, he still had neck pain and vertigo. On the fifth day after the accident, he noted diplopia on left gaze and visited our hospital. Neurologic examination revealed an isolated abduction deficit of the left eye. Head magnetic resonance imaging and angiography showed no abnormal findings. Ten days later, the ocular movements of the patient were full and the diplopia disappeared. About two months later, his neck pain and vertigo also resolved. In this patient, the abducens nerve palsy was caused by whiplash injury and was in full recovery.

Abducens Nerve↗
PubMed1995

[In vivo visualization of neurotransmitter function in the human brain by PET].

Measurement of cerebral blood flow and energy metabolism using PET with 15O and 18F labeled tracers allows quantitative evaluation of cerebral metabolism that can be perturbed in pathological states. Neurotransmission is a new target that is visualized by labeling of substrates of enzymes that are involved in neurotransmitter synthesis or degradation. Neuronal receptors are mapped by introducing the labeled ligands that are specifically bound to the receptors in question. We developed unique tracers that label dopamine D2 or histamine H1 receptors. With other available ligands for the muscarinic cholinergic receptors and [18F] fluorodopa, we started clinical investigations to document the state of neurotransmission in patients with epilepsy, Parkinson's disease and dementia. Using [11C] doxepin we observed an increase of H1 receptors in the epileptic foci that showed decreased glucose metabolic rate at the interictal phase. This phenomenon is compatible with reported increase of mu opiate receptors in the brains of epileptic patients. Brain uptake of FDOPA (Ki), calculated by the graphical plot was found relatively stable with age both in the normal population and dementia patients. However, the striatal Ki of FDOPA of severely demented patients significantly reduced, compared with the normal aged subjects. The correlation analysis between FDOPA Ki and severity of dementia as assessed by mini-mental state examination revealed a significant reduction of Ki associated with the disease progression. Increase in D2 receptor density as assessed by the uptake of YM 09151-2 was observed in cases with reduced FDOPA uptake, which may correspond to the state of supersensitivity of the D2 receptors.

Brain↗
PubMed1995

[A case of post-biopsy arterio-venous fistula in a renal allograft].

We report here a case of post-biopsy arterio-venous fistula in a renal allograft which was successfully embolized. Percutaneous needle biopsy of renal allograft is performed when the cause of deteriorating renal function is clinically difficult to diagnose, and the pathological diagnosis obtained by it determines the therapy. An easy and safe biopsy encourages the clinician, but some complications occur after the procedure. Arterio-venous fistula is one of the complications after percutaneous needle biopsy of renal allograft. Color-coded ultrasonography is effective to find it, and transarterial embolization should be tried first to treat it.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Anomaly of the ulnar artery arising from the brachial artery.

A high origin of the ulnar artery was encountered in the body of an 87-year-old Japanese man in the course of normal anatomic dissection at Nara Medical University. The left ulnar artery originated from the brachial artery at the height of the left inferior angle of the left scapula and passed medially to the brachial artery and the median nerve. In the forearm, the ulnar artery passed deep to the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. Thereafter, the two branches from the ulnar artery contributed to form the superficial and deep palmar arterial arches. The left brachial artery was divided into two terminal branches of the radial and common interosseous arteries.

Aged↗