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Biomedical subjects

S Y Lin

Publications and source records attributed to S Y Lin.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Oblique sliding metatarsal osteotomy for pressure metatarsalgia.

The transverse arch of the foot is formed by metatarsals which heads lie in a straight line to endure most of the loading of the forefoot. Malalignment of one or more metatarsal heads will result in increased loading and produce local tender plantar callosity. The treatment of pressure metatarsalgia must aim for it's pathomechanic cause, that is, hyper-extension of metatarsophalangeal joint. We have modified the distal metatarsal osteotomy to treat 40 toes in 22 cases. Follow up for an average of 21.3 months (ranging from 18 months to 31 months) indicated 19 cases (86.4%) with satisfactory results. The 3 cases with unsatisfied results were all due to early removal of the pin. Maximum oblige sloping of the osteotomy makes the osteotomy slide more easily and ensures union. Intramedullary pinning and early weight bearing maintain the osteotomic alignment, prevent foot stiffness and allow the distal fragment telescopes to be adequately positioned to prevent over correction which leads to transfer lesion. Compared to other methods, modified metatarsal osteotomy is less invasive, preserves natural structure, is easily performed and easy cared for which leads to effective and stable results.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Comparisons of different animal skins with human skin in drug percutaneous penetration studies.

The in vitro penetration of theophylline, sodium diclofenac and benzoic acid through artificial cellulose membrane and eight animal skins was investigated. The intact animal skins including stratum corneum (SC) and viable epidermis were taken from frog, snake with or without scales, nude mice, Sprague-Dawley rat, porcine and human prepuce and thigh skin. The results indicated that the penetration was fastest through cellulose membrane and frog skin and slowest through human prepuce and thigh skin. The snake skin with scales slowed down the penetration rate more significantly than the scaled skin. Benzoic acid was the fastest penetrant through all animal skins. The permeable behaviors of sodium diclofenac through SC and intact skin of snake, porcine and human were compared. In porcine, sodium diclofenac penetrated through SC at a rate 33 times higher than through intact skin, but in snake and human skin, the rate through SC was only 2.2 and 1.6 times higher than through intact ones. This implies that both viable epidermis and SC were the major rate limiting barriers in drug penetration. DSC thermograms and IR spectra showed that the SC of snake, porcine and human thigh were very similar in structure and components. The study suggests that snake skin, porcine skin and human prepuce skin could replace the human skin in in vitro drug penetration experiments.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Extragonadal and poor risk nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. Survival and prognostic features.

One hundred forty-nine patients with poor risk nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT) treated between 1975 and 1988 were studied. Patients were considered poor risk if they had an extragonadal primary site or testicular NSGCT with low predicted probability of achieving a complete response (CR). Primary sites were the testis (99 patients), retroperitoneum (18 patients), and mediastinum (32 patients). Patients with mediastinal NSGCT had lower human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) (P less than 0.0001) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels (P less than 0.0001), and more frequent yolk sac elements (P = 0.002). CR rates were 38% for mediastinal, 61% for retroperitoneal, and 38% for testicular primary sites. Mediastinal NSGCT patients more frequently required resection of residual malignancy to attain a CR (6 of 12). Mediastinal NSGCT had the worst event-free survival (P = 0.02). Cox regression analysis identified brain or liver metastases as the most important predictor of event-free survival in poor risk patients. Retroperitoneal NSGCT often have a poor outcome due to advanced presentation, but the likelihood of a CR to therapy can be predicted using criteria applicable to testicular primary tumors. Therefore, not all retroperitoneal NSGCT are poor risk, and retroperitoneal tumors are probably of occult testicular origin. Mediastinal NSGCT have distinct clinical and pathologic features, do not respond as well to chemotherapy, relapse more frequently, and have the worst survival. The likelihood of a CR cannot be predicted using criteria developed for primary testicular tumors, suggesting that mediastinal primary NSGCT is a distinct clinical entity.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

The effect of plasticizers on compatibility, mechanical properties, and adhesion strength of drug-free Eudragit E films.

The use of plasticizers to affect the properties of drug-free, self-adhesive Eudragit E-100 films with higher transparency was tested for possible transdermal drug delivery. Triacetin was found to be an effective first plasticizer for Eudragit E-100 polymer. In order to improve the flexibility and adhesiveness of Eudragit E-100 film plasticized with triacetin, a more flexible and adhesive, secondary plasticizer was added. Plasticizer-polymer compatibility was evaluated by measuring transparency, surface topography, and solubility. Secondary plasticizers with a low molecular weight and a solubility parameter similar to that of Eudragit E-100 polymer and triacetin were compatible. Further, a lower molecular weight or higher concentration of the secondary plasticizers might lead to greater plasticizing action, reduce tensile strength, and increase film elongation, independent of the hydrophilicity of the plasticizer. The adhesive strength of Eudragit E-100 film under a 180 degrees peel test was also affected by the molecular weight and solubility parameter of the secondary plasticizers used. The results indicate that PEG 200, propylene glycol, diethyl phthalate, and oleic acid can serve as a secondary plasticizer to improve the transparency, flexibility, and adhesion of Eudragit E-100 film.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1991

Tablet formulation study of spray-dried sodium diclofenac enteric-coated microcapsules.

Sodium diclofenac enteric-coated microcapsules were prepared by a spray-drying technique with Eudragit L 30D as enteric-coating material. The spray-dried powder, mixed with neocel or flo-starch, or the mixture of neocel and flo-starch (weight ratio, 1:1) was directly compressed into a tablet. The micromeritic properties of the spray-dried powder and the mixed powder for tableting were investigated. The flowability of the spray-dried powder was poor but improved after incorporating the excipients. The release rates of sodium diclofenac from the spray-dried powder, the mixed powder before tableting, and the tablets were determined in 0.1 N HCl solution, pH 6.8, phosphate buffer solution, distilled water, and pH-changed medium. The results indicated that the spray-dried powder, the mixed powder before tableting, and the tablets all exhibited enteric-coated release properties; these powders and tablets showed some resistance to stimulated gastric acid and then released drug more rapidly in pH 6.8 buffer solution. The weight ratio of neocel to flo-starch plays an important role in controlling the release of sodium diclofenac from enteric tablets. The 1:1 weight ratio of neocel to flo-starch was more suitable for designing the microdispersed sodium diclofenac enteric-coated tablets.

Acrylates↗
PubMed1991

Renal nerves and the natriuresis following unilateral renal exclusion in the rat.

Both acute unilateral nephrectomy (AUN) and acute ureteral pressure elevation (UPE) stimulate sodium excretion (UNaV) from the contralateral kidney, a response which in each case is interrupted by prior denervation of either kidney. Yet the natriuresis after AUN is known to be related to an increase in the plasma concentration of a gamma-melanocyte stimulating hormone (gamma-MSH)-like peptide. In anesthetized rats, sham AUN had no effect on contralateral UNaV, and plasma immunoreactive (IR) gamma-MSH concentration was 10.6 +/- 3.0 (SD) fmol/ml. In rats with intact renal innervation, UNaV more than doubled after AUN (P less than 0.001), and IR-gamma-MSH was increased to 14.9 +/- 4.6 fmol/ml (P less than 0.025). Unilateral renal denervation led to the expected increase in ipsilateral and decrease in contralateral UNaV, and neither sham AUN nor AUN of the denervated of innervated kidney influenced UNaV. In all three of these groups, IR-gamma-MSH concentration was reduced below the sham or post-AUN values seen in rats with innervated kidneys, to 4.9 +/- 3.3, 3.8 +/- 3.4, and 2.8 +/- 3.5 fmol/ml, respectively (P less than 0.001 for all). These results suggested that removal of renal afferent nerve input by renal denervation lowered basal IR-gamma-MSH activity and prevented the stimulated level normally seen after AUN. To examine the effect of stimulating afferent renal nerve activity, we carried out UPE, a maneuver known to increase ipsilateral afferent renal nerve traffic through activation of renal mechanoreceptors, as well as cause a natriuresis from the contralateral kidney.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effect of traditional Chinese herbal medicines on the pharmacokinetics of western drugs in SD rats of different ages. I. Aminophylline-Tin chuan Tang and aminophylline-Hsiao Ching Long Tang.

The effect of the traditional Chinese herbal medicines (Tin Chuan Tang and Hsiao Ching Long Tang) on the serum concentrations and pharmacokinetics of aminophylline was examined in three different ages of SD rats. Each traditional Chinese herbal medicine was orally preadministered to SD rats for one week and then aminophylline was administered intravenously. The serum concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters of theophylline were estimated by a two-compartment open model. The liver isolated after the last blood sampling was homogenized and the activity of hepatic cytochrome p-450 was determined. Significant difference was found in some pharmacokinetic parameters of theophylline such as K10, t 1/2, Cl and Vd for three different ages of SD rats without pretreatment with Chinese herbal drugs (p less than 0.05). However, pretreatment with Tin Chuan Tang or Hsiao Ching Long Tang did not affect the pharmacokinetic parameters of theophylline in three different ages of SD rats (p greater than 0.05). We also found that there was no correlation between age and activity of cytochrome p-450 of SD rats (p greater than 0.05). The decline in some pharmacokinetic parameters of theophylline in the elderly rats perhaps might be attributed to the decrease in hepatic blood flow and liver volume. It is concluded that there was no drug interaction between theophylline and Tin Chuan Tang or Hsiao Ching Long Tang in the different ages of SD rats.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Molecular cloning of cDNA of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome from a healthy carrier in an aboriginal community in Taiwan with high prevalence of HCV infection.

We analyzed hepatitis C virus (HCV) obtained from a healthy HCV carrier in an aboriginal community with high prevalence of HCV infection. By use of random primers and specific oligonucleotide primers, a cDNA fragment of putative non-structural 3 (NS3) region of the HCV genome was cloned by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using RNA extracted from a serum sample of a healthy HCV carrier in Taur-Yuan village. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences from the 583 nucleotides long cDNA were compared with those of equivalent region of HCV of other previously reported clones: [J1, HCV-J (regarded as major type of HCV in Japan) and US prototype]. They had 93.7% (546/583), 93.1% (543/583) and 80.4% (469/583) homology at the nucleotide level and 96.9% (188/194), 96.9% (188/194) and 91.8% (178/194) homology at the amino acid level, respectively. These results showed that HCV prevalent in an aboriginal community in Taiwan is more similar to Japanese type than to the US prototype.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) in different populations in Taiwan.

The prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) was investigated among different populations in Taiwan, where anti-HCV was detected in 0.8% (24/2,994) of adult volunteer blood donors, 0.1% (1/1,305) of youngsters and children, 12.5% (8/64) of adult volunteer blood donors with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT), 36.5% (23/63) of hemodialysis patients, 4.1% (13/318) of male homosexuals, 25.4% (16/63) of cases positive for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV), 82.2% (578/703) of intravenous drug users (IVDUs), and 10.3% (23/223) of female prostitutes (FPs). Among patients with chronic liver diseases including chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the overall prevalence rate for anti-HCV was 34.1% (42/123), and a higher prevalence was noted in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative cases than in HBsAg-positive cases. The prevalence of anti-HCV in volunteer blood donors and high prevalence found in IVDUs, hemodialysis patients, anti-HIV positive cases, and FPs are consistent with those results from other countries. These findings suggest that hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is transmitted by both blood-borne and sexual contact routes. Among flavivirus infections, anti-HCV was detected in 0.3% (1/289) and 1.3% (4/310) of Japanese encephalitis and dengue fever patients, respectively. In conclusion, in Taiwan, an area with high endemicity of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the epidemiological status of HCV infection is similar to that observed in other countries, and no serum cross-reactivity was noticed between HCV and flavivirus infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Imported case of malaria in Taiwan: analysis of 11 cases].

The "eradication of malaria" in Taiwan was announced by WHO in 1965. From 1966 to 1989, 919 malaria cases were detected in Taiwan. Of these cases, 803 were classified as imported malaria. During 1977 to 1989, our hospital collected 11 cases of imported malaria, 6 of Plasmodium falciparum (PF), including 1 suspicious case, 2 of Plasmodium vivax (PV), 1 of mixed infection (PF plus PV), and 2 unclassified. Most of the patients presented clinically with fever and chills. Hepatosplenomegaly was the most common abnormal finding during the physical examination. Jaundice and anemia occurred in the more severe cases. No cases had lymphadenopathy which is helpful in making a differential diagnosis. Six cases had thrombocytopenia which may be considered as an indirect sign in the diagnosis. The MCV levels were within normal limits in all of the cases. This may indirectly imply a potential protective effect against malaria infection in cases of congenital hemoglobinopathy such as thalassemia or G6PD deficiency. Initially, 10 cases were given "standard treatment", which consisted of chloroquine 450 mg qd for 2 days then 300 mg qd for 2 days and primaquine 15 mg qd for 2 weeks. Four cases of chloroquine resistance were encountered, all in cases with PF infection. Two cases were grade I delayed type resistance and were successfully treated with Fansidar, tetracycline and quinine. Two cases were grade II resistance and presented clinically as cerebral malaria. Intravenous quinine was given plus Fansidar and tetracycline. The cases were resolved without sequele or recurrence. None of the cases, except for 2, received chemoprophylaxis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Repair method and healing of skeletal muscle injury].

This study used m.anterior tibialis of rabbits to document recovery after laceration and repair after a healing period of 12 weeks. Postoperation care were divided into three groups: cast immobilization one or four weeks, and free activity. There were three different methods used to repair muscles including simple suture with Dexon 2-0, modified Kessler with 1/4 width of mersiline 5-0 and simple suture with tendon graft. Physiologic recovery including tension force and muscle contracture length had been tested. Histologic recovery including H & E and ATPase stains had been examined. The recovery of tension force was influenced by immobilization time, not by suture method. The best recovery of tension force was resulted from postoperation care with free activity. The result of shortening length of muscle was according to different suture methods and had no relation with immobilization time. Modified Kessler suture resulted in the best muscle contracture length. The method of modified Kessler suture without immobilization was recommended for management of lacerated muscle.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Mini-dose intrathecal morphine for post-cesarean section analgesia.

Dose-response relationship of mini-dose intrathecal morphine (0.025-0.125 mg) for analgesia after Cesarean section was studied. Sixty-three patients were randomly divided into six groups by the following intrathecal morphine injection: group 1 (0 mg), group 2 (0.025 mg), group 3 (0.05 mg), group 4 (0.075 mg), group 5 (0.1 mg), and group 6 (0.125 mg). The selected dose of morphine mixed with 2 ml 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine (10 mg) was administered intrathecally to induce spinal anesthesia. The mean analgesia duration in each group was 3.6 +/- 2.0, 10.6 +/- 7.1, 17.3 +/- 13.8, 25.6 +/- 7.5, 33.9 +/- 10.1, and 39.5 +/- 11.9 h respectively (mean +/- SD). In morphine groups, duration of analgesia was significantly longer (p less than 0.05) than control group (0 mg), and the first 24 h pain scores were also lower (p less than 0.01). Furthermore, a significant linear dose-response relationship between analgesic duration and the dose of intrathecal morphine was revealed (y = 3.28 + 295.5x, r2 = 0.64, p less than 0.05). Among morphine groups, analgesic quality was significantly better in patients in groups 4-6 than those in group 2 and 3 (p less than 0.05), so as in the proportion of effective analgesia in the first 24 h (p less than 0.01). Neonatal condition was not adversely affected by such mini-dose of intrathecal morphine. The most common maternal adverse effect observed was pruritus, and its incidence was significantly greater in groups 3-6 than in the control group (p less than 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed among all morphine groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Digital skin bloodflow of patient rested on different positions--a laser Doppler study.

Brachial plexus injuries resulting from malposition of the patient during general anesthesia have been described in the medical literature for nearly a century. However, concerning the brachial vessels which were accompanying the nervous plexus, few papers can be found discussing the changes that also occur when malpositing. In this study, an attempt was made to measure changes of digital skin bloodflow among patients resting in different postures simulating the operating postures in orthopaedic surgery. Laser doppler was found to be a sensitive indicator of skin bloodflow and peripheral vascular diseases. The results show that axillary pad used with patients resting in decubital positions does not change digital skin bloodflow or elbow flexion which could serve to reduce nervous tension among those patients whose digital skin bloodflow remains unchanged by hyperabductive shoulder positions. These findings do not support the preferred shoulder positions which are suggested in most papers discussing brachial plexus. From this it may be concluded that digital bloodflow is not occluded in healthy persons either by body postures or by the positions of the shoulders and elbows.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Influence of hemoultrafiltration and hemodialysis on endothelin].

In order to study the mechanism of plasma ET increment in CRF patients, we investigated 20 endothelin (CRF) patients undergone hemoultrafiltration for 90 min followed by hemodialysis, and 12 patients subjected to single hemodialysis. The results revealed that 90 min's ultrafiltration along with 2500 ml fluid extraction brought about a significant decrease in plasma ET (from 1132 to 753 pg/ml, P less than 0.05), while the hemodialysis without water extraction of a same period resulted no significant change. In the meantime, the BUN in the ultrafiltration group showed no prominent change. But the hemodialysis group presented a significant decrease (from 34.6 to 22.5 mmol/L P less than 0.05), which showed that the ET falling had no significant relevance to the metabolic products extraction. In the followed 120 min's hemodialysis, ET level in the two groups decreased in a different extend. Therefore, the research suggested that decreased extracellular volume via ultrafiltration can lead to the discretion of ET level.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Clinical experience in threaded-in cup acetabuloplasty.

By utilizing torque and compression to gain purchase of the acetabular cup into the bony margin of the acetabulum, the concept of threaded-in acetabular implant is attractive. However, controversies about long term fixation have recently arisen. From July 1985 to June 1989, 37 cases (42 hips) were treated with Mecron hemispheric self-tapering threaded-in acetabular cup. With a minimum postoperative period of 2 years, 29 cases (32 hips) were followed up clinically and roentgenographically for an average of 39 months. Among these THRs, 15 operations (47%) were performed primarily and 17 operations (53%) were performed as revisional arthroplasty. Of the 15 primary THRs, 10 hips were operations for osteonecrosis of the femoral head. The success rate in the primary group was 87%, and 59% in the revisional group. In our experience, the Mecron threaded-in cup has been associated with a relatively high rate of failure. However, the high percentage of revisional surgeries and osteonecrotic cases in this study may be factors determining the poor results.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1991

Influence of hemoultrafiltration and hemodialysis on endothelin.

To study the mechanism of plasma endothelin (pET) increment in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients, we investigated 20 CRF cases given hemoultrafiltration for 90 min followed by hemodialysis and 12 given hemodialysis only to examine the effect on ET. The results revealed that 90-min ultrafiltration with 2 500ml fluid extraction significantly decreased plasma ET (1 132 +/- 793--753 +/- 702 pg/ml, P less than 0.05), while hemodialysis without water extraction for the same period of time resulted in no significant change (1 195 +/- 891--1 011 +/- 654pg/ml, P greater than 0.05). BUN in the ultrafiltration group showed no marked changes (102 +/- 11.4--83.5 +/- 119 mg/dl), but the hemodialysis group presented a significant decrease (97 +/- 12--63 +/- 7 mg/dl, P less than 0.05), showing that the ET fall had no significant relevance to the metabolic products extracted. In 120 min following hemodialysis, ET levels in both groups decreased by different amounts. MAP decreased in both groups throughout the procedure period. Therefore, it is suggested that decreased extracellular volume via ultrafiltration can lead to lowering of ET levels, showing that extracellular volume may influence the ET level.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Carboplatin, etoposide, and bleomycin for patients with poor-risk germ cell tumors.

A prospective study of four cycles of carboplatin (CBDCA) + etoposide + bleomycin (EBC) was conducted in 32 previously poor-risk nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (GCT) patients and the results compared with past studies. Patients with extragonadal (nine patients) and testicular nonseminomatous GCT with a probability of complete response (CR) less than 0.5 as calculated by a mathematical model using marker values and number of metastatic sites (23 patients) were included. Nineteen patients (59%) achieved a CR and 14 complete responders (43%) remain free of disease. The overall and durable CR proportions were similar to those observed in prior poor-risk studies at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Myelosuppression was the major toxicity. Based on the low CR proportion, EBC is no better than other standard programs for poor-risk GCT. However, its ease of administration as an outpatient, mild renal and gastrointestinal toxicity, and efficacy comparable to cisplatin-based chemotherapy used in prior poor-risk trials at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center warrant a Phase III trial comparing CBDCA-based and cisplatin-based chemotherapy for good-risk GCT patients.

Adolescent↗