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Biomedical subjects

S Y Lin

Publications and source records attributed to S Y Lin.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

A reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of nicarbazin residues in eggs.

A reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was employed for analysis of nicarbazin [1:1 mixture of 4,4'-dinitrocarbanilide (DNC) and 2-hydroxy-4, 6-dimethyl-pyrimidine] in chicken eggs. Nicarbazin residues were analysed by determining the DNC of nicarbazin. HPLC of the DNC portion of nicarbazin was performed with a reverse-phase mu-Bondapak C18 column, using a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water (7:3, v/v). A variable-wavelength detector set at 340 nm, 0.02 AUFS, and a recorder set at 4 mm/min were used for the detection. The standard curve for nicarbazin was linear within the range 0.05-2.0 micrograms/ml. The recovery of nicarbazin added to eggs was 90.2%. The detection limit of nicarbazin in this analytical method was 0.005 micrograms/ml. Nicarbazin was detected in 10% of eggs obtained by feeding chickens with a diet contaminated with nicarbazin within the range 0.07 to 1.39 micrograms/g, but it was not detected in eggs obtained commercially.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1993

MR evaluation of tuberculous spondylitis.

A total of 29 proven tuberculous spondylitis patients underwent MR studies. Gd-DTPA enhancement was performed in 10 patients. Contiguous 2 vertebral involvement, subligamental spread of paraspinal abscesses and cord indentation were observed in 93% of the cases. Destruction of the vertebral body occurred in 76%. Intermediate or low T1 signal intensity and high T2 signal intensity were observed by MR. A combination of these characteristic findings strongly suggests the diagnosis of tuberculous spondylitis. Gd-DTPA administration did not facilitate diagnosis. MR examination should be considered as the main imaging modality for patients with suspected tuberculous spondylitis.

Abscess↗
PubMed1993

Ankle arthrodesis.

As a fused ankle provides a painless ankle joint with limited functional disability, ankle arthrodesis is still the treatment of choice for most disabling ankle arthritis. From January 1987 to December 1990, 45 cases of ankle arthrodesis were performed, including 27 male and 18 female patients, aged from 18 to 70 years with an average of 41.9 years. The causes leading to arthrodesis included 19 cases of post-traumatic arthritis, 3 rheumatoid arthritis, 7 osteoarthritis, 9 ankle infections (4 pyogenic and 5 tuberculosis), 4 ankle deformities, 2 avascular necrosis of the talus and 1 cases of Charcot joint. The methods included modified Blair's ankle arthrodesis (34 cases), compression arthrodesis (7 cases) either by Hoffman external fixation or triangular compression device, and intra articular arthrodesis by staple fixation (4 cases). The follow up period ranged from 17 Ms to 52 Ms with an average of 28.6 Ms. There were 2 cases who ultimately required amputation due to uncontrollable infection, and 2 cases of nonunion and one of them received refusion. There were 11 cases of delayed union (union time more than 6 Ms). The average union time was 5.6 Ms, ranging from 2 Ms to 10 Ms. Excluding the cases of amputation and nonunion, all patients had improvement in the ankle functional scale evaluation and 85.3% of the patients were satisfied with their present condition. The modified Blair's method of ankle arthrodesis has proven to be an effective method for treating ankle arthritis no matter what the cause. However, for cases of infection, compression arthrodesis with an external fixational device is superior.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Commissioning Varian 2100C medical linear accelerator.

One Varian 2100C medical linear accelerator (LINAC) was installed at Kaohsiung Medical College Hospital last summer. The outputs of this LINAC are 6 and 10 MV X-ray beams, and 6, 9, 12, 16, and 20 MeV electron beams. A commissioning procedure including acceptance tests, dose data, environmental radiation survey was executed when the LINAC installation was completed. The acceptance tests organized as a sequential were performed by the medical physicist and Varian's engineers. Dose determination and environmental radiation survey were measured with ion chamber, phantom and survey meters. Radiation dose was calculated following the protocal of the Task Group 21, Radiation Therapy Committee of the American Association of the Physicists in Medicine (AAPM). After the commissioning procedure, the license application to operate the LINAC was submitted to the Atomic Energy Council (AEC) of Executive Yuan. When the license was authorized by the AEC last November, a quality assurance (QA) program was established and performed continuously in order to keep the Varian LINAC with high quality of radiation therapy.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

Total ankle replacement: preliminary report of 3 cases.

Total Ankle Replacement has been quite limited used currently and ankle arthrodesis is still the treatment of choice for most disabling arthritic disease of the ankle because of the generally poor long term results of ankle replacement. In spite of its popularity, ankle arthrodesis has many disadvantages, including long immobilization, high pseudoarthrosis rate, and load shift with increased stress on the neighboring joints of ankle. Total ankle replacement may be tried on some selected cases, such as on older patients or on patients with bilateral ankle lesions, multiple joints involved arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis etc. This paper reports three ankle replacements with a two year follow up, and they all have encouraging short term results. In the future, the development of a more effective ankle replacement seems to be likely. But at the present time, only carefully choosing the available prosthesis and strictly selecting the indicated patient can make the total ankle replacement acceptable.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

A continuous, simple and rapid method for the detection, extraction and identification of residual antibacterial agents in meat.

Most antibacterial agents produced larger inhibition zones and showed lower detectable concentrations on minimal medium (MM) seeded with Bacillus subtilis than on Mueller-Hinton medium. After simple extraction, using a small amount of acetonitrile, from an agar block inside the inhibitory zone produced by each antibacterial agent, identification was carried out by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It is recommended that for inspection of residues MM is superior as a bioassay medium. The continuous, simple and rapid method described may be useful for routine laboratory testing of residual antimicrobial agents in food.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1992

Isolation and solid-state characteristics of a new crystal form of indomethacin.

A new polymorphic crystal form of indomethacin was precipitated from an aqueous solution of indomethacin and beta-cyclodextrin by titration with a 0.5 N HCl aqueous solution. Three polymorphs (alpha, beta, and gamma forms) and a new crystal form were differentiated with thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffractometry, thin-layer chromatography, elemental analysis, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy with a newly developed FTIR microscope equipped with a thermal analyzer. The new crystal polymorph of indomethacin exhibited endo- and exothermic peaks near 102.8 and 104.1 degrees C, respectively, because of phase transitions without weight loss, followed by two additional endothermic peaks at 151 and 158.9 degrees C, because of fusion. The differential scanning calorimetry-FTIR system can be used to examine the correlation between structural change of C = O stretching bands of this new polymorph and its thermal response. The new crystal form contained some gamma-form crystals, determined with an FTIR microscope equipped with a mapping option. Solid-state carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the polymorphs of indomethacin were also examined.

Calorimetry, Differential Scanning↗
PubMed1992

Protective effects of an oral microencapsulated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine against experimental infection in pigs.

Oral microencapsulated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccines were tested for their ability to prevent mycoplasmal pneumonia in pigs. Eighteen four-week-old specific pathogen free pigs were divided into six groups of three. Each pig of groups 1 to 4 was inoculated intramuscularly with formalin-inactivated M hyopneumoniae in adjuvant and boosted orally 14 days later with four different microencapsulated vaccine microspheres. Group 5 was used as a positive control. All 15 pigs of groups 1 to 5 were challenged at 28 days after the first vaccination by an intratracheal inoculation of pneumonic lung suspension. The three pigs of group 6 were used as a negative control. All four vaccinated groups showed some protection when challenged, but the protection was more solid in pigs boosted with vaccine D (group 4) which contained less porcine serum in the microsphere. The study indicates that oral vaccination with M hyopneumoniae could play a role in prevention and eradication of mycoplasmal pneumonia in the pig.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

Effect of traditional Chinese herbal medicines on the pharmacokinetics of western drugs in Sprague-Dawley rats of different ages (II): Aminophylline-huan shao tan and aminophylline-pu chung yi chi tang.

The effect of Chinese herbal medicines (Huan Shao Tan and Pu Chung Yi Chi Tang) and western drugs (sodium phenobarbital and cimetidine) on the serum concentration and pharmacokinetic parameters of theophylline and cytochrome P-450 of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats of three different ages were examined. The older rats without pretreatment with Chinese herbal medicines and western drugs exhibited higher serum theophylline concentration and lower pharmacokinetic parameters of theophylline than middle-aged and younger rats (P < 0.05), but there was no difference in cytochrome P-450 activity among the three different ages of rats. All rats when pretreated with sodium phenobarbital showed lower serum theophylline concentration and higher pharmacokinetics parameters of theophylline. Also, the activity of cytochrome P-450 was higher (P < 0.05). When cimetidine was pre-administered in SD rats of three age groups, all rats exhibited lower serum theophylline concentration and higher pharmacokinetics parameters (P < 0.05), but the activity of cytochrome P-450 remained unchanged (P > 0.05). The results were opposite to other studies, probably because the dose and dosing intervals were different. No single effect occurred on the younger and middle-aged rats after pretreatment with Huan Shao Tan and Pu Chung Yi Chi Tang: their serum theophylline concentration, pharmacokinetics parameters and cytochrome P-450 activity were the same as the control group. However, the older rats after pretreatment with Huan Shao Tan or Pu Chung Yi Chi Tang showed lower serum theophylline concentration and higher pharmacokinetics parameters than the younger and middle-aged rats pretreated with similar Chinese herbal medicines. This indicates that Huan Shao Tan and Pu Chung Yi Chi Tang may perhaps improve the elimination of theophylline in older rats. This might be attributed to the increase in hepatic blood flow or in liver volume, since the activity of cytochrome P-450 was not affected by the administration of Chinese herbal medicines.

Aging↗
PubMed1992

Calcium alginate beads as core carriers of 5-aminosalicylic acid.

The utilization of calcium alginate beads as core carriers for delayed dissolution followed by burst release as a potential method of intestinal site specific drug delivery was investigated. 5-Aminosalicylic acid was spray-coated on dried calcium alginate beads and then coated with different percentages of enteric coating polymer and/or sustained-release polymer. Beads coated with more than 6% (w/w) methacrylic copolymer plastisized with dibutyl sebacate and triethyl citrate resisted release in 2-hr acid fluid challenge and allowed immediate dissolution upon transfer to simulated intestinal fluid. With 6% (w/w) methacrylic copolymer on top of 4% (w/w) ethylcellulose polymer, the major portion of drug did not release in 2 hr of acid treatment or the next 3 hr of simulated intestinal fluid treatment. This dosage form provides the possibility to deliver drug to the lower intestinal tract with minimal early release, followed by sustained release in the colon.

Alginates↗
PubMed1992

The effect of high-intensity trunk exercise on bone mineral density of postmenopausal women.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a 1-year trunk resistive exercise program on bone mineral density at the lumbar spine and hip in postmenopausal women. Forty-nine subjects were divided into exercise and control groups. Dual photon absorptiometry was used to measure bone mineral density and the Muscle Examination and Exercise Dosimeter 3000 system was used to assess trunk muscle strength. Resistive exercise target levels for the exercise group were based on the results of the trunk muscle strength tests. The exercise group performed 3 sets of 10 repetitions for each of the sit-up, prone trunk extension, and double leg flexion exercises. The subjects were seen once per month and performed the exercises a minimum of three times per week. The bone mineral density and strength tests were done at baseline, at 6 months and at 12 months. The results of the study showed that 1) the dual photon absorptiometry method and the Muscle Examination and Exercise Dosimeter 3000 system were highly reliable in measuring bone mineral density and trunk muscle strength, respectively; and 2) no significant differences were found between the exercise and control groups at lumbar vertebrae L2, L3, L4, L2-L4, and the femoral neck, Ward's triangle, and trochanteric region of the proximal femur at baseline, 6-month, and 12-month evaluation sessions.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1992

Adsorption and desorption of indomethacin on cellulose-like biopolymers: chitin and chitosan.

The adsorption-desorption effect of cellulose-like biopolymers such as chitin and chitosan, and microcrystalline cellulose on indomethacin was investigated. The adsorptive capacity was ranked in the order: chitosan greater than chitin greater than microcrystalline cellulose. All the adsorption isotherms were found to follow Langmuir and Freundlich equations. However, chitosan-acetate gel powders and chitosan powders with pre-added acetic acid and methanol did not follow these equations, due to gel formations that led to more adsorption of indomethacin on the interlayer space of the gel. The strong adsorption of chitosan might result in difficult desorption of indomethacin.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1992

High prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in aborigines in Taiwan.

In Taiwan, the epidemiological status of HCV infection is similar to those observed in other areas of the world, with 1.0% prevalence among adult volunteer blood donors and high prevalences among the high risk groups, by the detection of anti-HCV with synthetic peptide antigens. However, unusually high prevalences, 35.1%, 15.8% and 14.2%, were observed among adult populations in three of the five aboriginal communities. No difference in sex specificity was noted. In 37 (75.0%) of the 48 anti-HCV-positive cases, HCV-RNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. None of such particular risk factors as tattooing, sexual promiscuity, operation, blood transfusion, nor intravenous drug abuse could be accounted for this high prevalence of HCV infection. No helpful supporting evidence for ethnic specificity was noted, either. Although a possible sexual transmission between spouses was observed, it is unlikely to be the main cause of the high prevalence in these aboriginal communities. We conclude that the unusually high prevalence of HCV infection observed in some aboriginal communities in Taiwan could be ascribed to poor anti-septic medical practice derived from insufficiency of medical personnel and facilities in these communities as compared with the other regions in Taiwan at the time before twenty years ago.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Detection and differentiation of dengue-1 from Japanese encephalitis virus infections by ABC MAC-ELISA.

An IgM antibody capture enzyme linked immunosorbent assay using avidin biotin complex system (ABC MAC-ELISA) was established for the detection and differentiation of dengue-1 and Japanese encephalitis virus infections. The cut-off value of MAC-ELISA was based on the mean value of optical density at 490 nm of seven negative human sera carried along in each assay multiplied by 2.1. The specificity of MAC-ELISA tested on 200 healthy enrolled male serum was 99.5% and 98.0% for dengue-1 and Japanese encephalitis IgM, respectively. Two hundred and sixty-six acute or followed-up dengue serum specimens which were identified to possess dengue-1 virus by virus isolation technique using C6/36 cell line and monoclonal antibody immunofluorescent assay (IFA) were tested by MAC-ELISA for IgM antibodies to dengue-1 and Japanese encephalitis virus infection. The positivity of IgM antibody for serum collected from day 1 to day 7 after onset of the disease was 0.0%, 0.0%, 7.6% 14.2%, 25.0%, and 77.7% by each consecutive day, correspondingly, for those collected from day 8 to two month was 96.7% overall. By comparison the P/N value of dengue-1 IgM to JE IgM, 98.5% and 96.8% of the dengue-1 and Japanese encephalitis suspected serum specimens could be distinguished from each other, respectively. MAC-ELISA is a convenient, rapid, sensitive and specific method for the detection and differentiation of dengue-1 from Japanese encephalitis virus infections.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1992

Reconstruction of the severely deficient acetabulum with the bipolar prosthesis and allo-autograft.

We reviewed the clinical results and radiographs of four patients who had revision of the acetabular component of a failed total hip arthroplasty with a bipolar socket supplemented by autoallograft to reconstruct massive bony defect. These patients were followed up from twelve to seventeen months. The clinical score was assessed by a modified d'Aubigne's rating score that assigned a maximum of 18 points. The preoperative clinical score ranged from 1 to 5 points (mean: 3.25 points). The postoperative score improved to a range of 13-17 points (mean: 15.25 points). Of the hips examined, nearly all were pain-free. The largest possible bipolar cup was used with solid structural allografting augmented by morseled cancellous autograft. These have been uniformly trouble-free with acetabular reconstitution. Cup migration was minimal or none. The follow-up periods were short and some migration is probably to be anticipated in the future. Although this technique was originally conceived as part of a staged procedure, it seemed as a definitive procedure yielding acceptable results for dealing with a severely deficient acetabulum. Larger series and longer periods of follow-up are demanded to support this assertion.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1992

Instrumented laxity test for the evaluation of posterior cruciate ligament reconstructed knee.

By making anterior and posterior drawer tests using "Laxity tester" is an objective way to evaluate the resting position of tibia plateau and knee laxity. This study followed up 16 cases of PCL reconstructed or pull-out repaired knees for an average of two years and seven months. A force of 20 1b was applied to evaluate knee laxity at 30 degree and 90 degree knee flexion. From paired t-test, the stability of reconstructed knees was not statistically different from that of control contralateral normal knees. The functional scores measured by the Gillquist scoring system for injured knees after reconstruction were satisfactory. Therefore the restabilized PCL deficient knees by the modified Clancy method or pull-out repair yielded good evaluation scores. The data of contralateral normal knee laxity obtained in this study was used as reference in pre-operative and post-operative evaluation of PCL injured knee.

Female↗
PubMed1992

In vitro release, pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution studies of doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin HCl) encapsulated in lipiodolized w/o emulsions and w/o/w multiple emulsions.

The lipiodolized w/o emulsion or w/o/w multiple emulsion containing Doxorubicin hydrochloride (1; Adriamycin HCl) with different emulsifiers was prepared to evaluate in vitro sustained-release behavior, pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution function in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. The results of dissolution indicate that the release of 1 was significantly sustained for both emulsions when HCO-60 (polyoxyethylene (60) hydrogenated castor oil) was used as an emulsifier. The serum concentration of 1 was reduced and prolonged for both emulsions with the increase of HCO-60. The C(max) level was lowered and T(max) value was delayed after administration of w/o emulsions with higher HCO-60 concentration. The apparent terminal half-life for 1 released from some emulsions with higher concentration of HCO-60 was 3-folds higher than that of the 1 solution. The clearance of some w/o or w/o/w ADR emulsions also decreased with the increase of HCO-60. Not only the concentration of 1 in heart and kidney decreased significantly after the administration of w/o emulsions with the higher concentration of HCO-60, but also the hepatic concentration of 1 was higher and increased with HCO-60 concentration. The hepatic 1 level became lower after administration of w/o/w multiple emulsions with the increase of HCO-60; however, the concentration of 1 in heart, lung and spleen increased somewhat. The results indicate that lipiodol and HCO-60 seemed to play an important role in the prolongation and selective retention of w/o emulsion or w/o/w multiple emulsion, in vitro and in vivo.

Animals↗