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Biomedical subjects

S Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to S Wilson.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Reformation of specific neuromuscular connections during axolotl limb regeneration: evidence that the first contacts are correct.

Retrograde neuronal tracing with horseradish peroxidase was used to determine the position in the spinal cord of the motor neurone pools of a proximal (biceps) and a distal (extensor digitorum) limb muscle at various times during axolotl limb regeneration. It was found that from the earliest stages of muscle redifferentiation (as judged by light and electron microscopic analysis) the vast majority of axons innervating the regenerating muscles came from cells within the bounds of the normal motor neurone pool for each muscle. A few incorrect projections were noted in that the regenerating proximal muscle was sometimes innervated by some cells caudal to its normal motor neurone pool. The results are discussed in terms of mechanisms that may be operating in the regenerating limb to ensure that specific neuromuscular connections are made.

Ambystoma↗
PubMed1988

Domperidone.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Domperidone↗
PubMed1987

Purification and properties of Drosophila heat shock activator protein.

Drosophila heat shock activator protein, a rare transacting factor which is induced upon heat shock to bind specifically to the heat shock regulatory sequence in vivo, has been purified from shocked cells to more than 95 percent homogeneity by sequence-specific duplex oligonucleotide affinity chromatography. The purified protein has a relative molecular mass of 110 kilodaltons, binds to the regulatory sequence with great affinity and specificity, and strongly stimulates transcription of the Drosophila hsp70 gene. Studies with this regulatory protein should lead to an understanding of the biochemical pathway underlying the heat shock phenomenon.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Cloning of a human liver microsomal UDP-glucuronosyltransferase cDNA.

A cDNA clone (HLUG 25) encoding the complete sequence of a human liver UDP-glucuronosyltransferase was isolated from a lambda gt11 human liver cDNA library. The library was screened by hybridization to a partial-length human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase cDNA (pHUDPGT1) identified from a human liver pEX cDNA expression library by using anti-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase antibodies. The authenticity of the cDNA clone was confirmed by hybrid-select translation and extensive sequence homology to rat liver UDP-glucuronosyltransferase cDNAs. The sequence of HLUG 25 cDNA was determined to be 2104 base-pairs long, including a poly(A) tail, and contains a long open reading frame. The possible site of translation initiation of this sequence is discussed with reference to a rat UDP-glucuronosyltransferase cDNA clone (RLUG 38).

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effect of T4 count and cofactors on the incidence of AIDS in homosexual men infected with human immunodeficiency virus.

We prospectively evaluated potential markers and cofactors for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 86 homosexual men who were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus antibodies. During three years of follow-up, 19 men developed AIDS. Risk of AIDS was clearly predicted by the total number of circulating OKT4-positive lymphocytes (T4 count) at enrollment, while the corresponding T8 count was unrelated to subsequent AIDS development. Subjects in Manhattan had a higher risk of Kaposi's sarcoma than did subjects in Washington, DC, and the risk of AIDS tended to increase with numerous homosexual partners. Several of 40 potential cofactors defined ex post facto, including receptive fellatio, enemas, methaqualone use, and high levels of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen, appeared to be associated with Kaposi's sarcoma but not with Pneumocystis pneumonia. Our data suggest that potent cofactors for Pneumocystis pneumonia were not prominent, pointing to the need for effective drug therapies, particularly to reduce the high AIDS risk of persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection and low T4 counts.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Ciglitazone is not itself thermogenic but increases the potential for thermogenesis in lean mice.

Chronic dietary administration of the oral hypoglycaemic ciglitazone (3 g/day for 14-28 days) to lean, non-diabetic CDl mice resulted in increased brown adipose tissue mitochondrial GDP binding and a marked increase in the thermic effect of the beta-adrenoceptor agonist BRL 26830A. However, ciglitazone was not itself thermogenic after an acute dose, nor did it raise resting metabolic rate during chronic dietary dosing.

Adipose Tissue, Brown↗
PubMed1987

Early pregnancy factor: large scale isolation of rosette inhibition test-active polypeptides from ovine placental extracts.

Protocols are described for the isolation of substantial (mg) amounts of a rosette inhibition test (RIT)-active polypeptide fraction from ovine placental extracts. The main component of the preparation is a 12K polypeptide which contains a highly reactive thiol group. Oxidation may occur during isolation with the result that the final preparation is a mixture of the 12K polypeptide and a 25K disulphide linked dimer. The highly reactive thiol group was found to be directly involved in activity expression since gentle reduction followed by iodoacetylation resulted in a complete loss of activity. Antisera were prepared and the antibodies removed all the RIT activity from fresh ovine placental extracts, indicating that molecules related to those in the isolated preparation were responsible for all the activity in crude extracts. The antibodies also removed all the RIT activity from ovine and murine pregnancy sera, obtained both before and after implantation. Since EPF is defined as an RIT activity detected in pregnancy serum, these results establish that EPF activity is due to molecules similar to those isolated from the placental extracts. The availability of the preparative protocol and antibodies should hasten the biochemical definition of the EPF phenomenon.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Substrate supply for thermogenesis induced by the beta-adrenoceptor agonist BRL 26830A.

The nature of the substrate that fuels the thermogenic response to the novel beta-adrenoceptor agonist BRL 26830A has been investigated. Respiratory quotient measurements indicated that the increase in metabolic rate produced by BRL 26830A in rats was fuelled wholly by lipid. BRL 26830A also produced a marked reduction in the lipid content of total dissectable brown adipose tissue. The energy content of this lipid lost during the 4-h period after dosing was equivalent to approximately 50% of the thermogenic effect of the compound over the same period, suggesting that lipid stored in brown adipose tissue is a major initial fuel for BRL 26830A induced thermogenesis. However, marked depletion of brown adipose tissue lipid prior to administration of BRL 26830A had no effect on the subsequent thermogenic response to the compound. Oral administration of glucose altered the pattern of fuel utilization for resting metabolism, but thermogenesis was still fuelled mainly by lipid. Administration of methyl palmoxirate, which inhibits oxidation of long-chain fatty acids, completely prevented the thermic effect of BRL 26830A, suggesting that lipid is a necessary fuel for this process. These results do not support suggestions that carbohydrate is quantitatively important as a fuel for nonshivering thermogenesis.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1986

Three-year incidence of AIDS in five cohorts of HTLV-III-infected risk group members.

The incidence of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) among persons infected with human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) was evaluated prospectively among 725 persons who were at high risk of AIDS and had enrolled before October 1982 in cohort studies of homosexual men, parenteral drug users, and hemophiliacs. A total of 276 (38.1 percent) of the subjects were either HTLV-III seropositive at enrollment or developed HTLV-III antibodies subsequently. AIDS had developed in 28 (10.1 percent) of the seropositive subjects before August 1985. By actuarial survival calculations, the 3-year incidence of AIDS among all HTLV-III seropositive subjects was 34.2 percent in the cohort of homosexual men in Manhattan, New York, and 14.9 percent (range 8.0 to 17.2 percent) in the four other cohorts. Out of 117 subjects followed for a mean of 31 months after documented seroconversion, five (all hemophiliacs) developed AIDS 28 to 62 months after the estimated date of seroconversion, supporting the hypothesis that there is a long latency between acquisition of viral infection and the development of clinical AIDS. This long latency could account for the significantly higher AIDS incidence in the New York cohort compared with other cohorts if the virus entered the New York homosexual population before it entered the populations from which the other cohorts were drawn. However, risk of AIDS development in different populations may also depend on the presence of as yet unidentified cofactors.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

A self-report scale to diagnose major depressive disorder.

The Inventory to Diagnose Depression (IDD) is a self-report scale designed to diagnose DSM-III major depressive disorder (MDD). In our analysis, its test-retest reliability and internal consistency were high. The IDD was significantly associated with other self-report and interviewer rated depression scales and was sensitive to clinical change. Diagnostic agreement between the IDD and clinician's diagnosis of MDD was as high as that found in studies examining the interrater reliability of the diagnosis of MDD. Moreover, our results suggested that the IDD may aid clinicians in detecting secondary depression and distinguishing psychotic depression from nonaffective psychoses. The IDD may be particularly useful in light of the recent evidence that American psychiatrists continue to underdiagnose depression and overdiagnose schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Child witnesses to violence between parents: critical issues in behavioral and social adjustment.

This study examined the impact of exposure to family violence on children's adjustment. Two groups of residents of shelters for battered women (current and former residents) were compared to a nonviolent control group. All three groups of mothers completed interviews and self-report questionnaires related to both their own and their children's adjustment. Children recently witnessing violence tended to have the lowest levels of social competence ratings, and their mothers reported the most health and emotional difficulties. Former residents of shelters experienced the highest level of family/social disadvantage. The results are discussed in the context of previous research findings, and implications for intervention programs are outlined.

Adolescent↗