Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Williams

Publications and source records attributed to S Williams.

At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Application of an automatic electronic image analyzer to the measurement of myocardial extracellular space.

The volume of the rat myocardial extracellular compartment was determined by electronic image analysis (Zeiss Micro-Videomat) and compared with values obtained by point-counting on the same histological micrographs. The data suggest that the results obtained by the two methods may be expected to be approximately within 10% of each other. The subjective component of the morphometry was not entirely eliminated due to some heterogeneity in the staining of the histological sections. Until the deficiencies in staining homogeneity are eliminated, the main advantage of the image analysis compared to point-counting will be limited to a greater labor efficiency.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Clearance of pneumococcal organisms after repair of injured spleens.

Although the safety of splenic preservation has been demonstrated in a small number of cases, the follow-up in these cases has been too short to determine whether the patients are adequately protected from sepsis. The purpose of this study was to test the ability of the spleen to clear pneumococcal organisms after repairing lacerations with a surface hemostatic agent. Three groups of 20 New Zealand white rabbits were studied. Group I animals received sham operations, group II animals were given total splenectomies, and group III animals had splenic lacerations repaired with Collastat (American Medical Products Corp., Freehold, New Jersey), a local hemostatic agent. Three months later, when challenged with intracardiac Streptococcus pneumoni type III, the animals without spleens failed to clear pneumococcal organisms. This spleen-intact and spleen-repaired animals, however, both cleared pneumococcal organisms in a normal fashion.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Neuropsychological sequelae of postradiation somnolence syndrome.

Postirradiation somnolence syndrome in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia treated with cranial irradiation has been identified as a possible precursor of later cognitive dysfunction. To test this, the neuropsychological evaluation of 48 children who developed somnolence syndrome was compared with that of 31 children who did not have the syndrome at approximately 1 1/2 and 3 3/4 years after treatment. No differences in performance between the two groups were found on many measures of neuropsychological functioning with the exception of fine motor speed. Children without somnolence syndrome scored somewhat less than normal on measures of academic achievement. No other differences from normal performance were noted in either group. The results of the study indicated that if children with somnolence are at greater risk for the development of cognitive dysfunction than those not manifesting the syndrome, such risks occur at a time farther from treatment than 3 to 4 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Socio-economic status and childhood injuries.

The hypothesis that there was an inverse linear relationship between childhood injuries and socio-economic status was tested. Four measures of socio-economic status were related to childhood injury records covering the first seven years of life. The results failed to show any significant relationship between history of injury and four measures of socio-economic status.

Child↗
PubMed1983

Primary dentition caries trends, 1976-1981, in four South African populations.

This paper is a comparison of cross-sectional data on dental caries in the primary dentition undertaken between 1976 and 1981 in the Transvaal Province, South Africa, on 690 rural Black, 1463 urban Black, 870 Indian and 1622 White children aged 2-5 yr. There was a decrease in percentage dental caries prevalence in the urban White children and an increase in the other three groups, the fastest rate being seen among urban Indian children. Similar trends were noted for mean dmft. Dental caries in incisor and canine teeth remained fairly static but caries in molar teeth increased in the groups of Black and Indian children and decreased in the White children. Ratios d/dmft, m/dmft and f/dmft indicated that minimal treatment was received by all the children.

Black People↗
PubMed1983

Reliability of in vitro susceptibility tests for detecting coagulase-negative staphylococcal resistance to penicillinase-resistant semisynthetic penicillins.

The reliabilities of five in vitro susceptibility tests (agar dilution, broth microdilution, automated MS-2, Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion, and ability to grow on methicillin-containing agar) to predict the susceptibility of 204 coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates to penicillinase-resistant semisynthetic penicillins were compared. There was wide variation in susceptibility, with results ranging from 86.3% susceptible by MS-2 to 38.2% by growth on methicillin-containing agar. The results of the broth dilution techniques, including the MS-2, were significantly different (P less than 0.02) from the remaining tests. Nafcillin disks were less effective (P less than 0.02) than oxacillin disks in predicting resistance. Kirby-Bauer oxacillin disks and the ability to grow on methicillin-containing agar were the most reliable predictors of resistance. The MS-2 did not reliably predict resistance.

Coagulase↗
PubMed1983

An evaluation of gentamicin EMIT--its performance on the Kem-O-Mat and its role in the small laboratory.

An investigation was made into the use of gentamicin EMIT on the Coulter Kem-O-Mat in a small microbiology laboratory. EMIT was found to correlate well with plate assay and to be a more rapid, more precise and technically less time-consuming method. EMIT was more expensive in clinical use. This single disadvantage was considered to be outweighed by a saving in capital equipment expenditure and by the benefits to the laboratory and clinician.

Calibration↗
PubMed1983

Prevalence of self-reported depressive symptoms and associated social factors in mothers in Dunedin.

A large sample of women (n = 899) from Dunedin, New Zealand, completed a self-report questionnaire on depressive symptoms. On this basis, about 8 per cent of the sample were identified as having major depressive disorder. These women tended to have a history of previously reported psychological symptoms and formal treatment for depression. A significantly high proportion of the depressed group had been young at first pregnancy and had since been separated from their partners. The depressed women also reported more behaviour problems in their children, but these reports were not confirmed by teachers' reports or by the children's self-reports, suggesting a response bias in depressed women towards reporting problems.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Nutritional care of the trauma patient.

Late mortality following trauma is primarily due to sepsis and multiple organ failure. The early provision of aggressive nutritional support can augment the metabolic response to injury, provide substrates for acute phase protein synthesis, immune response and energy needs, and ameliorate protein catabolism, thus improving survival. Nutritional assessment and techniques of feeding must be individualized to suit the particular organ dysfunction, fluid requirements and metabolic rate of each patient, while avoiding the complications of overfeeding.

Enteral Nutrition↗
PubMed1982

Neurological dysfunction in a large sample of three year old children: a report from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study.

The prevalence of neurological abnormalities was examined in a large sample of Dunedin three-year-old children. About 10 percent of those assessed had one or more abnormalities at three and 2 percent had abnormalities which were judged to have an effect on the child's functioning. The presence of abnormalities at three was associated with language and motor delays at that age and predictive of later IQ deficit. However, abnormalities were not stable over time and their significance for predictive purposes with individual cases is questioned.

Child↗
PubMed1982

A comparison of pentosan polysulphate and heparin. II: Effects of subcutaneous injection.

A comparison has been made between the effects of pentosan polysulphate (SP54) and mucosal heparin following subcutaneous injection in man. Unlike heparin, pentosan polysulphate has relatively little effect in vivo as measured by anti-factor Xa clotting assay and none by an anti-Xa amidolytic assay (S-2222). However, pentosan polysulphate is at least as potent as heparin on a weight basis in producing activation of lipoprotein lipase, shortening of the euglobulin clot lysis time and impairing the generation of factor Xa. Our data indicate that pentosan polysulphate has more marked effects in vivo than in vitro, that the action of the drug on clotting is mediated mainly via an At III-independent pathway, and that its effects are not confined to the coagulation system.

Blood Coagulation↗
PubMed1982

Anisakiasis: nematode infestation producing small-bowel obstruction.

A case of small-bowel obstruction occurred secondary to an uncommon parasitic disease, anisakiasis. Intestinal obstruction is a rare manifestation of this disease. Anisakiasis may be seen initially with nausea and vomiting or may mimic acute appendicitis or Crohn's disease. The predisposing factor in all cases is the ingestion of raw fish, and the disease is preventable by cooking fish at greater than 60 degrees C for a short time or by freezing at less than -20 degrees C for more than 24 hours. Anisakiasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of small-bowel obstruction in patients whose diet includes raw fish.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Condylar development and mandibular rotation and displacement during activator treatment. An implant study.

An analysis of the effects of activator treatment on the spatial development of the mandible over 11 months was performed via the metal implant method for a group of nineteen patients. A series of centers of rotation were derived, the position and effect of which are described and related to observed changes in basal and dentoalveolar structures and the development of the mandibular condyle. A posteriorly directed condylar development, in conjunction with an anterior rotational pattern, was found to be optimal if a basal Class II malocclusion is to be treated by means of a forward developmental displacement of the mandible.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed1982

The interplay between sagittal and vertical growth factors. An implant study of activator treatment.

Changes in sagittal jaw relationship are dependent on an interplay between a series of basal and dentoalveolar changes in both sagittal and vertical planes. The present article uses the implant method to examine and discuss this interrelationship as well as condylar growth and, in addition, comments on the relative value of accepted methods of expressing sagittal jaw relationship. The interplay between vertical and horizontal dentoalveolar, sutural, and condylar changes occurring relative to the occlusal plane in nineteen patients treated by means of activator was studied quantitatively by means of the implant method. Changes in the sagittal jaw relationship were evaluated by means of the change in ANB angle and utilizing the "Witts appraisal" with a modified occlusal plane construction. Change in sagittal jaw relationship was studied by means of a correlation analysis and shown to be largely dependent on the spatial development of the mandible; the latter was positively correlated to vertical condylar development and maxillary horizontal development but negatively correlated to increase in vertical sutural and dentoalveolar parameters. Vertical condylar development was also demonstrated to influence the rotational pattern of mandibular development. The clinical importance of controlling vertical development, sutural as well as dentoalveolar, in the treatment of sagittal discrepancies was stressed through the findings of the present study.

Activator Appliances↗