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Biomedical subjects

S White

Publications and source records attributed to S White.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

CT and MRI of ovarian cancer.

Among the gynecologic malignancies, ovarian cancer is second most common in incidence. However, unlike the other gynecologic cancers, its mortality has decreased only minimally during the last two decades [1]. Only recently, preliminary studies suggest promising results for ovarian cancer screening using transvaginal ultrasound in combination with serum Ca 125 levels [22,23]. Exploratory laparotomy has been the mainstay in the management of ovarian cancer, as it offers histopathological evaluation as well as cytoreduction. However, it is limited by its inaccuracy with understaging in 30-40% at initial presentation. Cross-sectional imaging contributes valuable information toward preoperative surgical and management planning. The proper surgical approach can be selected, the need for preoperative chemotherapeutic debulking can be assessed, and the surgeon will be forewarned of the need for assistance from a gynecologic oncologic surgeon or gastrointestinal oncologic surgeon if a complicated surgical procedure or bowel resection is indicated. CT is established as the primary imaging modality for characterization of ovarian tumors and ovarian cancer staging, while MR is emerging as a problem-solving modality. MR seems to be superior to CT in lesion characterization, in evaluation of local extent of tumor, and in tumor implants involving the hemidiaphragm and liver surface. The role of spiral CT has yet to be explored.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Time trends in human dietary exposure to PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs in the UK.

Total Diet Study samples collected in 1982 and 1992 were analysed. Estimated dietary intakes of PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs by UK consumers were found to have fallen substantially during this period and are now considerably below the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI). Composite samples of human milk were also analysed for PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs. Estimated combined dietary intakes of PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs by breast fed infants in 1993-94 via breast milk fell from 170 pg TEQ/kg bodyweight/day at 2 months to 39 pg TEQ/kg bodyweight/day at 10 months.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of unicameral bone cyst with demineralized bone matrix.

Eleven patients with active unicameral bone cysts were treated primarily with placement of demineralized bone matrix in the cyst by using a two-needle technique and a custom large-bore needle. Cyst healing was rated according to the Neer classification, and the average time of healing was 4.5 months. The demineralized bone matrix demonstrated an ability to obliterate the cyst in nine of 11 patients by using a single injection within 4-5 months, and at 2 years' follow-up, no cysts were deemed active or recurrent.

Bone Cysts↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clubfoot analysis with three-dimensional computer modeling.

Which way are the bones rotated in a clubfoot? This question has long been debated by clubfoot surgeons. Opinions have been based on observations from surgery, radiographs, and autopsies. These methods all have pitfalls and are subject to misinterpretation. We used three-dimensional computer modeling to analyze histologic sections of a newborn clubfoot and a newborn normal foot. Relative to the bimalleolar axis in the axial plane, the normal talus demonstrated 5 degrees of internal rotation of its body and 25 degrees internal rotation of its neck. The clubfoot talus showed 14 degrees of external rotation of its body and 45 degrees of internal rotation of its neck. The calcaneus was externally rotated 5 degrees in the normal foot and internally rotated 22 degrees in the clubfoot.

Calcaneus↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health and relicensing policies for older drivers in the European union.

BACKGROUND: The number of older drivers is increasing rapidly in the developed world. Many states of the European Union (EU) have initiated legislation to screen older drivers for age-related disease, despite evidence that screening may be harmful or have no positive effect. METHODS: We reviewed the current situation in the EU by sending a questionnaire to the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency in each member state. RESULTS: All fifteen countries replied. Regular medical screening occurs in ten. European Council Directive 91/439/EEC forms the basis for national guidelines on medical fitness to drive, but these are not specific for age-related illness, and interpretation of the directive varies between countries. Specific guidelines are not available in all countries for the age-related conditions of dementia, stroke, and Parkinson's disease. In nine countries a medical colleague is available for consultation in difficult cases. Drivers are required to report illness to the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency only in the United Kingdom. In six countries, there is mandatory reporting by physicians of conditions which may pose a risk to driving. CONCLUSIONS: There is considerable heterogeneity within the EU on the processes of older driver screening. This diversity may facilitate research into the effect of different policies on safe mobility of older people. If changes in the screening process are considered, further knowledge is needed on issues such as older driver exposure and valid measures of safe mobility for the EU. More evidence-based research is required to help policy makers frame future guidelines and legislation, so as to promote safe mobility of older people.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

K+ channels of the mammalian collecting duct.

Fine control of renal water and electrolyte excretion takes place in the collecting duct, a tubule segment which is also a major site of K+ secretion and hormone action. With the introduction of patch clamp techniques it has been possible to define the contribution of ion channels to K+ transport. Two types of channels have been identified in the cortical collecting tubules of the rabbit and rat: (1) a maxi- or high conductance K+ channel (single channel conductance greater than 80 pS) found only in the apical membrane, and (2) smaller conductance K+ channels (single channel conductance less than 60 pS) found in both apical and basolateral membranes. The gating properties of the K+ channels with smaller conductances differ in the apical and basolateral cell membranes; whereas the open probability of the small conductance K+ channel in the apical membrane is not voltage-sensitive, that of the basolateral channel increases with hyperpolarization. The maxi-K+ channel, so far only found in the apical cell membrane, is voltage-gated but its open probability increases with cell depolarization. The possible role of these K+ channels in different states of the K+ transport system in collecting ducts is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hyperapobetalipoproteinemia in a kindred with familial combined hyperlipidemia and familial hypercholesterolemia.

A child showed a type IIb lipoprotein pattern and triglyceride-enriched cutaneous xanthomas before 1 year of age. The proband and 9 of 18 relatives had elevated plasma levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL) B protein; of these nine relatives, four had elevated LDL of increased density while five had elevated LDL of normal density. Compared with normal LDL, LDL of increased density had less cholesteryl ester and free cholesterol, more apolipoprotein B and triglyceride, and a lower molecular weight and flotation rate (Sf degrees). Patients with LDL of increased density had higher mean plasma levels of triglycerides, very low density lipoproteins, and intermediate density lipoproteins, but lower levels of high density lipoproteins than those with elevated LDL of normal density. Multiple lipoprotein patterns in the father's family suggested the presence of familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH). The mother of the proband and two of her relatives had type IIa lipoprotein patterns and tendon xanthomas, compatible with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). High affinity binding, internalization, and degradation of 125I LDL in cultured fibroblasts from the proband and his mother were reduced two- to threefold compared with normal cells, while LDL receptor activity in the proband's father was normal. This unusual proband has apparently inherited both FCH and FH.

Apolipoproteins A↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Teaching infant CPR to mothers of cocaine-positive infants.

Cocaine abuse, a major problem in our society, has increased in women of childbearing age. Because cocaine-positive infants are at greater risk for apnea/sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), their mothers need to be instructed in infant CPR. This study compared the use of a computerized interactive video learning system to the traditional infant CPR teaching method (lecture, video, and return demonstration) to determine the most effective method. This study indicated that mothers of cocaine-exposed infants can learn infant CPR in the immediate postpartum period and that the traditional method was found to be more effective. One unexpected positive outcome was the increase in these mothers' self-esteem.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG).

In the form of a case study that illustrates the procedure of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG), this article examines the implications of feeding patients by identifying the professional, legal, and moral issues that are involved.

Education, Nursing, Continuing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A dual role.

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Breast Neoplasms↗