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Biomedical subjects

S Walter

Publications and source records attributed to S Walter.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Disturbances of micturition in Parkinson's disease.

During the years 1970-1974, a total of 44 patients referred by neurologists to the Urological Laboratory were classified in the following groups: paralysis agitans (27), postencephalitic parkinsonism (5), cerebral arteriosclerosis and parkinsonism (7) and cerebral arteriosclerosis and parkinsonism, suspected (5). Bladder function was assessed on the basis of cystometry and urodynamic investigation. A high frequency of supranuclear bladder paresis (SNP) was found, although unequally distributed in the different diagnostic groups. Stereotactic operations on the thalamic nuclei seemed to be correlated with SNP. The question was raised whether SNP was part of the parkinsonian syndrome or merely signs and symptoms related to ageing.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Detrusor hyperreflexia. A survey on its etiology and treatment.

Detrusor hyperreflexia (DH) is a frequently occurring condition. The symptomatology is characterized by frequency, urgency and urge incontinence. DH is defined as involuntary, uninhibited detrusor contractions. The physiology and pathophysiology of the micturition reflex is reviewed. The balance between cerebral stimulation and supraspinal inhibition is discussed. DH is caused by disturbances in this balance. Whereas increased afferent impulses to the central nervous system due to local disorders in bladder and/or urethra may produce DH, a neurological disorder affecting the inhibitory nervous pathways from cortical and subcortical centres always result in uninhibited detrusor contractions. DH was found in 25% of 2000 patients. In the majority of the patients the DH was caused by a neurological disorder. The incidence of DH in patients with enuresis, gynecological patients with urinary incontinence and/or genital prolapse and patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is reported. In 62% of the patients with BPH the DH was eliminated after adequate surgical treatment of the infravesical obstruction. By contrast, DH in women with genital prolapse and/or incontinence persisted despite operative treatment. In a retrospective investigation of 152 patients with DH, the cause of the DH was unknown in 32 patients (21%). A clinical neurological examination revealed no evidence of neurological disease in 45% of the 22 patients examined. Voiding symptoms were the only complaint in these patients as well as in 30-40% of the patients in the other groups mentioned. This calls for improved investigatory methods in the evaluation of the balance between stimulation and inhibition of the micturition reflex. The presence of uninhibited detrusor contractions in apparently healthy patients should indicate a neurological examination since DH may be the first sign of a neurological disorder. The micturition reflex is conducted through long, uninterrupted neurons with a marked central integration. Therefore cystometry may be used as a supplement to the clinical neurological examination in the early diagnosis of pyramidal or extrapyramidal central nervous system disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Growth control in primary fetal rat liver cells in culture.

Primary fetal rat liver cells cultured in medium deficient in, but not free of, arginine in the presence of dialyzed fetal calf serum grow until the final cell density is attained and cells become quiescent in the Go phase of the cell cycle. When growing cells are transferred into arginine free medium, cells become reversibly arrested in Go. Fetal rat liver cells can be induced to synthesize DNA by addition of high levels of arginine to serum free medium. Low arginine levels in the culture medium do not induce cell growth unless serum is present. Serum stimulates arginine uptake in fetal rat liver cells suggesting that serum growth factor(s) act by increasing intracellular arginine levels high enough to initiate the growth cycle. Fractionation of fetal calf serum by gel filtration on G-200 Sephadex yields a partially purified arginine uptake stimulating activity which is eluted from the column in the same fractions that contain fetal rat liver cell growth promoting activity. Insulin induces DNA synthesis in quiescent fetal rat liver cells. Glucagon reverses the stimulatory effects of insulin. N-6,O-2-Dibutyryl adenosine 3:5-cyclic monophosphoric acid (But2c-AMP) (10-minus4 M) and theophilline (10-minus3 M) inhibit arginine uptake and the initiation of DNA synthesis by serum. The role of arginine in the control of DNA synthesis in fetal rat liver cells and the mechanism of action of serum growth factors are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Morphology and function of the bladder and urethra in female urinary incontinence.

The conventional investigations, gynaecological examination and cystoscopy give very little information about the causes of incontinence. History taking makes it possible to divide the symptoms into either stress- or urge incontinence. Cystometry, lateral voiding cysto-urethrography and urodynamic examination including sphincter EMG enable us to divide the pathological conditions into suspension defects and bladder dysfunctions. The suspension defects are bladder base insufficiency, vesical descensus and trigonocele. The operation of choice for these conditions depends on whether the suspension defect is anterior or posterior. The bladder dysfunctions are supranuclear and infranuclear neurogenic dysfunctions. The treatment in these cases will ordinarily be medical.

Female↗
PubMed1975

Urinary tract infection and wound infection in kidney transplant patients.

The frequency of urinary tract and wound infections was studied in 53 patients most of whom had received kidneys from donors without heart action. Urinary infection was demonstrated soon after the transplantation in 46 out of 47 with functioning kidneys. Recurrent infections took place during the first 3 months and still half of the patients were infected or under treatment 6 months after the operation. The urinary infection seems mainly to arise via indwelling catheters. Wound infections were demonstrated in 18 out of the 53 patients and in addition abscess formation took place in 9 of these. In the majority of the infected wounds previous infected drains were demonstrated. In all, 36 of the patients had infected drains, the use of which therefore is to be avoided.

Abscess↗
PubMed1975

Afterdischarges elicited by electrical thalamic stimulation in the hemicerebellectomized baboon.

Electrical stimulation of the ventrolateral (VL) nucleus of the thalamus was performed on hemicerebellectomized baboons. Stimulation was delivered in volleys of 40 to 60 Hz lasting 5 to 25 sec, and at intensities ranging from 1 to 6 mA (width of shock 0.5 to 5 msec). Similar parameters of stimulation produced asymmetrical motor and electrocortical responses. When the normal VL nucleus was stimulated, these responses were tonic or tonic-clonic. When the VL nucleus deprived of its cerebellar afferents was stimulated, the tonic-clonic responses were followed by afterdischarges appearing in the EEG which persisted after cessation of stimulation. The role of the cerebellum in the lowering of the excitability threshold of some structures, particularly the VL nucleus, is discussed, as are the systems likely to play a role in producing various clinical responses.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Indole alkaloids induction of tremors: effect on photosensible epilepsy in Papiopapio].

Harmaline and ibogaine i.v. administration induced in the photosensitive baboon restlesness and tremor (8-12 Hz). The former increased the EEG frequency particularly in central regions with appearance of bursts at 20-24 c/s and blocked by somatic movement. The latter produced a slight enhancement of frontal fast rhythms. Both drugs blocked the spontaneous paroxysmal activity with little effect on photosensitivity. These effects lasted for 2-4 hrs. Vincamine produced agitation during 15 min. post-i.v.-administration and showed an "hypervigilant" EEG. Nor vincamine or Hydergine altered the degree of photosensitivity. Cerebellar involvement in the action of harmaline and ibogaïne is discussed.

Alkaloids↗