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Biomedical subjects

S Walker

Publications and source records attributed to S Walker.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Effects of biliary bile acid composition on biliary cholesterol saturation in gallstone patients treated with chenodeoxycholic acid and/or ursodeoxycholic acid.

Chenodeoxycholic acid (cheno) and ursodeoxycholic acid (urso) dissolve cholesterol gallstones in humans. In the present study conjugation of biliary bile acids with glycine and taurine and their effects on biliary cholesterol saturation were investigated during treatment with cheno, urso, and cheno-urso. Ten patients were included in this study, and every patient served as his own control. Each of the treatment periods lasted for 3 mo. During treatment with cheno or urso, daily doses of 11.9-15.6 mg/kg were administered, while during treatment with cheno-urso each bile acid was administered at one-half the dose. In the control period biliary bile acids consisted of 31.8 +/- 2.8% glycocheno, 10.9 +/- 1.2% taurocheno, 1.0 +/- 0.1% glycourso, and 0.3 +/- 0.1% taurourso. During the three treatment periods dihydroxy bile acids in bile and glycine conjugation of these dihydroxy bile acids increased significantly (P < 0.05). During treatment with urso the amounts of glycourso in bile were positively correlated to the dose of urso administered (P < 0.05). No correlation existed between urso dose and the amounts of taurourso in bile. Biliary cholesterol was 9.0 +/- 1.0 mol% in the control period and decreased during treatment with cheno, urso, and chenourso to 5.2 +/- 0.5, 3.7 +/- 0.3, and 3.8 +/- 0.3 mol%, respectively. Cholesterol saturation index corrected for the biliary content of glycourso and taurourso was 1.2 +/- 0.1 in the control period and decreased during treatment with cheno, urso, and cheno-urso to 0.8 +/- 0.1, 1.0 +/- 0.1 and 0.7 +/- 0.1, respectively. Thus urso treatment led to the lowest biliary content of cholesterol, but cheno-urso treatment led to significantly lower cholesterol saturation indices than urso treatment (P < 0.05).

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Trisomy 13 and extended survival.

A 9-year-old boy with classical clinical features of trisomy 13 (Patau's syndrome), with confirmation on chromosome analysis of blood and skin, is reported in view of his relative longevity.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1978

Fine structural studies of radiation-resistant human squamous cell carcinomas.

Squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity are relatively common lesions, and often can be controlled by radiation therapy. Recently, a series of these tumors has been encountered which did not respond positively to irradiation, necessitating subsequent extensive surgery. This report describes some fine structural changes which were observed in squamous cell carcinomas following exposure to x-irradiation. In addition to the common, keratin-forming differentiated cell, others which were observed were secretory-like, undifferentiated and phagocytic cells. Undifferentiated tumor cells occasionally became incorporated, at least temporarily, as a component of the blood vessel wall, perhaps reflecting metastatic potentiality. It is proposed that irradiation may either increase potential avenues of tumor cell differentiation or inactivate inhibitors thereof.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

The significance of the Philadelphia chromosome in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a report of two cases.

Two cases of Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia are reported, both of which lost the Philadelphia chromosome during remission. In one patient remission of the acute lymphoblastic leukaemia continued but classical Ph1 positive chronic granulocytic leukaemia developed. In the other patient relapse of the acute lymphoblastic leukaemia occurred associated with the return of the Ph1 chromosome. The evidence suggests that the chromosome aberration occurred in a pluripotential stem cell, which in one case proliferated along both a lymphoid cell line and a myeloid cell line. Both cases responded well to conventional therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Prostaglandin-induced diarrhoea.

A child with chronic diarrhoea since birth responded to the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors aspirin and indomethacin. During a period without treatment, raised levels of prostaglandins F2alpha and E2 were observed. No source for these raised prostaglandins was shown, and it is suggested that she may have an inborn defect of prostaglandin metabolism.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1977

Evaluation of a screening program for heart disease.

An evaluation of the effectiveness of a screening program using the Phono Cardio Scan to detect heart disease in 18,872 Baltimore (Meryland) elementary school children indicated that few cases were discovered and only one child medical treatment instituted as a result of the program. Most of the children referred to a cardiologist had known disease. There was considerable variability in performance both of the machine and of the three center which were involved in the program. The sensitivity of the machine may have been low as reported in some other studies.

Child↗
PubMed1976

Computerized data analysis of amino acids in physiologic fluids.

A Fortran IV computer program is described which identifies, computes, and statistically evaluates amino acid concentrations determined by an automatic amino acid analyzer in physiologic fluids. The program accepts retention time and intergrated peak areas from two calibration standards for identification and computational reference. Two internal standards are used to compensate for variations in injector performance and ninhydrin decay. Calibration standard responses are statistically treated to assist in detection of equipment malfunction. The statistical data base is automatically explanded through inclusion of data from normal patients. Amino acid concentrations are printed with appropriate mean and standard deviation values in a format acceptable as a final report.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1976

D13 ring chromosome syndrome.

A case of ring D13 chromosome, confirmed by trypsin banding, is described. Reviewing 21 cases from published reports, the most common features of this syndrome are microcephaly and associated mental retardation, poor uterine growth, deformed auricles, hypertelorism, epicanthus, broad nasal bridge, and genital defects in males.

Blood Group Antigens↗
PubMed1976

A case of ring chromosome.

A girl with a G22 ring chromosome is described. There are few physical abnormalities, performance quotient is in the low normal range but verbal skills are much retarded.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1976

Clinical evaluation of clobetasone butyrate in the treatment of children with atopic eczema, and its effect on plasma corticosteroid levels.

Studies were carried out to assess the effectiveness of clobetasone butyrate in treating eczema and psoriasis, and to determine if the compound had any effect on plasma cortisol levels. In the first trial, 71 children with bilateral symmetrical atopic eczema lesions were treated twice daily for 1 week, on one side with 0.05% clobetasone butyrate cream or ointment and on the other with 0.0125% flurandrenolone cream or ointment. Lesions improved or healed in the majority of the patients. Treatment preference showed a trend in favour of clobetasone butyrate but the difference was not statistically significant. In a second open trial, 29 adults with eczema or psoriasis were treated twice daily with clobetasone butyrate for 1 week: lesions in 10 patients remained static, 12 improved, and 7 were cleared. Plasma corticosteroid levels remained within the normal range at the end of the treatment period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Controlled trial of bromocriptine, quinoestrol, and placebo in suppression of puerperal lactation.

2-bromo-alpha-ergocryptine (bromocriptine) in a dosage of 2-5 mg twice daily caused a rapid fall in plasma prolactin. It was more effective than either a single dose of 4 mg quinoestrol or a placebo in suppressing puerperal lactation, as judged by milk flow and the relief of breast pain and congestion. Patients who received quinoestrol were more comfortable than those who received placebo.

Bromocriptine↗